Proteomic profiling of plasma extracellular vesicles identifies signatures of innate immunity, coagulation, and endothelial activation in septic patients.

Plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived lipid particles and reportedly play a role in sepsis pathogenesis. This study aimed to identify EV cargo proteins in septic patients and explore their association with key sepsis pathophysiology. Plasma EVs were subjected to Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic analysis.

Machine Learning Drives a Path to Defect Engineering for Suppressing Nonradiative Recombination Losses in CuZnSn(S,Se) Solar Cells.

Recent kesterite developments encouraged researchers to use CuZnSn(S,Se) (CZTSSe)-based photoabsorber materials in diverse optoelectronic applications. However, the detrimental bulk and interface defects induced high carrier recombination at corresponding regions, stagnating further improvement in the performance of kesterite solar cells. In this work, a machine learning (ML)-guided strategy is employed to optimize the amount of germanium (Ge) incorporation to enhance the baseline performance of CZTSSe.

Controllable synthesis of semiconducting anatase TiO nanostructures for visible light driven photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet and methylene blue dye.

The colorant dyes represent significant sources of non-aesthetic contamination and have the potential to generate hazardous byproducts via processes such as oxidation, hydrolysis, or other chemical transformations. Consequently, it is imperative to eliminate them from the water before their introduction into the ecosystem. In this study, we have been synthesised anatase TiO photocatalyst by simple chemical co-precipitation method at low temperatures.

Efficient hydrogen evolution via neutral water electrolysis using nanocrystalline TiO electrocatalyst.

Significant efforts have been focused on the development of non-noble metal electrocatalysts for efficient production of green hydrogen using renewable energy sources such as water and sunlight. Various transition metal oxides have been explored as promising candidates for hydrogen evolution reactions (HER), attracting considerable attention in the field of water splitting. In this study, we report the synthesis of anatase phase TiO nanoparticles (NPs) with a crystallite size of 6.

Proteomic profiling of plasma extracellular vesicles identifies signatures of innate immunity, coagulation, and endothelial activation in septic patients.

Plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived lipid particles and reportedly play a role in sepsis pathogenesis. This study aimed to identify EV cargo proteins in septic patients and explore their association with key sepsis pathophysiology. Plasma EVs were subjected to Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic analysis.

Neuromorphic devices for electronic skin applications.

Neuromorphic devices represent an important advancement in technology, drawing inspiration from the intricate and efficient mechanisms of the human brain. This review paper elucidates the diverse landscape of neuromorphic electronic skin (e-skin) technologies while highlighting their numerous applications. Here, neuromorphic devices for e-skin are classified as two types of direct neuromorphic e-skins combining both neuromorphic devices and sensors, and indirect e-skins separating neuromorphic devices and sensors.

Approaching 24% Efficiency in Four-Terminal Perovskite/CZTSSe Tandem Solar Cells Using Diphenylammonium Chloride Additive-Based Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Absorber.

In the quest for high-efficiency photovoltaics, tandem solar cells combining perovskite and CZTSSe (copper zinc tin sulfide selenide) hold significant promise. This study explores the integration of diphenylammonium chloride (DPACl) as an additive within a wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite layer to enhance the performance of a four-terminal (4-T) hybrid tandem solar cells (HTSCs) device. The DPACl additive has been systematically optimized and utilized for WBG perovskite solar cells (PSCs).

Deep reconstruction of crystalline-amorphous heterojunction electrocatalysts for efficient and stable water and methanol electrolysis.

During electrocatalytic water splitting, surface reconstruction often occurs to generate truly active species for catalytic reactions, but the stability and mass activity of the catalysts is a huge challenge. A method that combines cation doping with morphology control strategies and constructs an amorphous-crystalline heterostructure is proposed to achieve deep reconstruction of the catalyst during the electrochemical activation process, thereby significantly improving catalytic activity and stability. Amorphous iron borate (FeBO) is deposited on cobalt-doped nickel sulfide (Co-NiS) crystals to form ultrathin nanosheet heterostructures (FeBO/Co-NiS) as bifunctional electrocatalysts for the OER and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR).

Two-Dimensional Scattering Center Estimation for Radar Target Recognition Based on Multiple High-Resolution Range Profiles.

