Lifetime history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is associated with shorter sleep duration and more sleep disturbance in midlife: results from the Project Viva women's health cohort.

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are associated with worse prenatal and perinatal sleep health and higher cardiovascular disease risk beyond the peripartum period. The relationship of HDP with sleep health in midlife, when sleep problems are common, remains unclear.

Methods: We studied women enrolled in Project Viva during early pregnancy (1999-2002) with sleep outcomes assessed in midlife (2017-2024).

The Interplay of Dietary Choline and Methyl Donors in Modulating Maternal Inflammation: Insights from Project Viva.

Background: Inflammation during pregnancy is an important contributor to maternal and offspring morbidity and mortality. Evidence from both nonpregnant human and animal studies suggests that dietary choline can attenuate inflammation, but this has not yet been explored in human pregnancy.

Objectives: This study explored the cross-sectional associations between maternal mid-pregnancy dietary choline intake and inflammation biomarkers, specifically IL-6, tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP), while also examining the modifying effects of other methyl donor nutrients.

Associations of Infant Colic and Excessive Crying With Atopic Outcomes in Childhood and Adolescence.

Objective: To assess the extent to which risks of atopic and respiratory conditions throughout childhood and adolescence differ by history of (1) infant colic, characterized by apparent abdominal discomfort and unsoothable crying, (2) excessive crying without colic, or (3) neither condition.

Study Design: Among 1249 children participating in the prospective, unselected Project Viva cohort, we examined associations of history of infant colic or excessive crying without colic with risks of eczema, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and respiratory infections, measured in toddlerhood, early childhood, mid-childhood, early adolescence, and mid-adolescence using multinomial logistic regression models.

Results: The study sample was 50% female and 71% non-Hispanic White; 26% had colic and 9% excessive crying.

Associations of Gestational Exposure to Air Pollution With Maternal Vitamin D Levels: A Meta-Analysis.

Context: Maternal vitamin D level is an important determinant of pregnancy and child health outcomes. Exposure to air pollution is suspected to increase the risk of vitamin D deficiency, but the evidence is scarce.

Objective: We investigated the association between air pollution during pregnancy and maternal vitamin D levels.

Associations Between Prenatal Blood Metals and Vitamins and Cord Blood Peptide Hormone Concentrations.

Background: Nonessential metals have endocrine disrupting properties, interfere with cellular processes, generate reactive oxygen and deplete antioxidants, while essential metals and vitamins act as antioxidants. The extent to which prenatal metals and vitamins are associated with cord blood hormones involved in maternal and fetal metabolic and growth processes is unknown.

Methods: We measured six nonessential (arsenic, barium, cadmium, cesium, lead, mercury) and four essential (magnesium, manganese, selenium, zinc) metals and trace elements, and two vitamins (B12 and folate) in first trimester blood from participants in the longitudinal pre-birth Project Viva cohort, who were recruited between 1999-2002 in eastern Massachusetts.

History of Infertility and Midlife Cardiovascular Health in Female Individuals.

Importance: Fertility status is a marker for future health, and infertility has been associated with risk for later cancer and diabetes, but associations with midlife cardiovascular health (CVH) in female individuals remain understudied.

Objective: To evaluate the association of infertility history with CVH at midlife (approximately age 50 years) among parous individuals.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Project Viva is a prospective cohort study of pregnant participants enrolled between 1999 and 2002 who delivered a singleton live birth in the greater Boston, Massachusetts, area.

Opportunities for Examining Child Health Impacts of Early-Life Nutrition in the ECHO Program: Maternal and Child Dietary Intake Data from Pregnancy to Adolescence.

Background: Longitudinal measures of diet spanning pregnancy through adolescence are needed from a large, diverse sample to advance research on the effect of early-life nutrition on child health. The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, which includes 69 cohorts, >33,000 pregnancies, and >31,000 children in its first 7-y cycle, provides such data, now publicly available.

Objectives: This study aimed to describe dietary intake data available in the ECHO Program as of 31 August, 2022 (end of year 6 of Cycle 1) from pregnancy through adolescence, including estimated sample sizes, and to highlight the potential for future analyses of nutrition and child health.

