Spin-State Tuning in PrFeO Perovskite for High-Temperature Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

The electrocatalytic activity of perovskite oxides is fundamentally governed by their electronic structure. However, a deeper understanding of the relationship between the e electron occupancy and high-temperature oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) remains underexplored. Here, A-site doped PrAeFeO (Ae = Ca, Sr, Ba) are constructed with exceptional high-temperature OER performance, and PrBaFeO achieves a current density of 3.

Breaking the Ion Ordering in the Perovskite Anode for Enhanced High-Temperature Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity.

Ion ordering in the perovskite oxide plays a crucial role in governing the properties, such as magnetic behavior, electronic and ionic conductivity, and dielectric or ferroelectric characteristics. As the common anodes in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs), perovskites exhibit remarkable high-temperature oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. However, the influence of ion ordering in the perovskite anode on the OER activity remains poorly understood.

Optimizing Surface Electronic Structure by Ba Dispersion for Enhanced High-Temperature Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity.

Surface modification is an advanced strategy to engineer and optimize the work function of the perovskite oxides, which can influence the surface electron and ion transfer processes and tune the surface adsorption of the reaction intermediates, thus enhancing the catalytic activity by creating more active sites. Herein, we modify the surface electronic structure of the PrCoO anode of the solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) by the high-temperature dispersion of Ba species. Comprehensive structural and electrochemical characterizations, along with in situ characterizations and density functional theory calculations, reveal that Ba dispersion significantly enhances the surface d-p orbital hybridization between Co and O atoms and thus weakens Co-O bond covalency, facilitating oxygen vacancy formation and oxygen ion mobility.

$\mathcal{S}$ able: bridging the gap in protein structure understanding with an empowering and versatile pre-training paradigm.

Protein pre-training has emerged as a transformative approach for solving diverse biological tasks. While many contemporary methods focus on sequence-based language models, recent findings highlight that protein sequences alone are insufficient to capture the extensive information inherent in protein structures. Recognizing the crucial role of protein structure in defining function and interactions, we introduce $\mathcal{S}$able, a versatile pre-training model designed to comprehensively understand protein structures.

Atomically Dispersed Ru Species Induced by Strong Metal-Support Interaction for Electrochemical Methane Reforming.

During the high-temperature oxygen evolution reaction for CO electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs), the key elementary process of O transfer is restricted by the high anodic oxygen pressure thermodynamically, thus requiring a high external voltage [open-circuit voltage (OCV)] to drive the electrolysis reaction. Herein, electrochemical CH reforming is introduced to the SOEC anode, which remarkably lowers the anodic oxygen pressure and OCV, finally reducing the energy demand from 3.12 to 0.

Frequent Acquisition of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 32 (GH32) Genes from Bacteria via Horizontal Gene Transfer Drives Adaptation of Invertebrates to Diverse Sources of Food and Living Habitats.

Glycoside hydrolases (GHs, also called glycosidases) catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides. Numerous GH genes have been identified from various organisms and are classified into 188 families, abbreviated GH1 to GH188. Enzymes in the GH32 family hydrolyze fructans, which are present in approximately 15% of flowering plants and are widespread across microorganisms.

KIrO Nanowires with Rich Hydroxyl Promote Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer.

The sluggish kinetics for anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and insufficient catalytic performance over the corresponding Ir-based catalysts are still enormous challenges in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE). Herein, it is reported that KIrO nanowires anode catalyst with more exposed active sites and rich hydroxyl achieves a current density of 1.0 A cm at 1.

Surface Activation by Single Ru Atoms for Enhanced High-Temperature CO Electrolysis.

Cathodic CO adsorption and activation is essential for high-temperature CO electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). However, the component of oxygen ionic conductor in the cathode displays limited electrocatalytic activity. Herein, stable single Ruthenium (Ru) atoms are anchored on the surface of oxygen ionic conductor (Ce Sm O , SDC) via the strong covalent metal-support interaction, which evidently modifies the electronic structure of SDC surface for favorable oxygen vacancy formation and enhanced CO adsorption and activation, finally evoking the electrocatalytic activity of SDC for high-temperature CO electrolysis.

