DeepSMR: Decoding high-complex motor imagery via subject-dependent multi-feature refinement in deep convolutional networks.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a noninvasive neuroimaging technique that records electrical activity in the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp. It is widely used in neuroscience, clinical diagnosis, and brain-computer interface (BCI) applications to analyze brain signals in real time. This study proposes an advanced EEG-based BCI framework designed to decode and classify individual finger movements within a single hand during a finger-tapping task involving all five fingers.

Far-infrared radiation-mediated GPx-1/eNOS/ERK signaling contributes to the protective potential against methamphetamine-caused impairments in recognition memory in mice.

Far-infrared radiation (FIR) induces glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) expression and enhances microcirculation by upregulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). However, the role of eNOS in FIR-mediated neuroprotection remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether FIR upregulates eNOS and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling to mitigate recognition memory impairment caused by methamphetamine (MA).

Application of Explainable Artificial Intelligence for personalized childhood weight management using IoT data.

Childhood obesity is a growing global health concern as it is correlated with an increased risk of adult-onset and chronic diseases. Recent advances in digital healthcare technologies have enhanced the efficiency of health data analysis and diagnosis, leading to increased interest in artificial intelligence (AI) applications in childhood obesity research; however, several challenges remain, such as data limitations, class-imbalance issues, and difficulties in model interpretability. This study addresses these challenges through a comprehensive framework that utilizes wearable devices for real-time lifestyle data collection and employs Wasserstein generative adversarial networks (WGANs) to address data imbalance concerns.

Mechanobiologically Engineered Mimicry of Extracellular Vesicles for Improved Systemic Biodistribution and Anti-Inflammatory Treatment Efficacy in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Liposomal membrane elasticity is a controlling parameter in designing liposome-based drug delivery systems and significantly affects biodistribution and biofunctional effects. Although extensively investigated in tumor models, the impact of liposomal membrane elasticity on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains underexplored. RA presents unique challenges, such as tortuous blood vessels, increased permeability, and chronic inflammation, which necessitate a specialized drug delivery strategy.

Surface-Engineering of Pancreatic Islets with Chitosan Microparticles to Inhibit IBMIR in Islet Xenotransplantation.

Intraportal islet transplantation is an effective beta-cell replacement therapy for restoring insulin production in patients with type 1 diabetes. However, transplanted islets are rapidly lost due to a strong immediate inflammatory reaction, termed as instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR). Current preventive therapies for IBMIR face systemic side effects such as bleeding risks.

Local delivery of IL-12 mRNA and indoximod prodrug potentiates antitumor immunity by increasing T cell effector function.

The administration of recombinant cytokines, particularly interleukin-12 (IL-12), holds promising clinical potential for treating various cancers. Sustained intratumoral delivery of IL-12 can restore tumor resident CD8 effector T cells and induce the priming of antitumor CD8 effector T cells. However, these CD8 T cell-dependent anticancer efficacy is usually transient and accompanies the activation of immune suppressive CD4Foxp3 T regulatory cells.

Senkyunolide A mitigates lipid deposition in hyperlipidemic hepatocytes through SIRT6-mediated suppression of oxidative stress and fetuin-A.

Senkyunolide A (SenA), a phthalide compound isolated from celery seed essential oil, is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in various disease models. However, its impact on hepatic lipid metabolism and associated molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the protective effects of SenA against lipotoxicity-induced hepatic steatosis and explored its underlying pathways.

Resolvin D5: A lipid mediator with a therapeutic effect on hepatic steatosis through SIRT6/autophagy.

Resolvin D5 (RD5), a lipid mediator derived from DHA via 5-lipoxygenase signaling, has been shown to resolve inflammation in various disease models. This study aimed to investigate the role of RD5 in the development of hepatic steatosis in individuals with obesity and explore the detailed mechanisms involved. Protein expression was evaluated via Western blot analysis, whereas hepatic lipid deposition was examined via Oil Red O staining and triglyceride quantification.

Valdecoxib Ameliorates Apoptosis and Ferroptosis in Tenocytes via the SIRT6/NRF2-Mediated Suppression of Oxidative Stress.

Background And Aims: Valdecoxib (VAL), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is widely used in the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. In addition to its anti-inflammatory properties, VAL has been shown to improve skeletal muscle insulin resistance and attenuate hepatic steatosis in obese individuals. However, its potential effects on oxidative stress injury in tenocytes remain unclear.

Bioengineered metastatic cancer nanovaccine with a TLR7/8 agonist for needle-free intranasal immunization.

