Application of machine learning for detecting high fall risk in middle-aged workers using video-based analysis of the first 3 steps.

Objectives: Falls are among the most prevalent workplace accidents, necessitating thorough screening for susceptibility to falls and customization of individualized fall prevention programs. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a high fall risk prediction model using machine learning (ML) and video-based first 3 steps in middle-aged workers.

Methods: Participants to provide training data (n = 190, mean [SD] age = 54.

Hematinic Potential of Olive Leaf Extract: Evidence from an In Vivo Study in Mice and a Pilot Study in Healthy Human Volunteers.

Natural resources have recently received considerable attention as complementary or alternative hematinic agents. In this regard, olive leaf extract, which is rich in bioactive phenolic compounds, has been reported to induce erythroid differentiation in human hematopoietic stem cells. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to explore the potential hematinic properties of aqueous olive leaf extract (WOL) in vivo.

Fibroblasts in heart scar tissue directly regulate cardiac excitability and arrhythmogenesis.

After heart injury, dead heart muscle is replaced by scar tissue. Fibroblasts can electrically couple with myocytes, and changes in fibroblast membrane potential can lead to myocyte excitability, which suggests that fibroblast-myocyte coupling in scar tissue may be responsible for arrhythmogenesis. However, the physiologic relevance of electrical coupling of myocytes and fibroblasts and its impact on cardiac excitability in vivo have never been demonstrated.

Myoscaffolds reveal laminin scarring is detrimental for stem cell function while sarcospan induces compensatory fibrosis.

We developed an on-slide decellularization approach to generate acellular extracellular matrix (ECM) myoscaffolds that can be repopulated with various cell types to interrogate cell-ECM interactions. Using this platform, we investigated whether fibrotic ECM scarring affected human skeletal muscle progenitor cell (SMPC) functions that are essential for myoregeneration. SMPCs exhibited robust adhesion, motility, and differentiation on healthy muscle-derived myoscaffolds.

Intramuscular delivery of neural crest stem cell spheroids enhances neuromuscular regeneration after denervation injury.

Background: Muscle denervation from trauma and motor neuron disease causes disabling morbidities. A limiting step in functional recovery is the regeneration of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) for reinnervation. Stem cells have the potential to promote these regenerative processes, but current approaches have limited success, and the optimal types of stem cells remain to be determined.

Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of erythroid differentiation potential of olive leaf in haematopoietic stem cells.

Anaemia is one of the leading causes of disability in young adults and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in elderly. With a global target to reduce the disease burden of anaemia, recent researches focus on novel compounds with the ability to induce erythropoiesis and regulate iron homeostasis. We aimed to explore the biological events and potential polypharmacological effects of water-extracted olive leaf (WOL) on human bone marrow-derived haematopoietic stem cells (hHSCs) using a comprehensive gene expression analysis.

Olive leaf extract prevents obesity, cognitive decline, and depression and improves exercise capacity in mice.

Obesity is a risk factor for development of metabolic diseases and cognitive decline; therefore, obesity prevention is of paramount importance. Neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress is an important mechanism underlying cognitive decline. Olive leaf extract contains large amounts of oleanolic acid, a transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) agonist, and oleuropein, an antioxidant.

Derivation of dorsal spinal sensory interneurons from human pluripotent stem cells.

We describe two differentiation protocols to derive sensory spinal interneurons (INs) from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In protocol 1, we use retinoic acid (RA) to induce pain, itch, and heat mediating dI4/dI6 interneurons, and in protocol 2, RA with bone morphogenetic protein 4 (RA+BMP4) is used to induce proprioceptive dI1s and mechanosensory dI3s in hPSC cultures. These protocols provide an important step toward developing therapies for regaining sensation in spinal cord injury patients.

Microstructures of crab chela: A biological composite for pinching.

We have investigated the microstructures and mechanical properties of four crab species Paralithodes brevipes, Eriocheir japonicas, Geothelphusa dehaani, and Telmessus acutidens and analyzed the molecular and elemental data of their chela. In the visible brown region (BR) at the distal end of the dactylus tip in Paralithodes brevipes and Eriocheir japonicas, the elastic modulus and calcium (Ca) content were lower than in the white region (WR). Near the interface between BR and WR, Ca, and carbon (C) composition changed continuously.

Olive Leaf Extract (OleaVita) Suppresses Inflammatory Cytokine Production and NLRP3 Inflammasomes in Human Placenta.

The placenta is essential for pregnancy and produces both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Excessive production of inflammatory cytokines, involving interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-8, from placental tissues is associated with pregnancy complications. Olive leaf extract has several health benefits, including anti-inflammatory functions.

Dietary Supplementation of Selenoneine-Containing Tuna Dark Muscle Extract Effectively Reduces Pathology of Experimental Colorectal Cancers in Mice.

Selenoneine is an ergothioneine analog with greater antioxidant activity and is the major form of organic selenium in the blood, muscles, and other tissues of tuna. The aim of this study was to determine whether a selenoneine-rich diet exerts antioxidant activities that can prevent carcinogenesis in two types of colorectal cancer model in mice. We administrated selenoneine-containing tuna dark muscle extract (STDME) to mice for one week and used azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for inducing colorectal carcinogenesis.

Self-Organized Cerebral Organoids with Human-Specific Features Predict Effective Drugs to Combat Zika Virus Infection.

