The PAX3-FOXO1 fusion gene reduces cell-ECM interactions and TGFβ signaling in rhabdomyosarcoma.

We identify downregulation of genes related to cell-ECM interactions and TGFβ signaling in FPRMS. We confirm that TGFβ signaling enhances cell-ECM interactions in FNRMS, utilizing confocal reflection microscopy to assess ECM remodeling, and a live-cell sensor to quantitatively assess TGFβ signaling. We also show that PAX3-FOXO1 increases NOS1 expression, stimulating nitric oxide synthesis, which inhibits TGFβ signaling and reduces cell-ECM interactions.

Extracellular Matrix Topography Drives Adrenergic to Mesenchymal Transition in Neuroblastoma.

Neuroblastoma (NB), the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, exhibits intra-tumoral heterogeneity with two interconvertible identities: adrenergic (ADRN) and mesenchymal (MES). Compared to ADRN cells, MES cells exhibit phenotypes associated with metastasis and therapy resistance. Thus, the transition from ADRN to MES may contribute to poor clinical outcomes, necessitating further investigation into this ADRN-to-MES transition (AMT) to improve clinical responses.

Dome tapered tip sphincterotomes in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A pilot study on cannulation success and postprocedural pancreatitis.

Background: Despite advancements, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) poses challenges, including the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis and difficulty of biliary cannulation.

Aim: To compare dome and tapered tip sphincterotomes, focusing on their efficacy in achieving successful biliary cannulation and reducing the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis.

Methods: In this prospective, single-blind, randomized pilot study conducted at Inha University Hospital, 85 patients undergoing ERCP were equally divided into dome and tapered tip sphincterotome groups.

YAP controls cell migration and invasion through a Rho GTPase switch.

Delineating the mechanisms that control the movement of cells is central to understanding diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes. The transcriptional coactivator YAP is important during development and associated with cancer metastasis. Here, we found that YAP promoted cell migration by modulating a Rho family guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) switch involving Rac1 and RhoA, which are key regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics.

Thermally optimized subcritical water hydrolysis for green extraction of bioactive compounds from sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus.

This study investigated the bioactive compounds in Stichopus japonicus extracts obtained using subcritical water hydrolysis (SWH) at nine temperatures (115 °C-235 °C at 15 °C intervals). Increasing temperature enhanced the extraction efficiency and decreased the average molecular weight, extracts had abundant amino acids and phenolic compounds. Maximum protein (832.

Molecular size reduction and functional properties of Atlantic salmon waste protein treated by subcritical water.

Atlantic salmon waste protein (AsWP) was hydrolyzed using subcritical water hydrolysis at 135-210 °C and 30-60 bar for 20 min, to reduce protein molecular size and produce hydrolysates with functional properties. At 195 °C and 50 bar, hydrolysis yield and degree of hydrolysis were highest at 88.47 % and 22.

Deep Learning-assisted Diagnosis of Extrahepatic Common Bile Duct Obstruction Using MRCP Imaging and Clinical Parameters.

Background: Extrahepatic Common Bile Duct Obstruction (EHBDO) is a serious condition that requires accurate diagnosis for effective treatment. Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is a widely used noninvasive imaging technique for visualizing bile ducts, but its interpretation can be complex.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a deep learning-based classification model that integrates MRCP images and clinical parameters to assist radiologists in diagnosing EHBDO more accurately.

Recent advances in recovering bioactive compounds from macroalgae and microalgae using subcritical water extraction: Prospective compounds and biological activities.

Algae, widely as a valuable marine biomass, are appreciated globally for their unique chemical compositions and exceptional nutritional benefits. Scientists are increasingly focusing on valorizing algae biomass to recover polysaccharides and bioactive extracts. Conventional methods commonly used to extract bioactive compounds have several limitations.

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) waste as a unique source of biofunctional protein hydrolysates: Emerging productions, promising applications, and challenges mitigation.

The Atlantic salmon is an extremely popular fish for its nutritional value and unique taste among several fish species. Researchers are focusing on the utilization of Atlantic salmon waste for generating protein hydrolysates rich in peptides and amino acids and investigating their health benefits. Several technological approaches, including enzymatic, chemical, and the recently developed subcritical water hydrolysis, are currently used for the production of Atlantic salmon waste protein hydrolysates.

Subcritical Water Extraction of : Comparative Study of the Chemical Properties and Biological Activities across Different Parts.

The subcritical water extraction of (blade, sporophyll, and root) was evaluated to determine its chemical properties and biological activities. The extraction was conducted at 180 °C and 3 MPa. Root extracts exhibited the highest phenolic content (43.

Comparison of clinical/histological outcomes according to puncture sites in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy for large pancreatic masses: Multicenter randomized prospective pilot study.

Objectives: There are no recommendations regarding the optimal puncture site in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB). This multicenter randomized prospective study compared the diagnostic accuracy and histological findings according to the sampling site for pancreatic masses larger than 3 cm.

Methods: Consecutive patients with pancreatic masses larger than 3 cm indicated for EUS-FNB were included in the study.

