Interactive 3D segmentation for primary gross tumor volume in oropharyngeal cancer.

Radiotherapy is the main treatment modality of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), in which an accurate segmentation of primary gross tumor volume (GTVt) is essential but also challenging due to significant interobserver variability and the time consumed in manual tumor delineation. For such a challenge an interactive deep learning (DL) based approach offers the advantage of automatic high-performance segmentation with the flexibility for user correction when necessary. In this study, we investigate an interactive DL for GTVt segmentation in OPC by introducing a novel two-stage Interactive Click Refinement (2S-ICR) framework and implementing state-of-the-art algorithms.

ESR Essentials: acute infections of the head and neck-practice recommendations by the European Society of Head and Neck Radiology.

Acute head and neck infections are common in the population and can have serious complications. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are necessary to avoid morbidity and mortality. Imaging is not indicated for uncomplicated acute rhinosinusitis, otomastoiditis, or limited face and neck soft tissue infections (such as tonsillar or odontogenic infections).

Effects of reducing sedentary behaviour on renal glucose uptake during insulin stimulation: A post-hoc analysis of a 6-month randomized controlled trial.

Aims: Obesity is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease, and weight loss interventions lead to better kidney outcomes. We aimed to assess whether reducing sedentary behaviour in patients with metabolic syndrome impacts renal glucose uptake rate (GU) during insulin stimulation.

Materials And Methods: Forty-four participants with metabolic syndrome were randomized to receive either guidance to reduce sedentary behaviour (INT) by 1 h/day during a 6-month intervention or to maintain usual sedentary behaviour (CONT).

The Effect of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Imaging With Weight-Bearing Feature on the Treatment of Foot and Ankle Patients: A Retrospective Follow-Up of 333 Cases.

IntroductionWeight-bearing cone-beam computed tomography (WBCT) allows 3D imaging with full weight-bearing, providing a detailed evaluation of foot and ankle pathologies. WBCT has gained applications in numerous areas of foot and ankle surgery. This study aimed to analyze the effect of WBCT imaging on treating various foot and ankle patients.

Deep learning detects retropharyngeal edema on MRI in patients with acute neck infections.

Background: In acute neck infections, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows retropharyngeal edema (RPE), which is a prognostic imaging biomarker for a severe course of illness. This study aimed to develop a deep learning-based algorithm for the automated detection of RPE.

Methods: We developed a deep neural network consisting of two parts using axial T2-weighted water-only Dixon MRI images from 479 patients with acute neck infections annotated by radiologists at both slice and patient levels.

Comparative accuracy of two commercial AI algorithms for musculoskeletal trauma detection in emergency radiographs.

Purpose: Missed fractures are the primary cause of interpretation errors in emergency radiology, and artificial intelligence has recently shown great promise in radiograph interpretation. This study compared the diagnostic performance of two AI algorithms, BoneView and RBfracture, in detecting traumatic abnormalities (fractures and dislocations) in MSK radiographs.

Methods: AI algorithms analyzed 998 radiographs (585 normal, 413 abnormal), against the consensus of two MSK specialists.

Entrustable professional activities in Finnish radiology training: a national survey.

Objectives: This study assessed the practical implementation, experiences, and attitudes toward entrustable professional activities (EPAs) in radiology training across Finland.

Methods: A nationwide, anonymous online survey targeted radiology residents, recently graduated specialists (within 3 years), and instructor specialists. Distributed to all Finnish hospitals involved in radiology training, the survey evaluated EPA completion rates, perceived value, and future development needs.

Workplace equity in radiology: a nationwide survey by the Radiological Society of Finland.

Objectives: The issue of equity among medical professionals has been extensively discussed in recent literature. Gender inequity, in particular, is a well-documented phenomenon within scientific communities. The Radiological Society of Finland undertook a national survey to assess equity among radiologists in Finland, with the primary hypothesis of equity prevailing in the radiological community.

Effects of reducing sedentary behavior on liver insulin sensitivity, liver fat content, and liver enzyme levels: a six-month randomized controlled trial.

Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of developing noncommunicable diseases such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. The aim was to investigate the effects of sedentary behavior (SB) reduction on liver glucose uptake (LGU), endogenous glucose production (EGP), liver fat content (LFC), and liver enzyme levels [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyltransferase]. Forty-four sedentary (daily SB time ≥ 10 h), physically inactive middle-aged adults with metabolic syndrome were randomized into intervention (INT; = 23, 21 completed) and control (CON; = 21, 19 completed) groups.

MRI-based risk factors for intensive care unit admissions in acute neck infections.

Objectives: We assessed risk factors and developed a score to predict intensive care unit (ICU) admissions using MRI findings and clinical data in acute neck infections.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with MRI-confirmed acute neck infection. Abscess diameters were measured on post-gadolinium T1-weighted Dixon MRI, and specific edema patterns, retropharyngeal (RPE) and mediastinal edema, were assessed on fat-suppressed T2-weighted Dixon MRI.

Pleasurable music activates cerebral µ-opioid receptors: a combined PET-fMRI study.

