Can We Screen for Limb Length Discrepancy on Spinal Radiographs of Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis?

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether height differences in the levels of the iliac crests and femoral heads on erect spinal radiographs can be used as indirect measurements for the screening and surveillance of limb length discrepancy (LLD) in patients with scoliosis.

Methods: Whole body posteroanterior (PA) and lateral erect radiographs of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with congenital, syndromic, and neuromuscular scoliosis were excluded.

Good short-term results following arthroscopic deepening trochleoplasty combined with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction: surgical technique and outcomes.

Purpose: To report short-term results and clinical outcomes of arthroscopic deepening trochleoplasty combined with medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction utilizing standard arthroscopic instruments in patients of recurrent patellar dislocation and trochlear dysplasia.

Methods: This is a case series of 13 patients between the ages of 14 and 20 years who presented with recurrent patellar dislocation and severe trochlear dysplasia (Dejour grade D). They were treated surgically using an arthroscopic technique from February 2017 to January 2019 and were followed for 18 months.

A pilot study on the "ScoliBrace" in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Purpose: Bracing for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a treatment option to prevent curve progression to surgical level. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a 3D fully customized over corrective brace, "ScoliBrace," an orthosis treatment for AIS.

Methods: This was a prospective pilot study of AIS female patients with inclusion criteria followed recommended Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) Guidelines.

Can the Lower Extremity Functional Scale Be Used in Children and Adolescents? A Validation Study.

Background: The lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) is a patient-reported outcome measure for assessment of lower extremity function. It has been validated in adults but not in children or adolescents.

Methods: Patients 8 to 18 years of age who were treated for a lower limb fracture, injury, or other conditions were invited to join the study.

Improved Comfortability and Satisfaction of Hybrid-mesh Casts in the Conservative Management of Pediatric Supracondylar Humeral Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Cast immobilization is the mainstay of treatment for stable pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures (SCHFs). In recent years, a waterproof and breathable hybrid-mesh (HM) cast has emerged and been marketed to address common complaints such as itch, skin irritation, and malodor. Hence, this randomized controlled trial seeks to assess the overall satisfaction, comfort, and clinical outcomes of using HM casts in the conservative treatment of stable pediatric SCHF.

The machine-vision image guided surgery system reduces fluoroscopy time, ionizing radiation and intraoperative blood loss in posterior spinal fusion for scoliosis.

Purpose: To determine if the novel 3D Machine-Vision Image Guided Surgery (MvIGS) (FLASH™) system can reduce intraoperative radiation exposure, while improving surgical outcomes when compared to 2D fluoroscopic navigation.

Methods: Clinical and radiographic records of 128 patients (≤ 18 years of age) who underwent posterior spinal fusion (PSF), utilising either MvIGS or 2D fluoroscopy, for severe idiopathic scoliosis were retrospectively reviewed. Operative time was analysed using the cumulative sum (CUSUM) method to evaluate the learning curve for MvIGS.

Aspects of Patient Experience Associated With Improved Scoliosis Research Society-22 Revised (SRS-22R) and European Quality of Life Five-Dimension Five-Level (EQ-5D-5L) Scores in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Managed With Observation or Bracing.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) managed nonsurgically with bracing or observation.

Summary Of Background Data: PREMs and PROMs are increasingly used to assess the effectiveness of patient-centered health care provision.

Osteomyelitis in Immunocompromised children and neonates, a case series.

Background: Osteomyelitis in immunocompromised children can present differently from immunocompetent children and can cause devastating sequelae if treated inadequately. We aim to review the aetiology, clinical profile, treatment and outcomes of immunocompromised children with osteomyelitis.

Methods: Retrospective review of all immunocompromised children aged < 16 years and neonates admitted with osteomyelitis in our hospital between January 2000 and January 2017, and referred to the Paediatric Infectious Disease Service.

Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods: Influence on Intraoperative Fluoroscopic Imaging: A Case Report.

Case: A 7-year-old boy with severe congenital scoliosis and impending thoracic insufficiency syndrome underwent uneventful single magnetically controlled growing rod (MCGR) insertion and removal of his ipsilateral rib-based distraction implants at our institution. Intraoperative fluoroscopy imaging revealed an artifactual bend (S-distortion) of the rod actuator after placement. This artifact was eliminated by moving the image intensifier further from the patient.

The utility of mini C-arm in the fixation of unstable paediatric supracondylar humeral fractures.