Nonlinear Optical Modulation Characteristics of MXene CrC for 2 μm Pulsed Lasers.

MXene materials have shown numerous useful mechanical and electronic properties, and have been found to possess nice potential in the field of optical modulation. Here, we fabricated a MXene CrC saturable absorber by the liquid-phase exfoliation method, and systemically analyzed the surface morphology and nonlinear properties of the CrC sample. Applying the CrC saturable absorber as a Q-switch in a thulium-doped yttrium aluminum perovskite (Tm: YAP) laser, the shortest single pulse was obtained with a width of 602 ns under an absorbed pump power of 3.

Transcriptome profiling of bovine endometrial epithelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharides .

Endometritis is an inflammation of the surface of the endometrium that does not penetrate the submucosa and can cause infertility and increase the elimination rate in cows. Endometrial epithelial cells are the first barrier of the endometrium against foreign stimuli and bacterial infection. Understanding the genetic changes in stimulated endometrial epithelial cells will help in the efforts to prevent and treat endometritis.

Effect of forsythoside A on the transcriptional profile of bovine mammary epithelial cells challenged with lipoteichoic acid.

Mastitis is a common disease of the dairy cattle, which affects the development of the dairy industry and leads to huge economic losses. Forsythoside A (FTA) has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral and anti-apoptotic effects. However, the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of FTA on dairy cow mastitis remain unclear.

Analysis of differentially expressed microRNAs in bovine mammary epithelial cells treated with lipoteichoic acid.

Mastitis is one of the most common diseases of dairy cattle and can be caused by physical stress, chemicals and microbial infection. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogens that induce mastitis in dairy cattle. In this study, bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were treated either with lipoteichoic acid (LTA, 30 µg/ml) or 1 × phosphate-buffer saline (PBS, control) and RNA-Seq was applied to explore the effect of LTA on the expression microRNAs (miRNAs) in BMECs.

Effects of camptothecin on histological structures and gene expression profiles of fat bodies in Spodoptera frugiperda.

Spodoptera frugiperda is a serious threat to global food production. Our previous study demonstrated that Camptothecin (CPT), a bioactive secondary metabolite from Camptotheca acuminata (Decne: Nyssaceae), exhibits adverse impact on the larval midgut of S. frugiperda and inhibits insect growth.

Discovery of novel triazole compounds as selective IL-1β releasement inhibitors.

Inflammation and immunity are closely related to the occurrence and development of a variety of immune diseases. Although IL-1β has been identified as a key cytokine in many immune diseases, safe and specific small molecular IL-1β releasement inhibitors are still scarce and urgently required in clinic. The investigation prospect of triazoleis limited by its complicated pharmacological effect which exhibited inferior effects on IL-1β and TNF-α.

Analysis of miRNA expression changes in bovine endometrial stromal cells treated with lipopolysaccharide.

After parturition, bovine uterine stromal cells are often exposed to complex bacterial and viral stimuli owing to epithelial cell rupture, resulting in an inflammatory response. In this study, we used an in vitro model to study the response of bovine endometrial stromal cells to inflammatory mediators and the associated regulated microRNAs in response to lipopolysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a bacterial wall component in gram-negative bacteria that causes inflammation upon immune recognition, which is used to create in vitro inflammation models.

Novel role of ASH1L histone methyltransferase in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive human malignancies, with an average life expectancy of ∼6 months from the time of diagnosis. The genetic and epigenetic changes that underlie this malignancy are incompletely understood. We found that ASH1-like histone lysine methyltransferase (ASH1L) is overexpressed in ATC relative to the much less aggressive and more common differentiated thyroid cancer.

SOX11 promotes osteoarthritis through induction of TNF-α.

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease and the molecular mechanism of OA remains unclear. Transcription factor SOX11 has been proved to be involved in the development progress of OA. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential function of SOX11 during the development of OA.

Aqueous hybrids of amino-functionalized nanosilica and acrylamide-based polymer for enhanced oil recovery.

