Progress and challenge in the risk management of food additives.

In the context of global food safety and public health, the safe, scientific, and rational use of food additives has become a focal point for governments, the food industry, and consumers. This review summarizes the current status ofinternational risk management of food additives, including safety evaluation, technicalnecessity management, and food label practices, highlighting that governments and regulatory agencies have establishedstrict approval processes and ongoing safety evaluation mechanisms to ensure additive use adheres to safety and necessity principles. It also analyzes the main challenges currently faced, such as increased exposure risks due to changing dietary patterns, non-compliant labeling practices, and public trust crises.

Ozone Exposure Induces Prediabetic Symptoms Through Hepatic Glycogen Metabolism and Insulin Resistance.

(1) Background: Epidemiological studies link ozone (O) exposure to diabetes risk, but mechanisms and early biomarkers remain unclear. (2) Methods: Female mice exposed to 0.5/1.

Transgenerational hepatotoxicity induced by bisphenol B as a substitute for bisphenol A.

Accumulating evidence identifies bisphenol A (BPA) as an endocrine disruptor with demonstrated hepatotoxicity, driving the adoption of structural analogs like bisphenol B (BPB). Pregnancy constitutes a critical developmental window for endocrine disruptor-mediated hepatotoxicity in offspring. However, systematic toxicity evidence about BPB exposure-induced transgenerational hepatotoxicity in offspring remains scarce, and the regulatory mechanisms need to be further explored.

Abnormal liver lipid metabolism in adult offspring induced by prenatal ozone exposure.

The health impacts of ozone (O) remain vastly underestimated, particularly regarding the transgenerational effects of prenatal O exposure on offspring hepatic lipid metabolism, which has rarely been investigated. This study established a dose-dependent prenatal O exposure mouse model (0, 0.5, and 1.

ChCpc1, a bZIP transcription factor, coordinates amino acid synthesis and autophagy and modulates conidiation and virulence in .

, a fungal plant pathogen, is the causal agent of southern corn leaf blight. The bZIP transcription factor Cpc1 is required for response to oxidative stress and amino acid starvation in the saprobe, , and the human pathogen, . However, although conserved in fungal plant pathogens, Cpc1 function and regulatory mechanisms are still largely unknown.

Global burden and trends of hematologic malignancies based on Global Cancer Observatory 2022 and Global Burden of Disease 2021.

Background: Hematologic malignancies are one of the most common types of cancer. This study aims to assess the global burden of hematologic malignancies and analyze the global epidemiological trends.

Methods: Through the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) and the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) 2022 project, we comprehensively evaluated the global prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of seven major hematologic malignancies, as well as their respective age-standardized rates (ASR) per 100,000 population.

Electronic Structure Modulation of NbO by Ru Single Atoms Enabling Efficient Hydrogen Storage of Magnesium Hydrides.

Magnesium hydride (MgH) is a promising solid-state hydrogen storage material due to its high capacity and low cost, but its high dehydrogenation temperature and poor kinetic limit its applications. Although catalytic modification of MgH has been extensively studied, existing efforts focus on optimizing hydrogen transfer, with limited exploration of electron transfer and transport. This study investigated the enhancement of electron transfer and transport rates during MgH de/hydrogenation by introducing a single-atom catalyst composed of Ru single atoms on a NbO substrate.

Zearalenone Exposure Damages Skeletal Muscle Through Oxidative Stress and Is Alleviated by Glutathione, Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, and Melatonin.

Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin, is toxic to skeletal muscle, and the solution to alleviate its damage remains unknown. Here, we analyzed the toxic effect of ZEN on muscle and the mitigation of antioxidants (GSH, NMN, and melatonin) for this toxicity. The results showed that 0.

Type 3 resistant starch prepared from euryale ferox alleviated the obesity symptoms via gut microbiota regulation.

The type 3 resistant starch (RS3) was obtained from euryale ferox through enzymolysis-autoclaving. The effects of euryale ferox RS3 (ERS) on the body weight, lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and gut microbiota composition of golden hamsters administered a high-fat diet were determined to assess the potential role of ERS in inhibiting obesity. The purified ERS was in the B + V-type crystal form, which has a great anti-enzymatic structure.

Type 3 resistant starch prepared from jackfruit alleviated the hyperlipidemia via gut microbiota regulation.

Although resistant starch (RS) isolated from raw starch exhibits established regulatory effects on the mouse gut microbiota and associated hyperlipidemia, critical questions persist regarding RS in heated foods - the predominant form in the human diets, namely, the role of RS from heated food in the regulation of hyperlipidemia through gut microbiota is still unclear. This study evaluated the effects of a RS (jackfruit heated resistant starch, JFRS3) from heat-treated jackfruit native starch (JFNS) on hyperlipidemia in golden hamster gut microbes. Compared with JFNS, JFRS3 developed an irregular block-like shape with numerous grooves, exhibited more ordered structures (R: 2.

Quantitative Analysis of Wettability and Its Transition Mechanism in Carbonate Rocks Based on Surface Energy Characterization.

Wettability significantly influences crude oil occurrence within reservoirs and hydrocarbon recovery efficiency. Carbonate rock wettability undergoes substantial alteration under elevated temperatures or asphalt adsorption. To quantitatively assess the impacts of temperature and asphalt on carbonate wettability and analyze its transformation mechanisms, inverse gas chromatography was employed to measure surface energy of Ordovician carbonate samples from Tahe Oilfield across 30-130 °C.

Mitochondrial Genome Insights into Evolution and Gene Regulation in .

