Bacteriophage-based biosensors technology: Materials, fabrications, efficiencies and shortcomings.

Unlabelled: Ongoing research in biosensor technologies has led to advanced functional materials for healthcare diagnostics, and bacteriophages (phages), demonstrating exceptional utility due to their high specificity, accuracy, rapid, label-free, and wireless detection capabilities with minimal false-positive results. Phage-based-pathogen-detecting biosensors (PBPDBs) include surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, magnetoelastic (ME), electrochemical, and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensors. Commonly used substrates for PBPDBs are gold, silicon, glass, carbon-based materials, magnetic particles, and quantum dots.

Public health implications of antibiotic resistance in sewage water: an epidemiological perspective.

The emergence and rapid spread of antibiotic resistance pose a major threat to global health, attributing to misuse and overuse of antibiotics resulting in antibiotics-resistant bacteria through natural mutation or transfer of resistance genes. A cross-sectional study was carried out, in which a total of 36 samples were systematically collected; of these, 26 were derived from the wastewater efflux and 10 from the receiving waters at several critical junctures along the Sutlej River. Herein, this study elucidated elevated levels of antibiotic resistance among bacterial isolates sourced from urban wastewater.

Eco-smart biocontrol strategies utilizing potent microbes for sustainable management of phytopathogenic diseases.

Plants have an impact on the economy because they are used in the food and medical industries. Plants are a source of macro- and micronutrients for the health of humans and animals; however, the rise in microbial diseases has put plant health and yield at risk. Because there are insufficient controls, microbial infections annually impact approximately 25 % of the world's plant crops.

Computational exploration and molecular dynamic simulation for the discovery of antiviral agents targeting Newcastle disease virus.

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a highly infectious viral disease that impacts birds globally, especially domestic poultry. NDV is a type of avian paramyxovirus which poses a major threat to the poultry industry due to its ability to inflict significant economic damage. The membrane protein, Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase (HN) of NDV is an attractive therapeutic candidate.

Exploring the historical roots, advantages and efficacy of phage therapy in plant diseases management.

In the drug-resistance era, phage therapy has received considerable attention from worldwide researchers. Phage therapy has been given much attention in public health but is rarely applied to control plant diseases. Herein, we discuss phage therapy as a biocontrol approach against several plant diseases.

Revolutionizing Treatment Strategies for Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders: The Impact of Dipeptidyl-Peptidase 4 Inhibitors.

DPP4 (Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4) a versatile protease, emerges as a prominent player in soluble and membrane-bound forms. Its heightened expression has been intimately linked to the initiation and severity of diverse autoimmune diseases, spanning rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis (SSc), inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune diabetes, and even SARS-CoV-2 infection. Operating as a co-stimulator of T cell activity, DPP4 propels T cell proliferation by binding adenosine deaminase (ADA), thereby augmenting the breakdown of adenosine-an influential inhibitor of T cell proliferation.

Identification of Natural Lead Compounds against Hemagglutinin-Esterase Surface Glycoprotein in Human Coronaviruses Investigated via MD Simulation, Principal Component Analysis, Cross-Correlation, H-Bond Plot and MMGBSA.

The pandemic outbreak of human coronavirus is a global health concern that affects people of all ages and genders, but there is currently still no effective, approved and potential drug against human coronavirus, as many other coronavirus vaccines have serious side effects while the development of small antiviral inhibitors has gained tremendous attention. For this research, HE was used as a therapeutic target, as the spike protein displays a high binding affinity for both host ACE2 and viral HE glycoprotein. Molecular docking, pharmacophore modelling and virtual screening of 38,000 natural compounds were employed to find out the best natural inhibitor against human coronaviruses with more efficiency and fewer side effects and further evaluated via MD simulation, PCA, DCCR and MMGBSA.

Whole-genome sequence of a putative pathogenic Bacillus sp. strain SD-4 isolated from cattle feed.

Objectives: The present study describes the draft genome sequence of a novel Bacillus sp. strain SD-4 isolated from animal feed. The study aims to get a deeper insight into antimicrobial resistance and secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and the association between them.

Improved Production of Xylanase in and Its Application in Xylose Production From Xylan.

Xylanases with high specific activity has been focused with great interest as a useful enzyme in biomass utilization. The production of recombinant GH11 xylanase (MYCTH_56237) from has been improved through N-terminal signal peptide engineering in . The production of newly recombinant xylanase (termed Mtxyn11C) was improved from 442.

Characterization of dengue virus in and spp. of mosquitoes: A study in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Dengue is a vector-borne disease caused by dengue virus. According to the recent report of CDC that one-third population of the world are at high risk with Dengue fever. The prevalence of the dengue hemorrhagic fever was found more in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world.

Role of the fungus-specific flavin carrier Flc1 in antifungal resistance in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.

FLC family, a conserved fungus-specific family of integral membrane proteins, has been demonstrated to play important roles in flavin transport, growth, and virulence in several fungi but not yet in Cryptococcus neoformans. In this study, we have identified the single homologue of flavin adenine dinucleotide transporter in the opportunistic pathogen C. neoformans.

Genome-Wide Identification of circRNAs in Pathogenic Basidiomycetous Yeast Cryptococcus neoformans Suggests Conserved circRNA Host Genes over Kingdoms.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel class of ubiquitous and intriguing noncoding RNA, have been found in a number of eukaryotes but not yet basidiomycetes. In this study, we identified 73 circRNAs from 39.28 million filtered RNA reads from the basidiomycete JEC21 using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the bioinformatics tool circular RNA identification (CIRI).

Characterization of Two Endo-β-1, 4-Xylanases from and Their Saccharification Efficiencies, Synergistic with Commercial Cellulase.

The xylanases with high specific activity and resistance to harsh conditions are of high practical value for biomass utilization. In the present study, two new GH11 xylanase genes, and , have been cloned from thermophilic fungus and expressed in . The specific activities of purified xylanases reach approximately 1,533.

Thermophilic xylanases: from bench to bottle.

Lignocellulosic biomass is a valuable raw material. As technology has evolved, industrial interest in new ways to take advantage of this raw material has grown. Biomass is treated with different microbial cells or enzymes under ideal industrial conditions to produce the desired products.

Identification of a basidiomycete-specific Vilse-like GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) and its roles in the production of virulence factors in Cryptococcus neoformans.

Cryptococcus neoformans is a basidiomycetous pathogenic yeast that causes fatal infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Regulation on the production of its virulence factors is not fully understood. Here we reported the characterization of a gene, named CVH1(CNA06260), encoding a Drosophila Vilse-like RhoGAP homolog, which is hallmarked by three conserved functional domains: WW, MyTH4 and RhoGAP.

First report on molecular characterization of Leishmania species from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Objective: To report presence of Leishmania major in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan, where cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic and was thought to be caused by Leishmania tropica only.

Methods: Biopsy samples from 432 CL suspected patients were collected from 3 southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during years 2011-2016. Microscopy on Giemsa stained slides were done followed by amplification of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 gene.

Bacterial Contribution in Chronicity of Wounds.

A wound is damage of a tissue usually caused by laceration of a membrane, generally the skin. Wound healing is accomplished in three stages in healthy individuals, including inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling stages. Healing of wounds normally starts from the inflammatory phase and ends up in the remodeling phase, but chronic wounds remain in an inflammatory stage and do not show progression due to some specific reasons.

Geographic distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in pakistan.

Background: Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) genotypes may be changed over time. Epidemiological Studies on distribution patterns of HCV genotypes in Pakistani population might assist for better treatment options and preventive strategies.

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine distribution patterns of HCV genotypes in different geographical regions of Pakistan.