Impact of Drp1 Loss on Organelle Interaction, Metabolism, and Inflammation in Mouse Liver.

Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is a crucial player in mitochondrial fission and liver function. The interactions between mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and lipid droplets (LDs) are fundamental for lipid metabolism. This study utilized liver-specific Drp1 knockout (LiKO) mice to investigate the effects of Drp1 deficiency on organelle interactions, metabolism, and inflammation.

Clinical Factors Associated with Body-weight Reduction Induced by Semaglutide 1.0 mg Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: We examined the clinical factors associated with a decrease in weight induced by weekly semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Patients with T2DM who visited the Diabetes Care Center of Jinnouchi Hospital between June 2020 and October 2023 and were treated with semaglutide, 1.0 mg weekly, in addition to their ongoing medications were retrospectively registered.

Assessing the Metabolic and Physical Effects of Combined DPP4 and SGLT2 Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Observational Prospective Pilot Study.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of combined administration of dipeptidyl peptide-4 (DPP4) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on metabolic disorders and their preferable and complementary effects.

Methods: The effectiveness of a 24-week intervention on metabolic parameters (including glucose profile), physical functions (grip strength and calf circumference), and health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) was analyzed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Geriatric Depression Scale 5. A total of 39 patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with the combination of DPP4 and SGLT2 inhibitors were included in this multicenter pilot study.

Clinical and radiographic characteristics of patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas categorized according to their serum prolactin concentration: novel predictors of postoperative transient diabetes insipidus following surgery.

Purpose: Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are often associated with hyperprolactinemia, which is known as the "stalk effect". However, the relationships between hyperprolactinemia and the radiographic characteristics of the tumor that affects the pituitary stalk have not been well characterized. We aimed to identify the differences in the clinical and radiographic characteristics of patients with NFPA, with and without hyperprolactinemia.

Successful Superficial Blood Sampling to Localize a Fibroblast Growth Factor-23-Producing Tumor.

BACKGROUND Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a paraneoplastic syndrome caused by aberrant fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23)-producing tumors. Early surgical resection is the optimal strategy for preventing TIO progression. Thus, tumor localization is a priority for successful treatment.

Reduction of Proteinuria in a Patient With Primary Aldosteronism by Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Administration.

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a major target for treating hypertension and preventing various complications. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists are recommended as specific drugs to ameliorate hyperactive MR signaling, especially for patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. However, the clinical implications of an increased RAAS activity and angiotensin II level induced by MR antagonist administration remain unclear.

Metyrosine-associated endocrinological changes in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.

Objective: Metyrosine (alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine) effectively reduces catecholamine levels in patients with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. However, improvements in physiological and metabolic parameters and changes in endocrine function associated with metyrosine administration should be validated in comparison to surgery. This study was performed to confirm the effects of metyrosine on the physiological, metabolic, and endocrinological functions of patients with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma in the perioperative period.

IgG4-Related Membranous Nephropathy with Acute Nephrotic Syndrome During Successful Steroid Maintenance Treatment for Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related diseases (IgG4-RD) are systemic fibroinflammatory diseases that can develop asynchronously in multiple organs. IgG4-related kidney disease (IgG4-RKD) is generally characterized by tubulointerstitial nephritis but can also manifest as membranous nephropathy without tubulointerstitial nephritis. IgG4-related membranous nephropathy can present as a phenotype of systemic disorders, including autoimmune pancreatitis-associated diabetes mellitus; however, its clinical features remain unclear.

Iliopsoas muscle to visceral fat ratio on CT predicts Cushing's syndrome in elderly females with adrenal tumors.

There is no computed tomography (CT)-based numerical index for predicting Cushing's syndrome (CS) in patients with adrenal incidentalomas. We tested the hypothesis that the iliopsoas muscle (Ip-M) to visceral fat (V-fat) ratio (IVR) on CT may predict CS in elderly female patients with adrenal tumors. We examined the V-fat area, subcutaneous fat (S-fat) area, Ip-M area, V-fat/S-fat ratio, and IVR at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) level using abdominal CT in female patients aged ≥50 years with cortisol-producing adrenal tumor diagnosed with CS or non-functioning adrenal tumor (NFT) in the derivation cohort.

