Two new polyketides and a new γ-lactone-derived furanone from a soil fungus Trichoderma spirale BHM2-5.

Two previously undescribed polyketides, bukhansanketides A (1) and B (2), along with a γ-lactone-derived furanone, (S)-(-)-bukhansanfuranone (3), were isolated from Trichoderma spirale BHM2-5, together with four known compounds (4-7). Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI-MS data, as well as DP4+ probability analysis, the modified Mosher's method, or VCD calculations. All isolated compounds (1-7) were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against A549, SK-OV-3, and HCT-8 cancer cell lines.

Anti-Parkinsonian 4-hydroxy-2-pyridones from an endolichenic fungus, Tolypocladium sp. (strain CNC14).

4-Hydroxy-2-pyridone alkaloids have attracted considerable attention because of their intriguing structures and diverse bioactivities. In our previous study, 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone alkaloids were shown to exhibit potent activity against neuron-associated targets. To discover this class of neuroactive compounds, an array of endolichenic fungal extracts was screened by analyzing LC-UV-MS profiles.

Cytotoxic Peptidic Metabolites Isolated from the Soil-Derived Fungus .

Twelve undescribed peptidic compounds, bukhansantaibols A-K (-) and bukhansantaibals A-B (-), were isolated from the soil fungus through LC-MS and bioactivity-guided purification. Their structures were elucidated by the analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra, HRESIMS, and acid hydrolysis using modified Marfey's method. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against HCT-8 (colon cancer) and SK-OV-3 (ovarian cancer) cells.

Risk factors and mortality for amputations in the diabetic foot: a nationwide cohort study.

Objective: To investigate risk factors and mortality associated with major amputations in people with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), and to differentiate them from minor amputations STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a nationwide, retrospective longitudinal study using cohort data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (2002-2020), including people with DFUs who underwent lower extremity amputation. People were categorized into minor and major amputation groups. Comparative analyses were conducted using variables available from health insurance data.

Characteristics of 3D-Printed Polycaprolactone Tracheal Scaffolds Implanted In Vivo.

Background: A 3D-printing technology using polycaprolactone (PCL) has shown promise for the development of patient-customized tracheal constructs. However, no studies have compared the mechanical properties of various grades of PCL using animal experiments under the same conditions. In this study, the mechanical properties and tissue reconstruction abilities of research-grade (RG) and medical-grade (MG) PCL scaffolds were compared in rabbit tracheal defect models.

Novel oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3-one derivatives with NO inhibitory and cytotoxic activities, and xanthone derivatives from the endolichenic fungus Exophiala sp.

Eight new compounds (1-8) featuring an unusual oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3-one moiety, along with three new xanthone-type compounds (11-13), were isolated from the culture extracts of the endolichenic fungus Exophiala sp.

Expression of Free Radicals and Reactive Oxygen Species in Endometriosis: Current Knowledge and Its Implications.

This review explores the dual role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, aiming to deepen our understanding of these processes through a systematic literature review. To assess the induction and involvement of ROS in endometriosis, we conducted a comprehensive literature review using Cochrane Libraries, EMBASE, Google Scholar, PubMed, and SCOPUS databases. Of 30 qualifying papers ultimately reviewed, 28 reported a significant contribution of ROS to the pathogenesis of endometriosis, while two found no association.

Clinical short-term analysis and effectiveness evaluation of optimally designed customized artificial talus implants.

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the talus is a rare but debilitating condition that can lead to joint collapse and significant functional impairment. In advanced stages, joint-preserving surgical options are limited. This study aimed to develop a lightweight, patient-specific 3D-printed total talar implant and evaluate short-term clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients with idiopathic talar necrosis.

Temporal Dynamics and Treatment Outcomes of Hepatitis C Virus/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection: A Multicenter Retrospective Study from South Korea.

Background/aims: Due to the very low incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in South Korea, epidemiological data on hepatitis C virus (HCV)/HIV coinfection are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with HCV/HIV coinfection in South Korea.

Methods: We retrospectively collected data from patients diagnosed with HCV/HIV coinfection at 12 academic hospitals in South Korea from 2009 to 2020.

Simulation of dry matter partitioning in cucumber fruits: reflecting gas exchange characteristics based on leaf position and cropping type.

This study aimed to predict dry matter partitioning in cucumber fruit ( L.) by developing a simulation model that integrates photosynthetic characteristics based on leaf age and cropping type. Leaf gas exchange, growth, and environmental data from semi-forcing and forcing cropping types were used to calibrate models including the Farquhar-von Caemmerer-Berry (FvCB) model and other growth-related models.

Gold nanoparticle resveratrol complex increases apoptosis in KRAS mutant pancreatic cancer cells.

The KRAS G12D mutation is the most prevalent type of pancreatic cancer and is found in about 35% of patients. Numerous natural chemicals are frequently investigated in cancer treatment to decrease side effects. Resveratrol (RVT) is a polyphenol that can promote cancer cell apoptosis and improve chemotherapy efficacy in cancers.

Cell-Free Biomimetic Tracheal Graft via Hybrid 3D Printing for Enhanced Tracheal Reconstruction.

