Fe Wire-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for Advanced Gas and Vapor Adsorption: Effect of Functional Compatibility on Hierarchical Pore Diffusivity and Atomic Simulation Insights.

This study introduces a novel method for synthesizing a Fe-based metal-organic framework (MOF), leveraging Fe wire as a substrate and an iron precursor source with which to grow MIL-88B(Fe) and MIL-88B(Fe)-NH. This simple in situ approach requires only the addition of a ligand precursor for MOF formation, eliminating the need for an additional metal precursor. The adsorption performance of the developed MOF on the wire is evaluated using polar formaldehyde gas and nonpolar cyclohexane vapor as hazardous model gas/vapor (GV).

Spontaneous formation of robust two-dimensional perovskite phases.

The two-dimensional on three-dimensional (2D/3D) perovskite bilayer heterostructure can improve the stability and performance of perovskite solar cells. We show that the 2D/3D perovskite stack in a device evolves dynamically during its end-of-life decomposition. Initially phase-pure 2D interlayers can evolve differently, resulting in different device stabilities.

Self-sacrificial synthesis of Cu(HHTP) on Cu substrate for recyclable NH gas adsorption with energy-efficient photothermal regeneration.

The efficient adsorption and removal of toxic gases, particularly ammonia (NH), remains a critical challenge in environmental management and industrial safety. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising gas adsorbents due to their tunable structures and high surface area. However, the strong interaction between NH and MOFs poses challenges for the regeneration and reusability of MOF adsorbents, often requiring energy-intensive desorption methods.

Development of Miniprotein-Type Inhibitors of Biofilm Formation in and .

is a pathogenic fungus associated with high-mortality infections and forms resilient biofilms on various surfaces. In this study, we introduced a novel antifungal strategy against by integrating an AI-powered protein design tool, ProteinMPNN, with classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to design artificial proteins from a miniprotein library. This combined approach accelerated and enhanced the design process, enabling the rapid development of effective miniprotein inhibitors specifically targeting biofilm formation.

Differentiating the origins of local charge transfer in oxides and hybrid halides by accumulating charge.

Unveiling the origin of local charge transfer is crucial for advancing electronic devices such as ferroelectric and memristive memories and perovskite solar cells. Exploring charge transfer mechanisms requires sensitive probing of local charge transfer, as electric charges in many materials arise from multiple mechanisms. However, the limited sensitivity of current techniques makes it challenging to unveil the origins of such nanoscale charge behavior.

Stabilization of Organic Cations in Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells Using Phosphine Oxides Derivatives.

Preventing ion migration in perovskite photovoltaics is key to achieving stable and efficient devices. The activation energy for ion migration is affected by the chemical environment surrounding the ions. Thus, the migration of organic cations in lead halide perovskites can be mitigated by engineering their local interactions, for example through hydrogen bonding.

Socioeconomic Disparities in Six Common Cancer Survival Rates in South Korea: Population-Wide Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: In South Korea, the cancer incidence rate has increased by 56.5% from 2001 to 2021. Nevertheless, the 5-year cancer survival rate from 2017 to 2021 increased by 17.

Rainfall Observation Leveraging Raindrop Sounds Acquired Using Waterproof Enclosure: Exploring Optimal Length of Sounds for Frequency Analysis.

This paper proposes a novel method to estimate rainfall intensity by analyzing the sound of raindrops. An innovative device for collecting acoustic data was designed, capable of blocking ambient noise in rainy environments. The device was deployed in real rainfall conditions during both the monsoon season and non-monsoon season to record raindrop sounds.

Artificial Synapse Based on a δ-FAPbI/Atomic-Layer-Deposited SnO Bilayer Memristor.

Halide perovskite-based resistive switching memory (memristor) has potential in an artificial synapse. However, an abrupt switch behavior observed for a formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI)-based memristor is undesirable for an artificial synapse. Here, we report on the δ-FAPbI/atomic-layer-deposited (ALD)-SnO bilayer memristor for gradual analogue resistive switching.

Cooperative Design of the AgPO/NH-MIL-88B (Fe/Co) Heterojunction Integrated with Conductive Polypyrrole for Advanced Photocatalytic Water Purification.

Wastewater treatments using photocatalysts and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained increasing importance due to their catalytic reactions leading to the decomposition of dyes and organic pollutants without generating secondary pollutants. This work aims at developing an advanced photocatalytic fabric by conceiving a heterojunction of NH-MIL-88B (Fe/Co) (n-type) and AgPO (p-type) and increasing the electrical conductivity to facilitate charge transfer at the heterojunction. Of particular interest is the design of a conductive Z-scheme heterophotocatalytic fabric by implementing polypyrrole (PPy) between the heterocatalysts and to investigate the role of the heterojunction and increased conductivity in the generation of reactive species and the photocatalytic mechanism.

A floating photocatalytic fabric integrated with a AgI/UiO-66-NH heterojunction as a facile strategy for wastewater treatment.

With an increased need of wastewater treatment, application of photocatalysts has drawn growing research attention as an advanced water remediation strategy. Herein, a floating photocatalytic fabric in a woven construction was developed for removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) in water. For an efficient photocatalytic reaction, AgI nanoparticles were grown on the surface of UiO-66-NH crystals in a layered structure, forming a heterojunction system on a cotton yarn, and this was woven with polypropylene yarn.

Atmospheric Humidity Underlies Irreproducibility of Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskites.

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are infamous for their batch-to-batch and lab-to-lab irreproducibility in terms of stability and performance. Reproducible fabrication of PSCs is a critical requirement for market viability and practical commercialization. PSC irreproducibility plagues all levels of the community; from institutional research laboratories, start-up companies, to large established corporations.