Reduced Number of Remaining or Healthy Teeth in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional Study Assessed by Dentists or Dental Hygienists in Japan.

Objective This study assessed the relationships between oral health (number of remaining and healthy teeth and periodontal disease) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to contribute to improved patient care. Patients We conducted a cross-sectional cohort study of consecutive patients being regularly treated for chronic diseases (T2DM, hypertension, and dyslipidemia). A dentist or dental hygienist accurately evaluated the oral environment.

Effects of Elobixibat, an Inhibitor of Ileal Bile Acid Transporter, on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism: A Single-arm Pilot Study in Patients with T2DM.

Purpose: The ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor elobixibat was recently approved in Japan for use in the treatment of patients with chronic constipation. Elobixibat has been associated with increased plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 level through Takeda G protein receptor 5, which is a membrane receptor of bile acids. The present study assessed the metabolic effects of elobixibat in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-related constipation.

Case Report: Myxedema Coma Caused by Immunoglobulin A Vasculitis in a Patient With Severe Hypothyroidism.

Myxedema coma is a critical disorder with high mortality rates. Disruption of the compensatory mechanism for severe and long-term hypothyroidism by various causes leads to critical conditions, including hypothermia, respiratory failure, circulatory failure, and central nervous system dysfunction. Infectious diseases, stroke, myocardial infarction, sedative drugs, and cold exposure are considered the main triggers for myxedema coma.

Transient Antidiuretic Hormone Insufficiency Caused by Severe Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome Based on Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus.

Background: The hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), an acute complication of diabetes mellitus with plasma hyperosmolarity, promotes the secretion of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) and reduces the storage of ADH. Magnetic resonance T1-weighted imaging reflects ADH storage in the posterior pituitary lobe, which disappears when the storage is depleted. Whether the HHS induces ADH depletion leading to clinical manifestations has been unclear.

Quinacrine is not a vital fluorescent probe for vesicular ATP storage.

Quinacrine, a fluorescent amphipathic amine, has been used as a vital fluorescent probe to visualize vesicular storage of ATP in the field of purinergic signaling. However, the mechanism(s) by which quinacrine represents vesicular ATP storage remains to be clarified. The present study investigated the validity of the use of quinacrine as a vial fluorescent probe for ATP-storing organelles.

Thyroid-related ophthalmopathy development in concurrence with growth hormone administration.

Background: Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor and local infiltrate lymphocytes have been considered as major pathological factors for developing thyroid-related ophthalmopathy. Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for refractory patients. However, the relationship between activation of growth hormone (GH)/IGF-I receptor signaling and development or exacerbation of thyroid ophthalmopathy has not been elucidated.

The effect of real-time monitoring of physical activity intensity in diabetic patients.

Aim: To evaluate the effects of an intensity display type accelerometer on diabetic patients' physical activity.

Methods: This was a two-arm, non-randomized controlled study. Both groups received information about the recommendation of 150 min/week moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).

An Open-label Phase I/IIa Clinical Trial of 11β-HSD1 Inhibitor for Cushing's Syndrome and Autonomous Cortisol Secretion.

Context: 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitors demonstrate antimetabolic and antisarcopenic effects in Cushing's syndrome (CS) and autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS) patients.

Objective: To confirm the efficacy and safety of S-707106 (11β-HSD1 inhibitor) administered to CS and ACS patients.

Design: A 24-week single-center, open-label, single-arm, dose-escalation, investigator-initiated clinical trial on a database.

Early postoperative prediction of both disease remission and long-term disease control in acromegaly using the oral glucose tolerance test.

Purpose: Transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) is the cornerstone of acromegaly treatment. Two biochemical parameters, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels, sometimes diverge postoperatively; however, it is important to maintain disease control without further treatment, regardless of whether these parameters converge. This study investigated whether remission and long-term disease control could be predicted using early postoperative GH and IGF-1 levels.

Pasireotide-induced hyperglycemia in a patient with Cushing's disease: Potential use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist for treatment.

Pasireotide improves hypercortisolemia and induces hyperglycemia via somatostatin receptor type-5 stimulation. GLP-1RA and SGLT2 inhibitor potentially help regulate hyperglycemia in patients with Cushing's disease, especially after pasireotide administration.