Amino-functionalized nanosilica (ANS) was prepared using nanosilica (NS) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) aiming to reinforce the interaction between nanoparticles and polymer molecules. The copolymer of acrylamide, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (PM), and four ANS samples with different NS to APTES ratios were synthesized. A series of nanoparticle/polymer hybrid systems were fabricated by introducing NS or ANS suspension into PM aqueous solution.

Thyroid-Specific PPARγ Deletion Is Benign in the Mouse.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is widely expressed at low levels and regulates many physiological processes. In mice and humans, there is evidence that PPARγ can function as a tumor suppressor. A PAX8-PPARγ fusion protein (PPFP) is oncogenic in a subset of thyroid cancers, suggesting that inhibition of endogenous PPARγ function by the fusion protein could contribute to thyroid oncogenesis.

Genomic binding of PAX8-PPARG fusion protein regulates cancer-related pathways and alters the immune landscape of thyroid cancer.

PAX8-PPARG fusion protein (PPFP) results from a t(2;3)(q13;p25) chromosomal translocation, is found in 30% of follicular thyroid carcinomas, and demonstrates oncogenic capacity in transgenic mice. A PPARG ligand, pioglitazone, is highly therapeutic in mice with PPFP thyroid cancer. However, only limited data exist to characterize the binding sites and oncogenic function of PPFP, or to explain the observed therapeutic effect of pioglitazone.

Adipogenic Differentiation of Thyroid Cancer Cells Through the Pax8-PPARγ Fusion Protein Is Regulated by Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 (TTF-1).

A subset of thyroid carcinomas contains a t(2;3)(q13;p25) chromosomal translocation that fuses paired box gene 8 (PAX8) with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ gene (PPARG), resulting in expression of a PAX8-PPARγ fusion protein, PPFP. We previously generated a transgenic mouse model of PPFP thyroid carcinoma and showed that feeding the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone greatly decreased the size of the primary tumor and prevented metastatic disease in vivo The antitumor effect correlates with the fact that pioglitazone turns PPFP into a strongly PPARγ-like molecule, resulting in trans-differentiation of the thyroid cancer cells into adipocyte-like cells that lose malignant character as they become more differentiated. To further study this process, we performed cell culture experiments with thyrocytes from the PPFP mouse thyroid cancers.

Genomic binding and regulation of gene expression by the thyroid carcinoma-associated PAX8-PPARG fusion protein.

A chromosomal translocation results in production of an oncogenic PAX8-PPARG fusion protein (PPFP) in thyroid carcinomas. PAX8 is a thyroid transcription factor, and PPARG is a transcription factor that plays important roles in adipocytes and macrophages. PPFP retains the DNA binding domains of both proteins; however, the genomic binding sites of PPFP have not been identified, and only limited data exist to characterize gene expression in PPFP thyroid carcinomas.

The thyroid cancer PAX8-PPARG fusion protein activates Wnt/TCF-responsive cells that have a transformed phenotype.

A chromosomal translocation results in the production of a paired box 8-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PAX8-PPARG) fusion protein (PPFP) in ∼35% of follicular thyroid carcinomas. To examine the role of PPFP in thyroid oncogenesis, the fusion protein was stably expressed in the non-transformed rat thyroid cell line PCCL3. PPFP conferred on PCCL3 cells the ability to invade through Matrigel and to form colonies in anchorage-independent conditions.

Pioglitazone induces a proadipogenic antitumor response in mice with PAX8-PPARgamma fusion protein thyroid carcinoma.

Approximately 35% of follicular thyroid carcinomas harbor a chromosomal translocation that results in expression of a paired box gene 8-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ gene (PPARγ) fusion protein (PPFP). To better understand the oncogenic role of PPFP and its relationship to endogenous PPARγ, we generated a transgenic mouse model that combines Cre-dependent PPFP expression (PPFP;Cre) with homozygous deletion of floxed Pten (PtenFF;Cre), both thyroid specific. Although neither PPFP;Cre nor PtenFF;Cre mice develop thyroid tumors, the combined PPFP;PtenFF;Cre mice develop metastatic thyroid cancer, consistent with patient data that PPFP is occasionally found in benign thyroid adenomas and that PPFP carcinomas have increased phosphorylated AKT/protein kinase B.