Purpose: The μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system mediates incentive motivation and the hedonic component of primary rewards such as food and sex. However, there is no direct in vivo evidence for the involvement of the MOR system in pleasure derived from aesthetic rewards such as music.  METHODS: We measured MOR availability with positron emission tomography (PET) and the agonist radioligand [C]carfentanil with high affinity for MORs during the listening of pleasurable music and neutral baseline condition.

International multispecialty expert physician preoperative identification of extranodal extension in patients with oropharyngeal cancer using computed tomography: Prospective blinded human inter-observer performance evaluation.

Background: Pathologic extranodal extension (pENE) is a crucial prognostic factor in oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), but determining pENE from imaging has high inter-observer variability. The role of clinician specialty in the accuracy of imaging-detected extranodal extension (iENE) remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to assess the influence of clinician specialty on the accuracy of preoperative iENE detection in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive OPC using computed tomography (CT) imaging.

Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models for Automated Protocoling of Emergency Brain MRI Using Text from Clinical Referrals.

Purpose To develop and evaluate machine learning and deep learning-based models for automated protocoling of emergency brain MRI scans based on clinical referral text. Materials and Methods In this single-institution, retrospective study of 1953 emergency brain MRI referrals from January 2016 to January 2019, two neuroradiologists labeled the imaging protocol and use of contrast agent as the reference standard. Three machine learning algorithms (naive Bayes, support vector machine, and XGBoost) and two pretrained deep learning models (Finnish bidirectional encoder representations from transformers [BERT] and generative pretrained transformer [GPT]-3.

Reward responses to vicarious feeding depend on body mass index.

Eating is inherently social for humans. Yet, most neuroimaging studies of appetite and food-induced reward have focused on studying brain responses to food intake or viewing pictures of food alone. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure haemodynamic responses to "vicarious" feeding.

An international survey of diffusion and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging implementation in the head and neck.

Objective: The goal of this international survey was to understand how diffusion (DWI) and perfusion imaging (PWI) are being applied to clinical head and neck imaging.

Methods And Materials: An online questionnaire focusing on acquisition, clinical indications, analysis, and reporting of qualitative DWI (QlDWI), quantitative DWI (QnDWI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced PWI (DCE-PWI) in the head and neck was circulated to members of the American Society of Head and Neck Radiology (ASHNR) and European Society of Head and Neck Radiology (ESHNR) over a 3-month period. Descriptive statistics and group comparisons were calculated with SPSS® v27.

Odontogenic neck abscesses caused by Streptococcus anginosus group bacteria: emergency MRI findings.

Objective: Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) bacteria have been associated with severe illness in patients with odontogenic neck abscesses. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers excellent diagnostic accuracy in neck abscesses. We sought to explore whether MRI findings could predict SAG-positivity.

Anorexia nervosa is associated with higher brain mu-opioid receptor availability.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder, characterized by restricted eating, fear to gain weight, and a distorted body image. Mu-opioid receptor (MOR) functions as a part of complex opioid system and supports both homeostatic and hedonic control of eating behavior. Thirteen patients with AN and thirteen healthy controls (HC) were included in this study.

Correction: Huhtanen et al. Discrepancies between Radiology Specialists and Residents in Fracture Detection from Musculoskeletal Radiographs. Diagnostics 2023, , 3207.

Regarding our publication, entitled "Discrepancies between Radiology Specialists and Residents in Fracture Detection from Musculoskeletal Radiographs" [...

Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI for Orbital and Intracranial Invasion of Sinonasal Malignancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: In this study, we review the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting orbital and intracranial invasion of sinonasal malignancies (SNMs) using histopathological and surgical evidence as the reference standard. : A systematic search of studies in English was conducted in MEDLINE and Embase, limited to articles published since 1990. We included studies using preoperative MRI to detect the intracranial and orbital invasion of SNMs, with histological or surgical confirmation as the reference standard, and reported patient numbers in each class as required to assess diagnostic accuracy.

Clinical features and treatment of stroke-like episodes in mitochondrial disease: a cohort-based study.

Background: Stroke-like episode (SLE) is a subacute evolving brain syndrome in patients with primary mitochondrial diseases. Despite previous research, the understanding of the clinical spectrum, treatment, and outcomes of mitochondrial SLEs is far from complete. In this single centre study, we report the clinical symptoms and radiological findings as well as the medical treatment and outcomes of SLEs in patients with mitochondrial disease.

Imaging Outcomes of MRI After CT in Pediatric Spinal Trauma: A Single-center Experience.

Background: Imaging has an essential role in the diagnostic workup of suspected pediatric spinal trauma. The most suitable imaging method is still being debated and needs to be considered regarding the patient, injury, and local resources. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often performed after computed tomography (CT) in case of neurological symptoms or suspected ligamentous disruption.

Impaired Gait, Postural Instability, and Rigidity in Relation to CB1 Receptor Availability in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: In Parkinson's disease (PD), postural instability and gait disorder (PIGD) symptoms are associated with a worse prognosis for an unknown reason.

Objective: The objective was to explore the relationship between cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) availability and motor symptoms in PD with [F]FMPEP-d positron emission tomography (PET).

Methods: Fifteen individuals with PD underwent [F]FMPEP-d PET to measure cerebral CB1R availability.