A new estimation strategy on locations of two-dimensional target scattering centers for radar target recognition is developed by using multiple high-resolution range profiles (HRRPs). Based on the range information contained in multiple HRRPs obtained from various observation angles, the estimated target scattering centers can be successfully located at the intersection points of the lines passing through the multiple HRRP points. This geometry-based algorithm can significantly reduce the computational complexity while ensuring the ability to estimate the two-dimensional target scattering centers.

Distributions of MICA and MICB Alleles Typed by Amplicon-Based Next-Generation Sequencing in South Koreans.

Major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related genes A and B (MICA and MICB) play a role as ligands in activating the NKG2D receptor expressed in natural killer cells, γδ T-cells and αβ CD8 T-cells and have been defined in human diseases and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). MICA and MICB alleles were genotyped at the three-field level by amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) using a MiSeqDx system and compared with the results from previous studies in healthy South Korean donors. Exons 2-5 of MICA and exons 2-4 of MICB were amplified using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Adjusting microwave sensing frequency through aspect ratio variation and bending repetitions in Permalloy ellipses.

The Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR) phenomenon, marked by the selective absorption of microwave radiation by magnetic materials in the presence of a magnetic field, plays a pivotal role in the development of radar absorbing materials, high speed magnetic storage, and magnetic sensors. This process is integral for technologies requiring precise control over microwave absorption frequencies. We explored how variations in resonance fields can be effectively modulated by adjusting both the shape and stress anisotropies of magnetic materials on a flexible substrate.

Fostering Charge Carrier Transport and Absorber Growth Properties in CZTSSe Thin Films with an ALD-SnO Capping Layer.

The present study demonstrates that precursor passivation is an effective approach for improving the crystallization process and controlling the detrimental defect density in high-efficiency CuZnSn(S,Se) (CZTSSe) thin films. It is achieved by applying the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of the tin oxide (ALD-SnO) capping layer onto the precursor (Cu-Zn-Sn) thin films. The ALD-SnO capping layer was observed to facilitate the homogeneous growth of crystalline grains and mitigate defects prior to sulfo-selenization in CZTSSe thin films.

Electrochemical Detection of a Breast Cancer Biomarker with an Amine-Functionalized Nanocomposite Pt-FeO-MWCNTs-NH as a Signal-Amplifying Label.

We report an ultrasensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor to detect the breast cancer biomarker CA 15-3. Amine-functionalized composite of reduced graphene oxide and FeO nanoparticles (MRGO-NH) was used as an electrochemical sensing platform material to modify the electrodes. The nanocomposite comprising Pt and FeO nanoparticles (NPs) anchored on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Pt-FeO-MWCNTs-NH) was utilized as a pseudoenzymatic signal-amplifying label.

Recent Development on Transition Metal Oxides-Based Core-Shell Structures for Boosted Energy Density Supercapacitors.

In recent years, nanomaterials exploration and synthesis have played a crucial role in advancing energy storage research, particularly in supercapacitor development. Researchers have diversified materials, including metal oxides, chalcogenides, and composites, as well as carbon materials, to enhance energy and power density. Balancing energy density with electrochemical stability remains challenging, driving intensified efforts in advancing electrode materials.

Facile Approach for Metallic Precursor Engineering for Efficient Kesterite Thin-Film Solar Cells.

Kesterite-based CuZnSn(S,Se) (CZTSSe) thin-film solar cells (TFSCs) are a promising candidate for low-cost, clean energy production owing to their environmental friendliness and the earth-abundant nature of their constituents. However, the advancement of kesterite TFSCs has been impeded by abundant defects and poor microstructure, limiting their performance potential. In this study, we present efficient Ag-alloyed CZTSSe TFSCs enabled by a facile metallic precursor engineering approach.

Unveiling the Role of Ge in CZTSSe Solar Cells by Advanced Micro-To-Atom Scale Characterizations.

Kesterite is an earth-abundant energy material with high predicted power conversion efficiency, making it a sustainable and promising option for photovoltaics. However, a large open circuit voltage V deficit due to non-radiative recombination at intrinsic defects remains a major hurdle, limiting device performance. Incorporating Ge into the kesterite structure emerges as an effective approach for enhancing performance by manipulating defects and morphology.

Improving the Device Performance of CZTSSe Thin-Film Solar Cells via Indium Doping.