Effects of MgFanti-reflection coating on optical losses in metal halide perovskite solar cells.

The importance of light management for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has recently been emphasized because their power conversion efficiency approaches their theoretical thermodynamic limits. Among optical strategies, anti-reflection (AR) coating is the most widely used method to reduce reflectance loss and thus increase light-harvesting efficiency. Monolayer MgFis a well-known AR material because of its optimal refractive index, simple fabrication process, and physical and chemical durabilities.

Effect of Operating Conditions on the Gasification of Pet-Coke Water Slurry in an Entrained-Flow Gasifier Simulation.

Petroleum coke, commonly known as pet-coke, represents a promising and cost-effective alternative fuel source, produced as a byproduct of large-scale heavy crude oil refining. This study first simulated the gasification process of pet-coke slurry using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach based on the Eulerian-Lagrangian method. The simulation was carried out in a 2-ton-per-day (2TPD) entrained-flow gasifier, aiming to optimize the production of hydrogen (H) and carbon monoxide (CO) as synthetic gases.

Enhancing Efficiency and Stability of Tin Halide Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes via Engineered Alkali/Multivalent Metal Salts.

Sn-based perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have emerged as promising alternatives to Pb-based PeLEDs with their rapid increase in performance owing to the various research studies on inhibiting Sn oxidation. However, the absence of defect passivation strategies for Sn-based perovskite LEDs necessitates further research in this field. We performed systematic studies to investigate the design rules for defect passivation agents for Sn-based perovskites by incorporating alkali/multivalent metal salts with various cations and anions.

Spatial Variation in COVID-19 Mortality in New York City and Its Association with Neighborhood Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Status.

We examined the association between variation in COVID-19 deaths and spatial differences in the racial, ethnic, and nativity-status composition of New York City neighborhoods, which has received little scholarly attention. Using COVID-19 mortality data (through 31 May 2021) and socioeconomic and demographic data from the American Community Survey at the Zip Code Tabulation Area level as well as United-Hospital-Fund-level neighborhood data from the Community Health Survey of the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, we employed multivariable Poisson generalized estimating equation models and assessed the association between COVID-19 mortality, racial/ethnic/nativity-status composition, and other ecological factors. Our results showed an association between neighborhood-level racial and ethnic composition and COVID-19 mortality rates that is contingent upon the neighborhood-level nativity-status composition.

Copper Oxide Spike Grids for Enhanced Solution Transfer in Cryogenic Electron Microscopy.

The formation of uniform vitreous ice is a crucial step in the preparation of samples for cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Despite the rapid technological progress in EM, controlling the thickness of vitreous ice on sample grids with reproducibility remains a major obstacle to obtaining high-quality data in cryo-EM imaging. The commonly employed classical blotting process faces the problem of excess water that cannot be absorbed by the filter paper, resulting in the formation of thick and heterogeneous ice.

The ENCODE Uniform Analysis Pipelines.

The Encyclopedia of DNA elements (ENCODE) project is a collaborative effort to create a comprehensive catalog of functional elements in the human genome. The current database comprises more than 19000 functional genomics experiments across more than 1000 cell lines and tissues using a wide array of experimental techniques to study the chromatin structure, regulatory and transcriptional landscape of the and genomes. All experimental data, metadata, and associated computational analyses created by the ENCODE consortium are submitted to the Data Coordination Center (DCC) for validation, tracking, storage, and distribution to community resources and the scientific community.

Rational Design of a Chemical Bath Deposition Based Tin Oxide Electron-Transport Layer for Perovskite Photovoltaics.

Chemical bath deposition (CBD) is widely used to deposit tin oxide (SnO ) as an electron-transport layer in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The conventional recipe uses thioglycolic acid (TGA) to facilitate attachments of SnO particles onto the substrate. However, nonvolatile TGA is reported to harm the operational stability of PSCs.

Patterning of Metal Halide Perovskite Thin Films and Functional Layers for Optoelectronic Applications.

In recent years, metal halide perovskites have received significant attention as materials for next-generation optoelectronic devices owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties. The unprecedented rapid evolution in the device performance has been achieved by gaining an advanced understanding of the composition, crystal growth, and defect engineering of perovskites. As device performances approach their theoretical limits, effective optical management becomes essential for achieving higher efficiency.

The Monitoring and Management of an Operating Environment to Enhance the Safety of a Container-Type Energy Storage System.

The implementation of an energy storage system (ESS) as a container-type package is common due to its ease of installation, management, and safety. The control of the operating environment of an ESS mainly considers the temperature rise due to the heat generated through the battery operation. However, the relative humidity of the container often increases by over 75% in many cases because of the operation of the air conditioner which pursues temperature-first control.

Staphylococcus equorum plasmid pKS1030-3 encodes auxiliary biofilm formation and trans-acting gene mobilization systems.

The foodborne bacterium Staphylococcus equorum strain KS1030 harbours plasmid pSELNU1, which encodes a lincomycin resistance gene. pSELNU1 undergoes horizontal transfer between bacterial strains, thus spreading antibiotic resistance. However, the genes required for horizontal plasmid transfer are not encoded in pSELNU1.

Lead immobilization for environmentally sustainable perovskite solar cells.

Lead halide perovskites are promising semiconducting materials for solar energy harvesting. However, the presence of heavy-metal lead ions is problematic when considering potential harmful leakage into the environment from broken cells and also from a public acceptance point of view. Moreover, strict legislation on the use of lead around the world has driven innovation in the development of strategies for recycling end-of-life products by means of environmentally friendly and cost-effective routes.