The human cerebral cortex possesses distinct structural and functional features that are not found in the lower species traditionally used to model brain development and disease. Accordingly, considerable attention has been placed on the development of methods to direct pluripotent stem cells to form human brain-like structures termed organoids. However, many organoid differentiation protocols are inefficient and display marked variability in their ability to recapitulate the three-dimensional architecture and course of neurogenesis in the developing human brain.

BMPs direct sensory interneuron identity in the developing spinal cord using signal-specific not morphogenic activities.

The Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) family reiteratively signals to direct disparate cellular fates throughout embryogenesis. In the developing dorsal spinal cord, multiple BMPs are required to specify sensory interneurons (INs). Previous studies suggested that the BMPs act as concentration-dependent morphogens to direct IN identity, analogous to the manner in which sonic hedgehog patterns the ventral spinal cord.

Type Ib BMP receptors mediate the rate of commissural axon extension through inhibition of cofilin activity.

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have unexpectedly diverse activities establishing different aspects of dorsal neural circuitry in the developing spinal cord. Our recent studies have shown that, in addition to spatially orienting dorsal commissural (dI1) axons, BMPs supply 'temporal' information to commissural axons to specify their rate of growth. This information ensures that commissural axons reach subsequent signals at particular times during development.

Clinical correlates associated with cognitive dysfunction in people with schizophrenia.

Aims: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlation between cognitive function and clinical variables in people with schizophrenia.

Methods: The subjects were 61 stabilized outpatients with schizophrenia (DSM-IV). Their mean age was 40.

Quality of life and cognitive dysfunction in people with schizophrenia.

The main purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between quality of life (QOL) and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Subjects were 61 stabilized outpatients. Quality of life and cognitive function were assessed using the Quality of Life Scale (QLS) and the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS), respectively.

Assaying the ability of diffusible signaling molecules to reorient embryonic spinal commissural axons.

Dorsal commissural axons in the vertebrate spinal cord(1) have been an invaluable model system in which to identify axon guidance signals. Here, we describe an in vitro assay, "the reorientation assay", that has been used extensively to study the effect of extrinsic and intrinsic signals on the orientation of commissural axons(2). This assay was developed by numerous people in the laboratories of Jane Dodd, Thomas Jessell and Andrew Lumsden (see acknowledgements for more details) and versions of this assay were used to demonstrate the reorientation activities of key axon guidance molecules, including the BMP chemorepellent in the roof plate(3,4) and the chemoattractive activities of Netrin1(5) and Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)(6) in the floor plate in the spinal cord.

Predictors of subjective and objective quality of life in outpatients with schizophrenia.

Aim: In recent years, greater attention has been given to quality of life (QOL) in schizophrenia and several studies reported that negative and depressive symptoms and cognitive dysfunction are related to patient QOL. But because a variety of QOL measures have been used in the previous studies, there seems to be no unanimous predictors for subjective and objective QOL. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the relationship between clinical variables and subjective and objective QOL in outpatients with schizophrenia, using schizophrenia disease-specific QOL measures.

FKBP5, SERT and COMT mRNA expressions in the peripheral leukocytes during menstruation cycle in healthy reproductive females.

There have been several evidences that the mRNA expressions in the peripheral leukocytes may indicate not only physical but also psychological states. The purpose of this study is whether the mRNA expressional changes in the leukocytes are related to the mental states across the menstrual cycle in reproductive healthy female subjects. Thirty-eight female subjects (22.

BMP type I receptor complexes have distinct activities mediating cell fate and axon guidance decisions.

The finding that morphogens, signalling molecules that specify cell identity, also act as axon guidance molecules has raised the possibility that the mechanisms that establish neural cell fate are also used to assemble neuronal circuits. It remains unresolved, however, how cells differentially transduce the cell fate specification and guidance activities of morphogens. To address this question, we have examined the mechanism by which the Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) guide commissural axons in the developing spinal cord.

Subjective and objective quality of life, levels of life skills, and their clinical determinants in outpatients with schizophrenia.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationships among subjective and objective quality of life (QOL), and levels of life skills, and their clinical determinants in outpatients with schizophrenia by using schizophrenia disease-specific QOL measures. Data collected from 64 outpatients were analyzed. Subjective QOL was measured with the Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale (SQLS) and objective QOL with the Quality of Life Scale (QLS).

Association between PNPO and schizophrenia in the Japanese population.

Accumulating evidence suggests that both homocysteine metabolism and monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems are important in schizophrenia pathology. We hypothesized that the gene PNPO (pyridoxine 5'-phosphatase oxidase gene) might be a candidate for susceptibility to schizophrenia because PNPO encodes pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase (EC 1.4.

TGFBR2 gene expression and genetic association with schizophrenia.

TGFBR2 gene is a tumor suppressor gene located at chromosome 3p22, and the locus is reported to be linked with schizophrenia susceptibility. According to the previous studies, a reduced incidence of cancer is observed in schizophrenic patients compared with the general population and tumor suppressor genes may be associated with schizophrenia. We measured the mRNA expression of TGFBR2 gene in the peripheral leukocytes from 19 medication-free schizophrenics and 25 medication-free major depressive patients compared with age- and sex-matched control subjects using a quantitative real-time PCR method.