Cation incorporation emerges as a promising approach for improving the performance of the kesterite CuZnSn(S,Se) (CZTSSe) device. Herein, we report indium (In) doping using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique to enhance the optoelectronic properties of CZTSSe thin-film solar cells (TFSCs). To incorporate a small amount of the In element into the CZTSSe absorber thin films, an ultrathin (<10 nm) layer of InS is deposited on soft-annealed precursor (Zn-Sn-Cu) thin films prior to the sulfo-selenization process.

A Graphene-Based Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Device Enabled through a Water-Induced Interface Cleaning Process.

We report the use of four-layer graphene (4LG) as a highly reliable transparent conductive electrode (TCE) for polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC)-based smart window devices. The adhesion between 4LG and the substrate was successfully improved through a water-induced interface-cleaning (WIIC) process. We compared the performance of a device with a WIIC-processed 4LG electrode with that of devices with a conventional indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode and a 4LG electrode without a WIIC.

Factors associated with increased risk of peritoneal seeding after radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and prognosis associated with peritoneal seeding after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for HCC, focusing on viable tumors after previous locoregional treatment, including TACE and RFA.

Methods: Exactly 290 patients (mean age, 67.9 years ± 9.

Inferior Vena Cava Stenosis Following Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: Differentiating Points from False Positives.

Orthotopic liver transplantation has become the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage liver disease. Various early or delayed vascular complications, including arterial pseudoaneurysm, thrombosis, or stenosis, and venous stenosis or occlusion, may lead to graft failure. Early detection and prompt management of such complications are essential to achieve successful transplantation and prevent the need for retransplantation.

Rapid Synthesis of Ultrathin Ni:FeOOH with In Situ-Induced Oxygen Vacancies for Enhanced Water Oxidation Activity and Stability of BiVO Photoanodes.

The coupling of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts with photoanodes is a promising strategy for enhancing the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance by passivating photoanode's surface defect states and facilitating charge transfer at the photoanode/electrolyte interface. However, a serious interface recombination issue caused by poor interface and OER catalysts coating quality often limits further performance improvement of photoanodes. Herein, a rapid Fenton-like reaction method is demonstrated to produce ultrathin amorphous Ni:FeOOH catalysts with in situ-induced oxygen vacancies (Vo) to improve the water oxidation activity and stability of BiVO photoanodes.

Novel Mg- and Ga-doped ZnO/Li-Doped Graphene Oxide Transparent Electrode/Electron-Transporting Layer Combinations for High-Performance Thin-Film Solar Cells.

Herein, a novel combination of Mg- and Ga-co-doped ZnO (MGZO)/Li-doped graphene oxide (LGO) transparent electrode (TE)/electron-transporting layer (ETL) has been applied for the first time in Cu ZnSn(S,Se) (CZTSSe) thin-film solar cells (TFSCs). MGZO has a wide optical spectrum with high transmittance compared to that with conventional Al-doped ZnO (AZO), enabling additional photon harvesting, and has a low electrical resistance that increases electron collection rate. These excellent optoelectronic properties significantly improved the short-circuit current density and fill factor of the TFSCs.

Inotodiol, an antiasthmatic agent with efficacy and safety, preferentially impairs membrane-proximal signaling for mast cell activation.

While inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are the mainstay of asthma treatment, due to compliance, drug safety, and resistance issues, new medications to replace ICSs are in high demand. Inotodiol, a fungal triterpenoid, showed a unique immunosuppressive property with a preference for mast cells. It exerted a mast cell-stabilizing activity equally potent to dexamethasone in mouse anaphylaxis models when orally administered in a lipid-based formulation, upgrading bioavailability.

Efficacy of single-session 99.5% ethanol sclerotherapy for incidentally found simple renal cysts.

Simple renal cysts are the most common masses in the kidney. Most are asymptomatic and are incidentally detected on imaging examinations performed for other reasons. This study aimed to compare the results of 40 and 120 minutes ethanol sclerotherapies that were performed in a single session to treat incidentally found simple renal cysts.

Treating Sudden Onset Hepatic Encephalopathy with Coil Embolization in a Patient with a Congenital Intrahepatic Portosystemic Venous Shunt: A Case Report.

Intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt (IPSVS) is a rare vascular abnormality that involves abnormal communication between the intrahepatic portal vein and systemic veins, such as the hepatic vein or inferior vena cava. Patients with IPSVS are typically asymptomatic, and IPSVS is incidentally discovered via imaging while evaluating other diseases. However, endovascular closure of the shunt should be considered in symptomatic patients with a high-flow shunt.