Duganella hordei sp. nov., Duganella caerulea sp. nov., and Duganella rhizosphaerae sp. nov., isolated from barley rhizosphere.

Duganella sp. strains R1, R57, and R64, isolated from barley roots in Japan, are Gram-stain-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacteria. Duganella species abundantly colonized barley roots.

Chelation-based iron uptake mitigates the effects of prolonged high-temperature stress in cool-season grasses.

High-temperature stress poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity and ecological diversity. Here, we show the effects of prolonged high-temperature stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum) and the model grass Brachypodium distachyon and demonstrate that heat stress induces iron deficiency in newly emerged leaves. Quantitative trait locus analysis of B.

Enhancing soybean tolerance to drought by homologous expression of cytokinin synthase gene GmIPT10.

Climatic change-induced osmotic stresses, especially drought and salinity, have arisen as major environmental constraints to crop productivity and sustainable agriculture. Previously, soybean GmIPT10, which encodes an adenine isopentenyl transferase enzyme working in the biosynthesis of cytokinin phytohormone, has been identified as a drought-responsive gene. In this study, the aim is to explore the drought-associated attributes of GmIPT10 in planta, by using homologous expression system.

Trans-organ analysis of gene co-expression networks reveals a mobile long-distance regulator that balances shoot and root development in Arabidopsis.

Long-distance regulation between individual organs is a fundamental process for the optimized adaptation of the plant body to diverse environments. However, systematic methods for identifying key genes for long-distance regulation are currently unavailable. Here we present a new approach, trans-organ analysis of gene co-expression networks, which offers a unique way of identifying candidates for such genes.

Multi-omics signatures of diverse plant callus cultures.

Callus cultures are fundamental for plant propagation, genetic transformation, and emerging biotechnological applications that use cellular factories to produce high-value metabolites like plant-based drugs. These applications exploit the diverse metabolic capabilities of various plant species. However, optimizing culture conditions for specific applications necessitates a deep understanding of the transcriptome, metabolome, and phytohormone profiles of different species.

Distinct Infection Mechanisms of AG-1 IA and AG-4 HG-I+II in and Barley.

is a basidiomycete phytopathogenic fungus that causes rapid necrosis in a wide range of crop species, leading to substantial agricultural losses worldwide. The species complex is divided into 13 anastomosis groups (AGs) based on hyphal fusion compatibility and further subdivided by culture morphology. While classifications were shown to be independent of host specificity, it remains unclear whether different isolates share similar virulence mechanisms.

Strigolactone and karrikin receptors regulate phytohormone biosynthetic and catabolic processes.

Karrikin plays a more critical role in affecting the homeostasis of ABA and cytokinins, while strigolactones play a more critical role in influencing the homeostasis of jasmonic acid and gibberellins. Strigolactones (SLs) and karrikins (KARs) regulate plant growth and development through their crosstalk, and through the crosstalk between them and other phytohormones, such as abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin. However, how SL and KAR signaling pathways influence the levels of other phytohormones is still unknown.

Multiomics-based assessment of the impact of airflow on diverse plant callus cultures.

Plant cell culture has multiple applications in biotechnology and horticulture, from plant propagation to the production of high-value biomolecules. However, the interplay between cellular diversity and ambient conditions influences the metabolism of cultured tissues; understanding these factors in detail will inform efforts to optimize culture conditions. This study presents multiomics datasets from callus cultures of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), rice (Oryza sativa), and two bamboo species (Phyllostachys nigra and P.

Identification and functional analyses of drought stress resistance genes by transcriptomics of the Mongolian grassland plant Chloris virgata.

Background: Mongolian grasslands, including the Gobi Desert, have been exposed to drought conditions with few rains. In such harsh environments, plants with highly resistant abilities against drought stress survive over long periods. We hypothesized that these plants could harbor novel and valuable genes for enhancing drought stress resistance.

Periplasmic carbonic anhydrase CAH1 contributes to high inorganic carbon affinity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Carbonic anhydrase (CA), an enzyme conserved across species, is pivotal in the interconversion of inorganic carbon (Ci; CO2, and HCO3-). Compared to the well-studied intracellular CA, the specific role of extracellular CA in photosynthetic organisms is still not well understood. In the green alga Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), carbonic anhydrase 1 (CAH1), located at the periplasmic space, is strongly induced under CO2-limiting conditions by the Myb transcription factor LCR1.

Functional data analysis-based yield modeling in year-round crop cultivation.

Crop yield prediction is essential for effective agricultural management. We introduce a methodology for modeling the relationship between environmental parameters and crop yield in longitudinal crop cultivation, exemplified by strawberry and tomato production based on year-round cultivation. Employing functional data analysis (FDA), we developed a model to assess the impact of these factors on crop yield, particularly in the face of environmental fluctuation.

Transcriptome analysis of the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) during larval metamorphosis.

Background: Anguillid eels spend their larval period as leptocephalus larvae that have a unique and specialized body form with leaf-like and transparent features, and they undergo drastic metamorphosis to juvenile glass eels. Less is known about the transition of leptocephali to the glass eel stage, because it is difficult to catch the metamorphosing larvae in the open ocean. However, recent advances in rearing techniques for the Japanese eel have made it possible to study the larval metamorphosis of anguillid eels.