Background: Pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures have traditionally been reduced and fixed with conventional C-arm (CCA) fluoroscopy guidance. With the increase in popularity of the newer mini C-arm (MCA) system within other fields of surgery due to its ease of use and lower radiation emission, the same adoption should be explored in pediatric orthopedic surgeries. The purpose of this study is to compare the MCA and CCA primarily in reduction and fixation outcomes and secondarily in other perioperative parameters.

A novel Ser40Trp variant in IFITM5 in a family with osteogenesis imperfecta and review of the literature.

Osteogenesis imperfecta, is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous connective tissue disorder that disrupts bone architecture, making it fragile and more prone to fractures. While more than 85% of cases are due to variants in COL1A1 and COL1A2, variants in noncollagen genes have been identified in the remaining cases. The recurring heterozygous variant in IFITM5 (c.

Ingrowing toenails in children and adolescents: is nail avulsion superior to nonoperative treatment?

Introduction: Ingrowing toenail (IGTN) or onychocryptosis is not uncommon in children and adolescents. However, there is a dearth of evidence in the literature on the management of IGTN in this age group. This study aimed to compare the results of nonoperative treatment for IGTN with that of operative treatment among children and adolescents.

Retained foreign objects in casts in children.

Cast immobilization is a noninvasive and effective option in the treatment of fractures in children. However, its use can be associated with complications, such as pressure sores, skin infections, thermal injuries, and joint stiffness. In clinical practice, retained foreign objects in casts are not uncommon.

The unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis: does the rate of osteonecrosis really depend on the timing of surgery and surgical technique?

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the timing of surgery and surgical technique affect the rate of osteonecrosis in unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). This is a retrospective review of all unstable slips that were treated at our institution over 8.5 years with a minimum follow-up period of 12 months.

A Case of Tuberculosis Spondylodiscitis With Paraspinal Abscess in a 2-Year-Old Child.

In this article, we report a case of tuberculosis spondylodiscitis in a 2-year-old child. Imaging of her spine showed a paraspinal abscess. The diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis remains difficult, and we discuss its salient features and current management within the pediatric population.

Cast immobilisation for the treatment of paediatric distal radius fracture: fibreglass versus polyolefin.

Introduction: Stable distal radius fractures in children are frequently treated by immobilisation with a cast and heal readily without complications. This randomised clinical trial aimed to assess patient satisfaction and casting-related clinical outcomes when using polyolefin cast, a new cast material, compared to the conventional fibreglass cast.

Methods: A total of 80 patients (age range 7-16 years) with radiograph-confirmed stable distal radius fractures were recruited.

Paediatric supracondylar humeral fractures: a technique for safe medial pin passage with zero incidence of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury.

Introduction: The cross Kirschner wire (K-wire) configuration in closed reduction and percutaneous pinning of paediatric supracondylar humeral fracture affords superior stability. However, medial pin placement presents a risk of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury. This study describes, in step-by-step detail, another safe method of percutaneous medial pin insertion.

The isolated medial humeral epicondyle fracture treated nonoperatively: does fracture displacement change over time?

This study explores the change in the position of the fragment in isolated, displaced, medial humeral epicondyle fractures in children. In this series, 34 patients (mean age 11.0 years) were treated nonoperatively by cast immobilization with no attempt at closed fracture reduction.

Percutaneous pin removal in the outpatient clinic--do children require analgesia?: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Percutaneous pins used in the surgical fixation of fractures in children are often removed in the outpatient clinic without the administration of analgesia. Pin removal can be a cause of anxiety for children, parents, and caregivers. Relatively little is known about the requirement of analgesia for this procedure.

Late presentation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: who, why, and how often?

Children and young teenagers with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) not infrequently present with Cobb angles in excess of 40° at the first clinic visit. This study aimed to establish the incidence of this group of patients, identify the possible factors that may account for the late presentation, and make appropriate recommendations where applicable. This is an institutional review board-approved study.

Pain during percutaneous pin removal in children with elbow fractures.

Purpose: To survey caregivers with regard to the pain they perceived their children were having during the removal of the percutaneous Kirschner wires, as well as the need for analgesia.

Methods: 23 male and 18 female patients aged 1 to 15 (mean, 7) years who underwent closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation for elbow fractures and subsequent removal of the wires were included. Before the removal procedure, caregivers of these patients were asked to select one of 4 options for the procedure: no analgesia, paracetamol, sedation, and general anaesthesia.