When the trachea is excessively damaged because of diseases, accidents, or surgery, it is difficult to achieve both mucosal reconstruction and structural stability using current technologies. Here, a biomimetic tracheal graft (BTG) is developed through a hybrid process of 3D printing and electrospinning using polycaprolactone (PCL)polymer. First, a flexible PCL tracheal frame with a high rotation angle is prepared using 3D printing.

A Simple Quinoid Building Block for Polymer Semiconductors with Tunable Polarity and High n-Type Thermoelectric Performance.

π-Conjugated polymers with deep-positioned lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level and large electron mobility are highly pursued as n-type organic thermoelectric materials. Herein, we synthesized a simple structured electron-deficient quinoid building block, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-dione (TTD), via one step from a low-cost starting material. Based on TTD, polymers PQD and PQTD were successfully developed, featuring remarkably low-lying LUMO levels (-3.

1,3,5-Tricaffeoylquinic Acid from Vines Induced Ovarian Cancer Cell Apoptosis and Inhibited Endothelial Tube Formation.

Ovarian cancer usually metastasizes from the ovary to adjacent organs through direct invasion with blood vessels formed by endothelial cells. Targeting apoptosis of ovarian cancer and angiogenesis is promising for anticancer therapy. Leaves of sp.

Sensitive detection of pertussis toxin in acellular pertussis vaccines using HRH1-mediated calcium signaling.

Accurate detection and quantification of residual pertussis toxin (PTx), a key virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis, are essential for the production and safety testing of acellular pertussis vaccines. Traditional methods, such as the histamine sensitization test and the CHO cell clustering assay, face challenges including low reproducibility, difficulty in standardization, and interference from vaccine adjuvants. To address these limitations, we developed a biosensor for PTx detection based on histamine receptor H1 (HRH1)-induced calcium signaling in MDA-MB-231 cells, representing an unexplored approach for PTx detection.

Fungal-derived methyldeoxaphomins target segregation through the inhibition of PfActin1.

Herein we report the finding and structure determination of a natural product based on the methyldeoxaphomin scaffold family from the fungus that shows promising antiplasmodial activity and selectivity against host cells. In vitro evolution and whole genome analysis in with the most potent member, NPDG-F (EC of 550 nM in Dd2; 290 nM in 3D7), shows that parasite resistance to methyldeoxaphomins is strongly associated with mutations in PfActin1 (PF3D7_1246200), a critically essential ATPase needed for all stages of parasite development. Molecular docking study with available PfActin1 crystal structure shows NPDG-F occupies the same allosteric binding pocket as the known actin inhibitor cytochalasin D.

Microbiome-emitted scents activate olfactory neuron-independent airway-gut-brain axis to promote host growth in Drosophila.

While it is now accepted that the microbiome has strong impacts on animal growth promotion, the exact mechanism has remained elusive. Here we show that microbiome-emitted scents contain volatile somatotrophic factors (VSFs), which promote host growth in an olfaction-independent manner in Drosophila. We found that inhaled VSFs are readily sensed by olfactory receptor 42b non-neuronally expressed in subsets of tracheal airway cells, enteroendocrine cells, and enterocytes.

Outcomes of Autogenous Bone Grafting for Periprosthetic Osteolysis After Total Ankle Arthroplasty: Clinical and 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography Results.

Background: Periprosthetic osteolysis after total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is a substantial problem. Bone grafting may be beneficial in the treatment of large osteolytic cysts; however, the literature regarding the outcomes of bone grafting is limited. This study analyzed the outcomes of autogenous bone grafting performed for the management of periprosthetic osteolysis following TAA.

Red blood cell distribution width is an independent predictor of mortality following amputation for diabetic foot.

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a prognostic factor in various disorders. This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of RDW in patients undergoing amputation for diabetic foot. We retrospectively analyzed data on 415 patients who underwent diabetic foot amputation between January 2009 and January 2019.

Outcomes of Osteosynthesis of Os Subfibulare for Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability With Large Os Subfibulare.

Background: Os subfibulare (OS) is commonly found in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI). When performing lateral ligament reconstruction for CLAI, excision of a large OS can cause substantial lateral ligament defects making anatomic repair challenging. This study analyzed clinical and radiologic outcomes among patients who underwent osteosynthesis of the OS for chronic lateral ankle instability and a large OS.

Results of arthroscopic lateral ligament repair according to the arthroscopic classification of anterior talofibular ligament remnants.

Background: This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiologic outcomes among grades according to the arthroscopic classification of chronic ATFL lesions after arthroscopic lateral ligament repair.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 135 patients with chronic lateral ankle instability who underwent arthroscopic lateral ligament repair at 3 institutions between 2018 and 2020. The patients were divided into four groups according to the arthroscopic classification of the ATFL remnants.

Is perioperative use of a combination of pregabalin and naproxen superior to naproxen only in reducing pain in ankle fractures? A prospective, randomized, multicenter study.

Purpose: To compare the analgesic efficacy, adverse effects, and long-term functional outcomes of perioperative naproxen alone versus naproxen with pregabalin for treating pain in ankle fractures.

Methods: This study included 70 patients who underwent operative fixation of rotatory ankle fractures. Group A received naproxen 500 mg only, and Group B received naproxen 500 mg with pregabalin 75 mg 2-hour before surgery and 12 hourly for 14 days thereafter.