Genomic traces of Japanese malting barley breeding in two modern high-quality cultivars, 'Sukai Golden' and 'Sachiho Golden'.

Two modern high-quality Japanese malting barley cultivars, 'Sukai Golden' and 'Sachiho Golden', were subjected to RNA-sequencing of transcripts extracted from 20-day-old immature seeds. Despite their close relation, 2,419 Sukai Golden-specific and 3,058 Sachiho Golden-specific SNPs were detected in comparison to the genome sequences of two reference cultivars: 'Morex' and 'Haruna Nijo'. Two single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) clusters respectively showing the incorporation of (1) the barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) resistance gene from six-row non-malting Chinese landrace Mokusekko 3 on the long arm of 3H, and (2) the anthocyanin-less gene from a two-row Dutch cultivar on the long arm of 2H were detected specifically in 'Sukai Golden'.

High-efficiency genome editing by Cas12a ribonucleoprotein complex in Euglena gracilis.

Transgene-free genome editing based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology is key to achieving genetic engineering in microalgae for basic research and industrial applications. Euglena gracilis, a unicellular phytoflagellate microalga, is a promising biomaterial for foods, feeds, cosmetics and biofuels. However, methods for the genetic manipulation of E.

The 33rd International Conference on Arabidopsis Research (ICAR2023).

The 33rd International Conference on Arabidopsis Research (ICAR2023) was held at Makuhari Messe International Conference Hall in Chiba prefecture from June 5 to 9, 2023. This annual conference, which rotates among hosts in North America, Asia-Oceania, and Europe, covers the full range of plant biology research involving Arabidopsis and other plant species. The conference hosted more than 1200 participants, including approximately 800 international attendees from 42 countries (or regions), and featured about 900 oral and poster presentations.

Illuminating the diversity of carotenoids in microalgal eyespots and phototaxis.

Photosynthetic organisms biosynthesize various carotenoids, a group of light-absorbing isoprenoid pigments that have key functions in photosynthesis, photoprotection, and phototaxis. Microalgae, in particular, contain diverse carotenoids and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways as a consequence of the various endosymbiotic events in their evolutionary history. Carotenoids such as astaxanthin, diadinoxanthin, and fucoxanthin are unique to algae.

A metabolome genome-wide association study implicates histidine -pi-methyltransferase as a key enzyme in -methylhistidine biosynthesis in .

A genome-wide association study (GWAS), which uses information on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from many accessions, has become a powerful approach to gene identification. A metabolome GWAS (mGWAS), which relies on phenotypic information based on metabolite accumulation, can identify genes that contribute to primary and secondary metabolite contents. In this study, we carried out a mGWAS using seed metabolomic data from accessions obtained by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify SNPs highly associated with the contents of metabolites such as glucosinolates.

MORE PANICLES 3, a natural allele of OsTB1/FC1, impacts rice yield in paddy fields at elevated CO levels.

Improving crop yield potential through an enhanced response to rising atmospheric CO levels is an effective strategy for sustainable crop production in the face of climate change. Large-sized panicles (containing many spikelets per panicle) have been a recent ideal plant architecture (IPA) for high-yield rice breeding. However, few breeding programs have proposed an IPA under the projected climate change.

Zeaxanthin is required for eyespot formation and phototaxis in Euglena gracilis.

The eyespot apparatus is an organelle that forms carotenoid-rich globules in diverse flagellated microalgae and functions in phototaxis. The euglenophytes have structurally and functionally distinct eyespot apparatuses from chlorophytes. β-Carotene is the most abundant pigment detected in chlorophytes' eyespots, while xanthophylls such as zeaxanthin and diadinoxanthin have been suggested to function in euglenophytes' eyespots.

Exome-wide variation in a diverse barley panel reveals genetic associations with ten agronomic traits in Eastern landraces.

Barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) is one of the first crops to be domesticated and is adapted to a wide range of environments. Worldwide barley germplasm collections possess valuable allelic variations that could further improve barley productivity.

ER Stress and the Unfolded Protein Response: Homeostatic Regulation Coordinate Plant Survival and Growth.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a eukaryotic organelle, is the major site of protein biosynthesis. The disturbance of ER function by biotic or abiotic stress triggers the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the ER. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is the best-studied ER stress response.

Time-series transcriptome of during bacterial flagellin-induced pattern-triggered immunity.

Plants protect themselves from microorganisms by inducing pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) recognizing microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), conserved across many microbes. Although the MAMP perception mechanism and initial events during PTI have been well-characterized, knowledge of the transcriptomic changes in plants, especially monocots, is limited during the intermediate and terminal stages of PTI. Here, we report a time-series high-resolution RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis during PTI in the leaf disks of .

Secreted Glycosyltransferase RsIA_GT of AG-1 IA Inhibits Defense Responses in .

Anastomosis group AG-1 IA of Khün has a wide host range and threatens crop production. Various glycosyltransferases secreted by phytopathogenic fungi play an essential role in pathogenicity. Previously, we identified a glycosyltransferase RsIA_GT (AG11A_09161) as a secreted protein-encoding gene of AG-1 IA, whose expression levels increased during infection in rice.