Genome-wide Parallelism Underlies Rapid Freshwater Adaptation Fueled by Standing Genetic Variation in a Wild Fish.

A fundamental focus of ecological and evolutionary biology is determining how natural populations adapt to environmental changes. Rapid parallel phenotypic evolution can be leveraged to uncover the genetics of adaptation. Using population genomic approaches, we investigated the genetic architecture underlying rapid parallel freshwater adaptation of Neosalanx brevirostris by comparing four freshwater-resident populations with their common ancestral anadromous population.

Response to crizotinib in advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with ZKSCAN1-MET fusion and MET amplification: case reports and literature review.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most prevalent liver cancer after hepatocellular carcinoma and is characterized by high malignancy and poor prognosis. Gemcitabine combined with cisplatin is the standard first-line therapy for metastatic or unresectable ICC. The combination of immunotherapy and targeted therapy represents a promising new direction for ICC treatment.

Tobacco and alcohol use are the risk factors responsible for the greatest burden of head and neck cancers: a study from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Background: The risk factors associated with cancers of the larynx, nasopharynx, lips, and oral cavity, as well as other pharyngeal cancers, share many similarities. To better understand how these risk factors manifest differently across various head and neck tumor types, we utilized data from the GBD database to conduct an in-depth analysis.

Methods: Our study employed the 2019 GBD dataset to scrutinize trends in incidence, mortality, and DALYs related to these cancers.

Case of nasopharyngeal tuberculosis complicated with cervical lymph node and pulmonary tuberculosis.

Multiple cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) combined with pulmonary TB are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Nasopharyngeal TB is often ignored because of its hidden location and nonspecific manifestations. A correlation between cervical lymph node and nasopharyngeal TB has been observed; however, reports of cervical lymph node TB complicated with nasopharyngeal TB are rare, potentially leading to missed diagnosis.

Exosomal delivery of rapamycin modulates blood-brain barrier penetration and VEGF axis in glioblastoma.

Exosomes (Exos), nanosized membranous vesicles (30-160 nm), have been validated as an effective drug delivery system capable of traversing biological barriers. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), due to their near-limitless self-renewal capabilities, provide a plentiful source of exosomes for clinical applications. In this study, we utilized an exosome-encapsulated rapamycin (Exo-Rapa) delivery strategy, which permits the use of smaller drug dosages to achieve effects typically seen with higher dosages, thus enhancing drug efficacy.

The Small GTPase Ran Increases Sensitivity of Ovarian Cancer Cells to Oncolytic Vesicular Stomatitis Virus.

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic cancer, and with the majority of patients dying within the first five years of diagnosis, new therapeutic options are required. The small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) Ras-related nuclear protein (Ran) has been reported to be highly expressed in high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs) and associated with poor outcomes. Blocking Ran function or preventing its expression were shown to be promising treatment strategies, however, there are currently no small molecule inhibitors available to specifically inhibit Ran function.

Comparison of Fusion Rate and Clinical Outcomes in Minimally Invasive and Conventional Posterior Fusion for Lumbar Degenerative Disease: A Network Meta-Analysis.

Background: The fusion rate, clinical efficacy, and complications of minimally invasive fusion surgery and open fusion surgery in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease are still unclear.

Methods: We conducted a literature search using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and WANFANG databases.

Results: This study included 38 retrospective studies involving 3097 patients.

SC912 inhibits AR-V7 activity in castration-resistant prostate cancer by targeting the androgen receptor N-terminal domain.

Androgen deprivation therapies (ADT) are the mainstay treatments for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). ADT suppresses the androgen receptor (AR) signaling by blocking androgen biosynthesis or inhibiting AR with antiandrogens that target AR's ligand-binding domain (LBD). However, the ADT's effect is short-lived, as the AR signaling inevitably arises again, which is frequently coupled with AR-V7 overexpression.

[Spatial Variability and Source Apportionment of PM Carbon Components in Tianjin].

The contents of eight carbonaceous subfractions were determined by simultaneously collecting PM samples from four sites in different functional areas of Tianjin in 2021. The results showed that the organic carbon (OC) concentration was 3.7 μg·m to 4.

[Corrigendum] Long non‑coding RNA LINC00238 suppresses the malignant phenotype of liver cancer by sponging miR‑522.

