Single brand tire wear particles promote toxin-producing of an invasive cyanobacterium.

Tire wear particles (TWPs), as newly emerging pollutants, frequently co-occur with potentially toxic cyanobacteria in eutrophic waters. However, it is unknown how these new pollutants affect ecology of mass bloom-forming cyanobacteria. Here, we compared single brand and mixed brand TWPs how to affect the invasive and toxic cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis raciborskii.

Cucurbituril-Encapsulating Metal-Organic Framework via Mechanochemistry: Adsorbents with Enhanced Performance.

The first examples of monolithic crystalline host-guest hybrid materials are described. The reaction of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H BTC) and Fe(NO ) ⋅9 H O in the presence of decamethylcucurbit[5]uril ammonium chloride (MC5⋅2 NH Cl⋅4 H O) directly affords MC5@MIL-100(Fe) hybrid monoliths featuring hierarchical micro-, meso- and macropores. Particularly, this "bottle-around-ship" synthesis and one-pot shaping are facilitated by a newly discovered Fe-MC5 flowing gel formed by mechanochemistry.

The Relevance of Size Matching in Self-assembly: Impact on Regio- and Chemoselective Cocrystallizations.

Decamethonium diiodide is reported to perform the chemo- and regioselective encapsulation of para-dihalobenzenes through the competitive formation of halogen-bonded cocrystals starting from solutions that also contain ortho and meta isomers. Selective caging in the solid occurs even when an excess ortho or meta isomers, or even a mixture of them, is present in the solution. A prime matching between the size and shape of the dication and the formed dianions plays a key role in enabling the selective self-assembly, as proven by successful encapsulation of halogen-bond donors as weak as 1,4-dichlorobenzene and by the results of cocrystallization trials involving mismatching tectons.

Monodispersed Ag nanoparticles as catalyst: preparation based on crystalline supramolecular hybrid of decamethylcucurbit[5]uril and silver ions.

Monodispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag(0) NPs) have been first prepared on the basis of a postsynthesis via mild reduction from a new crystalline supramolecular hybrid solid assembled from Ag(+) ions and decamethylcucurbit[5]uril (Me10CB[5]). Uniform growth of nearly spherical Ag(0) NPs with an average size of ca. 4.

Crystalline hybrid solid materials of palladium and decamethylcucurbit[5]uril as recoverable precatalysts for Heck cross-coupling reactions.

A series of MPdMe10 CB[5] (M=Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs; Me10 CB[5]=decamethylcucurbit[5]uril) hybrid solid materials have been successfully synthesized for the first time through a simple diffusion method. These as-prepared hybrid solids have been applied as phosphine-free precatalysts for Heck cross-coupling reactions with excellent catalytic performance and good recyclability. In the processes of the catalytic reactions, the activated Pd(II) species were released from the crystalline hybrid precatalysts and transformed into catalytically active Pd nanoparticles, which have been demonstrated as key to carry on the catalytic reactions for the recoverable precatalysts MPdMe10 CB[5] (M=K, Rb, and Cs).

Multinuclear Solid-State Magnetic Resonance as a Sensitive Probe of Structural Changes upon the Occurrence of Halogen Bonding in Co-crystals.

Although the understanding of intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, is relatively well-developed, many additional weak interactions work both in tandem and competitively to stabilize a given crystal structure. Due to a wide array of potential applications, a substantial effort has been invested in understanding the halogen bond. Here, we explore the utility of multinuclear ((13)C, (14/15)N, (19)F, and (127)I) solid-state magnetic resonance experiments in characterizing the electronic and structural changes which take place upon the formation of five halogen-bonded co-crystalline product materials.

New types of hybrid solids of tetravanadate polyanions and cucurbituril.

Three inorganic-organic hybrid solids based on tetravanadate polyanions, {V(4)O(12)}(4-) and cucurbituril, Me(10)Q[5] and Q[5], namely (NH(4))(4)[(V(4)O(12))·(Me(10)Q[5]@0.5H(2)O)(2)]·∼13H(2)O (1), Li(4)(H(2)O)(5)[(V(4)O(12))·(Me(10)Q[5]@H(2)O)(2)]·∼20H(2)O (2), and Na(4)(H(2)O)(2)[(V(4)O(12))·(Q[5])(2)]·∼15H(2)O (3), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. In the structure of compound 1, two {Me(10)Q[5]@0.

Photochromic hybrid materials of cucurbituril and polyoxometalates as photocatalysts under visible light.

Two isostructural organic-inorganic hybrid solid materials based on cucurbituril derivatives and polyoxometalates, {[K(2)(H(2)O)(2)Na(2)(H(2)O)(2)Na(2)(H(2)O)(6)](P(2)W(18)O(62))(Me(10)Q(5))(2)}·~7H(2)O (1) and {[Rb(2)(H(2)O)(2)Na(2)(H(2)O)Na(2)(H(2)O)(4)](P(2)W(18)O(62))(Me(10)Q(5))(2)}·~8H(2)O (2), which exhibit reversible photochromic properties as well as excellent photocatalytic activities toward the degradation of methyl orange (MO) and rhodamine-B (RB) under visible light irradiation, are reported.

Homochiral nickel coordination polymers based on salen(Ni) metalloligands: synthesis, structure, and catalytic alkene epoxidation.