As a globally distributed perennial Gramineae, can adapt to harsh ecological environments and has significant economic and environmental values. Here, we performed a complete assembly and annotation of the mitogenome of using genomic data from the PacBio and BGI platforms. The mitogenome is a multibranched structure of 501,134 bp, divided into two circular chromosomes of 325,493 bp and 175,641 bp, respectively.

Minute-Level Room-Temperature Switching and Long Cycle Stability of Thermochromic Inorganic Perovskite Smart Windows.

Perovskite smart windows (PSWs) are widely investigated owing to excellent thermochromic properties, while restricted by poor transition performance and cycle stability. Herein, dimethyl sulfoxide vapor is utilized as an induction reagent for rapid reversible switching at room temperature between the colored and bleached phases. To obtain PSWs with different optical properties and transition performance, red CsPbIBr, yellow RbCsPbIBr and brown CsSnPbIBr are prepared through alloying.

The composition and bioactivity of bound polyphenols from coffee dietary fiber during in vitro Simulating digestion.

Dietary fiber from coffee peel is rich in bound polyphenols good for human health due to the antioxidant activity. In this study, we evaluated the bound polyphenol release conditions and activities in coffee peel soluble dietary fiber (CPSDF) in the process of in vitro simulation digestion. The CPSDF structure became loose and porous due to simulated digestion but retained the polysaccharide backbone.

Maternal bisphenol A (BPA) exposure induces placental dysfunction and health risk in adult female offspring: Insights from a mouse model.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor that poses multiple risks to human health. In particular, the potential adverse effects of maternal exposure to BPA on offspring warrant further investigation. In this study, pregnant mice were exposed to BPA throughout gestation and the effects of BPA on placental function, fetal development, and health risks in adult offspring were assessed.

Garlic peel extract as an antioxidant inhibits triple-negative breast tumor growth and angiogenesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 expression.

Garlic peels are frequently disposed of as agro-waste; their bioactivity and physiological activity for health benefits and disease protection are neglected. This study aims to examine the potential inhibitory effects of garlic peel extract as an antioxidant on 4 T1 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors in mice. The bioactive constituents of garlic peel were identified through HPLC-MS/MS analysis, while the antioxidant properties of garlic peel extract were assessed using peroxyl radical scavenging capacity (PSC) and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assays.

Identification and Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in L. and Its Lipid-Lowering Activity In Vitro.

L. (VU), rich in polyphenols, is an important wild berry resource primarily distributed in extremely cold regions. However, the detailed composition of L.

Biocontrol of rusted root rot in Panax ginseng by a combination of extracts from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YY8 crude protein and Enterobacteriaceae YY115 ethyl acetate.

Background: Rusted root rot is one of the most common root diseases in Panax ginseng, and Cylindrocarpon destructans is one of the main pathogenic fungus. The objective of this study was to screen and explore the extracts of biocontrol bacteria isolated from ginseng rhizosphere soil against Cylindrocarpon destructans.

Results: Bacterial strains Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YY8 and Enterobacteriacea YY115 were isolated and found to exhibit in vitro antifungal activity against C.

Optimization and Characterization of PEG Extraction Process for Tartary Buckwheat-Derived Nanoparticles.

Plant-derived edible nanovesicles serve as crucial nanocarriers for targeted delivery of bioactive substances, including miRNAs and phytochemicals, to specific tissues. They have emerged as a significant focus in precision nutrient delivery research. In this study, Tartary-buckwheat-derived nanoparticles (TBDNs) were isolated and purified using a combination of differential centrifugation and PEG precipitation.

Antagonistic Mechanism Analysis of JLU-1, a Biocontrol Agent of Rice Pathogen .

, the causal agent of rice blast, is a fungal disease pathogen. Bacillus spp. have emerged as the most promising biological control agent alternative to chemical fungicides.

Toxicological evaluation and preliminary exposure assessment on glycerol monocaprylate.

As a commonly used food preservative, glycerol monocaprylate (GMC) has limited information and lacked a comprehensive risk assessment. In this study, we conducted in vitro genotoxicity tests, a 90-day subchronic toxicity study, and dietary exposure assessment in China. Rats (n = 10/sex/group) were orally administered GMC at doses of 1.

Electrically Tunable Multiple-Effects Synergistic and Boosted Photoelectric Performance in Te/WSe Mixed-Dimensional Heterojunction Phototransistors.

Mix-dimensional heterojunctions (MDHJs) photodetectors (PDs) built from bulk and 2D materials are the research focus to develop hetero-integrated and multifunctional optoelectronic sensor systems. However, it is still an open issue for achieving multiple effects synergistic characteristics to boost sensitivity and enrich the prospect in artificial bionic systems. Herein, electrically tunable Te/WSe MDHJs phototransistors are constructed, and an ultralow dark current below 0.

Single-Atom Ni Supported on TiO for Catalyzing Hydrogen Storage in MgH.

As an efficient and clean energy carrier, hydrogen is expected to play a key role in future energy systems. However, hydrogen-storage technology must be safe with a high hydrogen-storage density, which is difficult to achieve. MgH is a promising solid-state hydrogen-storage material owing to its large hydrogen-storage capacity (7.

Infection-specific transcriptional patterns of the maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus unravel genes involved in asexual development and virulence.

Southern corn leaf blight (SCLB) caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus is a destructive disease that threatens global maize (Zea mays) production. Despite many studies being conducted, very little is known about molecular processes employed by the pathogen during infection. There is a need to understand the fungal arms strategy and identify novel functional genes as targets for fungicide development.