Guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women With Bulimia Nervosa: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Despite the rising prevalence of bulimia nervosa and the associated risks of chronicity and severe physical and psychological morbidity, access to effective treatment remains poor. The effectiveness and acceptability of internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) for women with bulimia nervosa in clinical settings in East Asia remain unclear.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness and acceptability of a guided ICBT program to treat women with bulimia nervosa in Japan.

Flunitrazepam increases the risk of lamotrigine-induced cutaneous adverse reactions: Combined analysis of medical big data and clinical research.

Aim: The concomitant use of lamotrigine and valproic acid, a uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase inhibitor, is a known risk factor for lamotrigine-induced rashes, which may develop into fatal or severe cutaneous adverse reactions. No drugs other than valproic acid have been shown to increase lamotrigine concentrations in humans by inhibiting UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. The treatment of bipolar disorder and epilepsy is often combined with other medications, which may affect the risk of rash.

Alterations of Blood Plasma Metabolites, Including Kynurenine and Tryptophan, in Bipolar Disorder.

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. However, the pathophysiology has not yet been fully elucidated.

Methods: In this study, we employed capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry to measure 34 plasma metabolites and compared the levels between individuals with BD (N = 64, male/female = 30/34, age [mean ± S.

Associations between clozapine availability, the diagnosis of treatment-resistant schizophrenia subgroups, antipsychotic monotherapy, and concomitant psychotropics among patients with schizophrenia: a real-world nationwide study.

Background And Hypothesis: The rate of antipsychotic polypharmacy is high. One risk factor for antipsychotic polypharmacy may be the severity of schizophrenia, including treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). We hypothesized that the institutions that are able to prescribe clozapine present differences in pharmacological treatment even before TRS is diagnosed.

Proposal for a Novel Classification of Patients With Enlarged Ventricles and Cognitive Impairment Based on Data-Driven Analysis of Neuroimaging Results in Patients With Psychiatric Disorders.

One of the challenges in diagnosing psychiatric disorders is that the results of biological and neuroscience research are not reflected in the diagnostic criteria. Thus, data-driven analyses incorporating biological and cross-disease perspectives, regardless of the diagnostic category, have recently been proposed. A data-driven clustering study based on subcortical volumes in 5604 subjects classified into four brain biotypes associated with cognitive/social functioning.

Meta-analyses of epigenetic age acceleration and GrimAge components of schizophrenia or first-episode psychosis.

Schizophrenia is a common chronic psychiatric disorder that causes age-related dysfunction. The life expectancy in patients with schizophrenia is ≥10 years shorter than that in the general population because of the higher risk of other diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases. Aging studies based on DNA methylation status have received considerable attention.

Schizophrenia and cognitive dysfunction.

Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder with cognitive dysfunction as a core symptom along with positive and negative symptoms. Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia can be broadly classified into neurocognitive and social cognitive deficits, with these deficits significantly influencing social functioning. Therapeutic interventions aiming to enhance neurocognition and social cognition have been developed.

An Exploratory Study of the Potential of Online Counseling for University Students by a Human-Operated Avatar Counselor.

Recently, the use of digital technologies, such as avatars and virtual reality, has been increasingly explored to address university students' mental health issues. However, there is limited research on the advantages and disadvantages of counselors using avatars in online video counseling. Herein, 25 university students were enrolled in a pilot online counseling session with a human counselor-controlled avatar, and asked about their emotional experiences and impressions of the avatar and to provide qualitative feedback on their communication experience.

The effect of education regarding treatment guidelines for schizophrenia and major depressive disorders on psychiatrists' hypnotic medication prescribing behavior: a multicenter study.

Background: To examine whether the "Effectiveness of Guideline for Dissemination and Education in psychiatric treatment (EGIUDE)" project affects the rate of prescriptions of hypnotic medication and the type of hypnotic medications prescribed among psychiatrists, for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder in Japan.

Methods: The EGUIDE project is a nationwide prospective study of evidence-based clinical guidelines for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder in Japan. From 2016 to 2021, clinical and prescribing data from patients discharged from hospitals participating in the EGUIDE project were used to examine hypnotic medication prescriptions The prescribing rate of hypnotics and the prescribing rate of each type of hypnotic (benzodiazepine receptor agonist, nonbenzodiazepine receptor agonist, melatonin receptor agonist, and orexin receptor antagonist) were compared among patients who had been prescribed medication by psychiatrists participating in the EGUIDE project and patients who had been prescribed medication by nonparticipating psychiatrists.

Associations between negative and positive automatic thoughts and clinical variables in patients with schizophrenia.

This study investigated the relationships between negative and positive automatic thoughts and clinical variables in patients with schizophrenia. The participants included 36 patients with schizophrenia (male = 16; female = 20; age = 42.86 ± 9.

Association between copy number variations in parkin (PRKN) and schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder: A case-control study.

Aim: The present study aimed to examine the association between copy number variations (CNVs) in parkin (PRKN) and schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a large case-control sample.

Method: Array comparative genomic hybridization was performed on 3111 cases with SCZ, 1236 cases with ASD, and 2713 controls. We systematically prioritized likely pathogenic CNVs (LP-CNVs) in PRKN and examined their association with SCZ and ASD.

Guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Women With Bulimia Nervosa: Protocol for a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Individual face-to-face cognitive behavioral therapy is known to be effective for bulimia nervosa (BN). Since foods vary considerably between regions and cultures in which patients live, cultural adaptation of the treatment program is particularly important in cognitive behavioral therapy for BN. Recently, an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) program was developed for Japanese women with BN, adapted to the Japanese food culture.