Subsequently to the publication of the above article, an interested reader drew to the authors' attention that two pairs of data panels featured in Figs. 2E and 6D, portraying the results from cell invasion and migration assay experiments, appeared to contain overlapping sections, such that data which were intended to show the results from differently performed experiments had apparently been derived from a smaller number of original sources. The authors were able to re‑examine their original data (which was also presented to the Editorial Office), and realized that errors has been made in the compilation of Fig.

Preoperative assessment of retroperitoneal Liposarcoma using volume-based F-FDG PET/CT: implications for surgical strategy and prognosis.

Purpose: Retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RLPS) poses a challenging scenario for surgeons due to its unpredictable biological behavior. Surgery remains the primary curative option for RLPS; however, the need for additional information to guide surgical strategies persists. Volume-based F-FDG PET/CT may solve this issue.

Raddeanin A isolated from Anemone raddeana Regel improves pathological and cognitive deficits of the mice model of Alzheimer's disease by targeting β-amyloidosis.

Background: Raddeanin A is a triterpenoid isolated from Anemone raddeana Regel. It exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities such as anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory, however, its neuroprotective effect in targeting Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains uninvestigated.

Purpose: To provide scientific base for the development of novel AD drug by clarifying the neuroprotective effect and molecular mechanisms of raddeanin A in both in vitro and in vivo AD model.

A NRF2 inhibitor selectively sensitizes KEAP1 mutant tumor cells to cisplatin and gefitinib by restoring NRF2-inhibitory function of KEAP1 mutants.

NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) is a master regulator of protective responses in healthy tissues. However, when it is active in tumor cells, it can result in drug resistance. KEAP1, the endogenous NRF2 inhibitor, binds NRF2 and redirects it to proteasomal degradation, so the KEAP1/NRF2 interaction is critical for maintaining NRF2 at a basal level.

Age-related self-DNA accumulation may accelerate arthritis in rats and in human rheumatoid arthritis.

The incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is increasing with age. DNA fragments is known to accumulate in certain autoimmune diseases, but the mechanistic relationship among ageing, DNA fragments and RA pathogenesis remain unexplored. Here we show that the accumulation of DNA fragments, increasing with age and regulated by the exonuclease TREX1, promotes abnormal activation of the immune system in an adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat model.

Cytoreductive surgery offers prognostic benefits in metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors with generalized progression following imatinib therapy: a single institute retrospective study.

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Distant metastasis has been detected in approximately 50% of GIST patients at the first diagnosis. The surgical strategy for metastatic GIST with generalized progression (GP) after imatinib therapy remains unclear.

Discovery of a Small-Molecule Inhibitor Targeting the Androgen Receptor N-Terminal Domain for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

The current mainstay therapeutic strategy for advanced prostate cancer is to suppress androgen receptor (AR) signaling. However, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) invariably arises with restored AR signaling activity. To date, the AR ligand-binding domain (LBD) is the only targeted region for all clinically available AR signaling antagonists, such as enzalutamide (ENZ).

[Chemical Characteristics and Source Apportionment for VOCs During the Ozone Pollution Episodes and Non-ozone Pollution Periods in Qingdao].

The ambient concentration of ozone is high in Qingdao, and ozone pollution episodes occur frequently in summer. The refined source apportionment of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their ozone formation potential (OFP) during ozone pollution episodes and non-ozone pollution periods can play an important role in effectively reducing air ozone pollution in coastal cities and continuously improving ambient air quality. Therefore, this study applied the online VOCs monitoring data with hourly resolution in summer (from June to August) in 2020 in Qingdao to analyze the chemical characteristics of ambient VOCs during the ozone pollution episodes and non-ozone pollution periods and conducted the refined source apportionment of ambient VOCs and their OFP using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model.

[Spatial-temporal Variation and Driving Factors of Ozone in China from 2019 to 2021 Based on EOF Technique and KZ Filter].

Based on the hourly O concentration data of 337 prefectural-level divisions and simultaneous surface meteorological data in China, we applied empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to analyze the main spatial patterns, variation trends, and main meteorological driving factors of O concentration in China from March to August in 2019-2021. In this study, a KZ (Kolmogorov-Zurbenko) filter was used to decompose the time series of O concentration and simultaneous meteorological factors into corresponding short-term, seasonal, and long-term components in 31 provincial capitals.Then, the stepwise regression was used to establish the relationship between O and meteorological factors.