One-dimensional (1D) homochiral nickel coordination polymers [Ni(3)(bpdc)(RR-L)(2)·(DMF)](n) (2R, RR-L = (R,R)-(-)-1,2-cyclohexanediamino-N,N'-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-(4-pyridyl)salicylidene), bpdc = 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid) and [Ni(3)(bpdc)(SS-L)(2)·(DMF)](n) (2S, SS-L = (S,S)-(-)-1,2-cyclohexanediamino-N,N'-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-(4-pyridyl)salicylidene) based on enantiopure pyridyl-functionalized salen(Ni) metalloligand units NiL ((1,2-cyclohexanediamino-N,N'-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-(4-pyridyl)salicylidene))Ni(II)) have been synthesized and characterized by microanalysis, IR spectroscopy, solid-state UV-vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetric measurement, and powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Each NiL as unbridging pendant metalloligand uses one terminal pyridyl group to coordinate achiral unit (nickel and bpdc(2-)) building a helical chain, while the other pyridyl group remains uncoordinated. Both 2R and 2S contain left- and right-handed helical chains made of the achiral building blocks, while the NiL as remote external chiral source is perpendicular to the backbone of the helices.

Development of a polyoxometallate-based photocatalyst assembled with cucurbit[6]uril via hydrogen bonds for azo dyes degradation.

A water insoluble cucurbit[6]uril-polyoxometallates (CB[6]-POMs) composite assembled from α-Keggin type polysilicontungstate anions and macrocycle cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) via hydrogen bonding has been synthesized as visible light active photocatalyst. The physical and photocatalytic properties of such photocatalyst have been fully characterized by PXRD, FTIR, TG, XPS, and UV/vis diffuse reflectance spectra. The catalyst shows a good photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation and displays good reproducibility of photocatalytic degradation by a simple recycled procedure without obvious loss in catalytic activity, which is of great significance for practical use of the photocatalyst.

Facile synthesis of palladium nanoparticles with high chemical activity using cucurbit[6]uril as protecting agent.

Using cucurbit[6]uril as protecting agent, well-defined Pd NPs were prepared via a simple one-pot method under mild conditions. The CB[6]-Pd NPs are very stable and have high chemical activities for catalyzing Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions.

[Evaluation on the analytical sensitivity of 31 HBsAg enzyme immunoassay kits].

Objective: To study the analytical sensitivity on 31 HBsAg enzyme immunoassy (EIA) test kits.

Methods: Thirty one HBsAg EIA kits produced by domestic or overseas manufactories and applied for approval during May 2007 to May 2008, were evaluated using the national reference panels. The hyperbolic curve of the log A value and log concentration for the national sensitivity standards was established.

pH-Dependent syntheses and crystal structures of a series of organic-inorganic hybrids constructed from Keggin or Wells-Dawson polyoxometalates and silver coordination compounds.

A series of silver complexes of polyoxometalates (POMs), formulated as, [Ag(2)(4,4'-bpy)(2)(4,4'-Hbpy)(H(2)O)][PW(12)O(40)] (4,4'-bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine, 1), [Ag(4)(4,4'-bpy)(4)][4,4'-H(2)bpy][P(2)W(18)O(62)].4H(2)O (2), [Ag(4)(4,4'-bpy)(4)][H(2)P(2)W(18)O(62)].7H(2)O (3), and Na(8)[Ag(3)(4,4'-bpy)(3)][PW(10)Ag(2)O(39)].

[Expression of Aurora-B in non-small cell lung cancer and its clinical significance].

Objective: To study the expression of Aurora-B in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and NSCLC cell lines.

Method: Aurora-B expression was examined using immunohistochemical SP method in 91 stage I and 69 stage II-III NSCLC tissues and 40 adjacent tissues. The mRNA and protein expressions of Aurora-B in NSCLC cell lines (A549, H460 and H1299) were examined by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively.

Supramolecular assembly from decavanadate anion and decamethylcucurbit[5]uril.

Three supramolecular compounds constructed from decamethylcucurbit[5]uril (Me(10)Q(5)) and decavanadate [H(2)V(10)O(28)](4-) were synthesized and characterized.

Systematic investigation on the coordination chemistry of a sulfonated monoazo dye: ligand-dominated d- and f-block derivatives.

Ten coordination compounds based on a sulfonated monoazo dye, formulated as M(H(2)O)(2)(4,4'-abs)(2) (M = Mn , Co , Cu , Zn , Cd and Pb ; 4,4'-abs = 4-aminoazobenzene-4'-sulfonic anion), Ag(4,4'-abs) (), [Ln(H(2)O)(phen)(2)(4,4'-abs)(3)].3H(2)O (Ln = Gd , Tb , and Ho ; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), as well as the parent ligand L [(4,4'-Habs)(2).4H(2)O] and precursor NaL.

[Preparation and application of the national reference panel for hepatitis B virus DNA].

Objectives: To calibrate the national hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA standard according to world health organization's standard material and prepare the national reference panel for HBV DNA reagents.

Methods: Sera from blood donors and HBV patients were collected and detected by home-made HBV DNA PCR kits, HBsAg kits, and anti-HBc kits, and then confirmed by HBV DNA PCR kits produced by Roche in German, which was recognized by the world health organization. The stability of the panel was detected by acceleration method.

Prevalence, isolation, and partial sequence analysis of hepatitis E virus from domestic animals in China.

Evidence that hepatitis E is zoonotic is accumulating. Serum samples were collected from pigs, cattle, and goats from various regions of China to determine whether they had been infected with hepatitis E virus (HEV). An in-house enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers from open reading frame (ORF) 2 were used to detect anti-HEV antibodies and HEV RNA.