Effect of education regarding treatment guidelines for schizophrenia and depression on the treatment behavior of psychiatrists: A multicenter study.

Aim: This study aims to examine the real-world effectiveness of education regarding clinical guidelines for psychiatric disorders using 'the Effectiveness of guidelines for dissemination and education in psychiatric treatment (EGUIDE)' project.

Methods: The EGUIDE project is a nationwide prospective implementation study of two clinical practice guidelines, i.e.

Change of prescription for patients with schizophrenia or major depressive disorder during admission: real-world prescribing surveys from the effectiveness of guidelines for dissemination and education psychiatric treatment project.

Background: Polypharmacy of additional psychotropics alongside the main treatment drug (antipsychotics in schizophrenia and antidepressants in major depressive disorder) is common in Japan. Our goal is to align psychotropic prescription in Japan with international standards, while reducing the differences between facilities. To achieve this goal, we aimed to compare prescriptions at the time of hospital admission and discharge.

Combination Psychotropic Use for Schizophrenia With Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics and Oral Antipsychotics: A Nationwide Real-World Study in Japan.

Background: Although several guidelines recommend monotherapy with antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia, patients who receive long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) are frequently treated with oral antipsychotics (OAPs). In the present study, we investigated the detailed use of psychotropic medications among patients throughout Japan with schizophrenia who received LAIs or OAPs.

Methods: The present study used data from the project for the Effectiveness of Guidelines for Dissemination and Education in psychiatric treatment from 94 facilities in Japan.

Effects of group therapy on jumping to conclusion bias in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder : An exploratory study.

Background And Purpose: Jumping to conclusion (JTC)-a cognitive bias in thinking processes-leads to drawing conclusions based on little information, and could be related to psychosis and paranoia. While it has recently been pointed out that it could accompany the autism spectrum disorder (ASD), no interventions targeting this bias in adolescents with ASD have been reported. Therefore, this exploratory study investigated the effects of a group social cognition program on JTC bias in adolescents with ASD.

Interferon signaling and hypercytokinemia-related gene expression in the blood of antidepressant non-responders.

Only 50% of patients with depression respond to the first antidepressant drug administered. Thus, biomarkers for prediction of antidepressant responses are needed, as predicting which patients will not respond to antidepressants can optimize selection of alternative therapies. We aimed to identify biomarkers that could predict antidepressant responsiveness using a novel data-driven approach based on statistical pattern recognition.

The characteristics of discharge prescriptions including pro re nata psychotropic medications for patients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder from the survey of the "Effectiveness of guidelines for dissemination and education in psychiatric treatment (EGUIDE)" project.

Background: Several guidelines recommend monotherapy in pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. The content of regular prescriptions has been reported in several studies, but not enough research has been conducted on the content of pharmacotherapy, including pro re nata (PRN) medications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the content of pharmacotherapy, including PRN medications, and to clarify the relationship with regular prescriptions.

Satisfaction with web-based courses on clinical practice guidelines for psychiatrists: Findings from the "Effectiveness of Guidelines for Dissemination and Education in Psychiatric Treatment (EGUIDE)" project.

To disseminate, educate, and validate psychiatric clinical practice guidelines, the Effectiveness of Guidelines for Dissemination and Education in Psychiatric Treatment (EGUIDE) project was launched in 2016. In this study, we investigated whether the web-based courses offered by this project would be as effective as the face-to-face courses. We analyzed and compared survey answers about overall participant satisfaction with the course and answers regarding clinical knowledge of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder between 170 participants who took the web-based courses in 2020 and 689 participants who took the face-to-face courses from 2016 to 2019.

Development of individual fitness score for conformity of prescriptions to the "Guidelines For Pharmacological Therapy of Schizophrenia".

Aims: The Guidelines for the Pharmacotherapy of Schizophrenia were established to improve the quality of medical care, and the EGUIDE project was conducted to train clinicians on guideline usage. A quality indicator (QI) was established to measure the prevalence of the guidelines, and a survey was conducted, which revealed a gap between the guidelines and actual clinical practice (evidence-practice-gap). The purpose of this study was to develop an individual fitness score (IFS) formula that expresses the degree to which prescribers adhere to the Guidelines for Pharmacological Therapy of Schizophrenia in a simple manner, and to determine the validity of this formula from a survey of the prescriptions of the EGUIDE project participants'.

Effects of electroconvulsive therapy on the use of anxiolytics and sleep medications: a propensity score-matched analysis.

Aim: We investigated the association of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) with anxiolytic and sleep medication use in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SZ).

Methods: This nationwide observational study analyzed data from 3483 MDD inpatients and 6663 SZ inpatients. Patients with MDD and SZ were classified into those who underwent ECT during hospitalization and those who did not.

X chromosome aneuploidies and schizophrenia: association analysis and phenotypic characterization.

Aim: The aims of the present study were: (i) to examine the association between schizophrenia (SCZ) and 47, XXY or 47, XXX in a large case-control sample; and (ii) to characterize the clinical features of patients with SCZ with these X chromosome aneuploidies.

Methods: To identify 47, XXY and 47, XXX, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was performed in 3188 patients with SCZ and 3586 controls. We examined the association between 47, XXY and 47, XXX and SCZ in males and females separately using exact conditional tests to control for platform effects.