Beyond the Bile: Exploring the Microbiome and Metabolites in Cholangiocarcinoma.

Introduction: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCC) still has a high mortality rate despite improvements in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. The role of the human microbiome in CCC is poorly understood, and a recent metagenomic analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between microbiome-associated carcinogenesis and CCC. This study aimed to investigate changes in microbiome composition associated with CCC and its metabolic signature by integrating taxonomic and functional information with metabolomics data and in vitro experimental results.

Protein and Polysaccharide Recovery from Shrimp Wastes by Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent Mediated Subcritical Water Hydrolysis for Biodegradable Film.

Environmental pollution is a significant problem due to the improper disposal of plastics and shrimp shells outdoors. Therefore, the synthesis of biodegradable film from waste materials is highly important. The novelty of this research lies in the extraction of protein hydrolysates and chitosan from shrimp shells, as well as the fabrication of biodegradable film from these materials.

Subcritical water-assisted fish gelatin hydrolysis for astaxanthin-loaded fish oil emulsion stability.

Though gelatin emulsifying properties have been intensively studied, how low-molecular-weight (LMW) fish gelatin affects astaxanthin (AST)-loaded fish oil emulsion stability remains elusive. In this study, subcritical water hydrolysis (SWH)-modified LMW fish gelatin (SWHG) was produced from 110 °C to 180 °C and used to enhance the AST steadiness in oil/water emulsions in the presence of an emulsifier, lecithin. In the prepared emulsions, the surface charge increased while droplet size decreased with the decrease in gelatin MW due to the reduced thickness of the adsorbed gelatin membrane.

Impact of the suprapapillary method on patency in distal malignant biliary obstruction: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Placement of a self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) across the duodenal major papilla carries a risk of duodenobiliary reflux (DBR). The suprapapillary method of stent placement may reduce DBR and improve stent patency compared with the transpapillary method. This study compared the clinical outcomes between the suprapapillary and transpapillary methods for distal malignant biliary obstruction (DMBO).

Quality Indicators of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Korea.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a procedure that requires significant experiences and skills and has various procedure-related complications, some of which can be severe and even result in the death of patients. Expanding ERCP availability has the advantage of increasing accessibility for patients. However, ERCP poses a substantial risk if performed without proper quality management.

ALK upregulates POSTN and WNT signaling to drive neuroblastoma.

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood. While MYCN and mutant anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) cooperate in tumorigenesis, how ALK contributes to tumor formation remains unclear. Here, we used a human stem cell-based model of neuroblastoma.

The gut microbiome predicts response to UDCA/CDCA treatment in gallstone patients: comparison of responders and non-responders.

The treatment of gallbladder (GB) stones depends on condition severity. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) are commonly used to treat GB stones, but the factors affecting response rates have not been fully identified. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between response to UDCA/CDCA treatment and changes in the gut microbiomes of patients with GB stones with the intention of identifying gut microbiomes that predict susceptibility to UDCA/CDCA treatment and treatment response.

[Microbiome and Biliary Tract Cancer].

Biliary tract cancers encompass a group of malignancies that affect the bile ducts and gallbladder and are associated with a poor prognosis, often due to late diagnosis and limited treatment options. The incidence of biliary tract cancer has been increasing gradually, underscoring the need for a better understanding of its pathogenesis and potential risk factors. Research suggests that biliary tract cancer may develop through a combination of genetic and epigenetic alterations, as well as environmental factors.

Comparative efficacies and safeties of cylindrical interstitial laser ablation and radiofrequency ablation on swine pancreas.

Laser ablation (LA) has been evaluated for the minimally invasive thermal treatment of various cancers, but conventional unidirectional endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided LA has limitations. Therefore, we developed a cylindrical laser diffuser to overcome the limitations of unidirectional EUS-guided LA. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacies and safeties of EUS-guided LA using a novel cylindrical laser diffuser and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in vivo in swine pancreas.

Optimization and evaluation of Atrina pectinata polysaccharides recovered by subcritical water extraction: A promising path to natural products.

In this study, the recovery of Atrina pectinata posterior adductor polysaccharides (APP-PS) using subcritical water extraction (SWE) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and the physicochemical and biological properties of the recovered APP-PS were evaluated. The optimal extraction conditions, which resulted in a maximum yield of 55.58 ± 1.

Dielectrophoretic Capture of Cancer-Derived Small-Extracellular-Vesicle-Bound Janus Nanoparticles via Lectin-Glycan Interaction.

Glycosylation is closely related to cellular metabolism and disease progression. In particular, glycan levels in cancer cells and tissues increase during cancer progression. This upregulation of glycosylation in cancer cells may provide a basis for the development of new biomarkers for the targeting and diagnosis of specific cancers.

Clinical correlation of cholelithiasis in patients undergoing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.

The risk factor for cholelithiasis include low physical activity. With an aging society, the number of bedridden patients who undergo percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) has increased, and cholelithiasis has often been found in these patients. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors correlated with cholelithiasis in adults who underwent PEG.