Identifying Foods That Optimize Intake of Key Micronutrients During Pregnancy.

Background: Most pregnant women in the United States are at risk of inadequate intake of vitamin A, vitamin D, folic acid, calcium, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids from foods alone. Very few United States dietary supplements provide sufficient doses of all 6 nutrients without inducing excess intake.

Objective: We aimed to identify energy-efficient foods that provide sufficient doses of these nutrients and could be consumed in lieu of dietary supplements to achieve the recommended intake in pregnancy.

Greater Gestational Vitamin D Status is Associated with Reduced Childhood Behavioral Problems in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes Program.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is common in pregnancy. Vitamin D plays an important role in the developing brain, and deficiency may impair childhood behavioral development.

Objectives: This study examined the relationship between gestational 25(OH)D concentrations and childhood behavior in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program.

Selecting a dietary supplement with appropriate dosing for 6 key nutrients in pregnancy.

Background: Most pregnant women in the United States (US) are at risk of inadequate intake of key nutrients during pregnancy from foods alone. Current dietary supplement practices reduce risk of inadequacy for only some nutrients and induce excessive intake of other nutrients.

Objectives: Our study aimed to estimate the doses of supplementation needed to help most pregnant women achieve the recommended intake without exceeding upper limits for key prenatal nutrients and to identify US dietary supplements providing these doses.

Early Childhood Lutein and Zeaxanthin Intake Is Positively Associated with Early Childhood Receptive Vocabulary and Mid-Childhood Executive Function But No Other Cognitive or Behavioral Outcomes in Project Viva.

Background: Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoids associated with better cognition in older adults. Recent evidence suggests that their dietary intake may also have cognitive implications in childhood.

Objective: The aim was to examine associations of early childhood lutein and zeaxanthin (L/Z) intake with cognition in early and mid-childhood.

Timing of Cow's Milk Protein Introduction and Childhood Adverse Reactions to Cow's Milk.

Background: Current guidelines emphasize early introduction to potentially allergenic foods, but the optimal timing, amount, and exposure routes for foods other than peanut are not well-established. Cow's milk is often the first allergenic food introduced through infant formulas.

Objective: To examine timing of cow's milk protein introduction (CMPI), including interaction with formula supplementation after delivery, in relation to reported cow's milk adverse reactions throughout childhood.

Association of cow's milk intake in early childhood with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk in early adolescence.

Background: Prior studies have provided conflicting evidence regarding associations of pediatric milk consumption with subsequent adiposity.

Objectives: We aimed to estimate associations of the consumption frequency and fat content of early childhood milk intake with early adolescent adiposity and cardiometabolic risk.

Methods: We analyzed data collected prospectively from 796 children in Project Viva, a Boston-area prebirth cohort.

Estimated causal effects of complementary feeding behaviors on early childhood diet quality in a US cohort.

Background: Complementary feeding (CF) provides an opportunity to shape children's future dietary habits, setting the foundation for good nutrition and health.

Objectives: We estimated effects of 3 CF behaviors on early childhood diet quality using inverse probability (IP) weighting of marginal structural models (MSMs).

Methods: Among 1041 children from the Boston-area Project Viva cohort, we estimated effects on the mean Youth Healthy Eating Index (YHEI) score in early childhood of 1) delayed (≥12 mo) compared with early (<12 mo) introduction of sweets and fruit juice; 2) continued compared with ceased offering of initially refused foods; and 3) early (<12 mo) compared with late (≥12 mo) introduction of flavor/texture variety.

Early-Life Factors Are Associated with Vitamin D Status in Early and Mid-Childhood and May Differ between White and Black Children.

Background: Suboptimal vitamin D (VitD) status has been associated with poor bone health and other adverse health outcomes and is common among children. Various early-life factors are associated with child VitD, yet few studies have examined multiple factors simultaneously in a single study population.

Objectives: We aimed to characterize relations of early-life factors with plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in early and mid-childhood, and to explore potential differences in these associations between white and black children.