Recent outbreaks and the global spread of infectious diseases increased the need for the development of mucosal vaccines because of their ability to induce both an antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune response. Vaccines are commonly administered via a systemic route which is ineffective at inducing mucosal immunity. Therefore, developing mucosal vaccines is necessary to prevent and treat diseases that could not only elicit mucosal immune responses but also facilitate mass vaccination via a needle-free approach.

Neuroinflammation Involving Endothelin-1 and Platelet-Activating Factor Receptors Contributes To Self-Injurious Behaviors Induced by Bay k-8644 in Adolescent Mice.

Bay k-8644, an activator of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels, induces self-injurious behaviors in mice. Although previous studies using animal models have suggested the possible implications of neuroinflammation in self-injurious behaviors, this has not yet been elucidated in the context of Bay k-8644-induced self-injurious behaviors. In this study, Bay k-8644 (50 µg, i.

Myricetin promotes migration and prevents palmitate-induced apoptosis in cultured tenocytes through AMPK-dependent pathways.

Myricetin (Myr), a flavonoid present in vegetables and fruits, has been shown to ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress in various disease models. However, the effects of Myr on hyperlipidemic tenocytes have not been studied. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effects of Myr on the features of tendinopathy in cultured tenocytes under hyperlipidemic conditions.

Donepezil alleviates hepatic steatosis by mitigating ER stress via the AMPK/autophagy pathway.

Donepezil (Do), a drug known for its ability to reduce neuronal inflammation and for its use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, has shown promise in combating hepatic lipid accumulation in hyperlipidemic conditions and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a factor associated with alterations in hepatic lipid metabolism. However, the mechanisms by which these problems are alleviated have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of Do on hepatic lipid metabolism through both in vitro and in vivo studies.

Urolithin A attenuates apoptosis and ferroptosis in hyperlipidemic tenocytes through PPARδ/ALDH2-mediated antioxidative signaling.

Urolithin A (URA), a product of the gut microflora from foods rich in ellagitannins found in berries and nuts, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress properties in various disease models. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death, is considered a pathogenic cause of tendinopathy. However, the effects of URA on hyperlipidemic tenocytes and the related molecular mechanisms for the treatment of tendinopathy have not been elucidated.

SEPO-FI: Deep-learning based software to calculate fusion index of muscle cells.

The fusion index is a critical metric for quantitatively assessing the transformation of in vitro muscle cells into myotubes in the biological and medical fields. Traditional methods for calculating this index manually involve the labor-intensive counting of numerous muscle cell nuclei in images, which necessitates determining whether each nucleus is located inside or outside the myotubes, leading to significant inter-observer variation. To address these challenges, this study proposes a three-stage process that integrates the strengths of pattern recognition and deep-learning to automatically calculate the fusion index.

Phase 1 study of AYP-101 (soybean phosphatidylcholine): safety, pharmacokinetics, and lipid profile effects for reducing submental fat.

Background: Excessive submental fat under the chin is a known aesthetic concern because of its negative impact on facial appearance and psychological well-being. AYP-101 is a newly developed injectable agent containing 93% soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) designed to reduce submental fat. We conducted a phase 1 study to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetic (PK), and lipid profile effects of AYP-101.

Ideal animal models according to multifaceted mechanisms and peculiarities in neurological disorders: present and challenges.

Neurological disorders, encompassing conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), pose a significant global health challenge, affecting millions worldwide. With an aging population and increased life expectancy, the prevalence of these disorders is escalating rapidly, leading to substantial economic burdens exceeding trillions of dollars annually. Animal models play a crucial role in understanding the underlying mechanisms of these disorders and developing effective treatments.

Donepezil improves skeletal muscle insulin resistance in obese mice via the AMPK/FGF21-mediated suppression of inflammation and ferroptosis.

Donepezil has traditionally been used in Alzheimer's disease treatment and is known for its ability to alleviate neural inflammation and apoptosis. However, its impact on insulin signaling remains unexplored. This study sought to elucidate the novel role of donepezil in mitigating skeletal muscle insulin resistance under hyperlipidemic conditions.

Comparative analysis of whole exome sequencing kits for the canine genome.

Objectives: As the public's interest in companion dogs grows, health issues in these animals are also emerging, necessitating the optimization of whole exome sequencing (WES) as a valuable method for disease prediction. While WES targeting the human genome is well established, WES targeting the canine genome is understudied, and there is a need to find effective analysis kits.

Methods: We compared and analyzed the performance of three WES kits from Twist and Agilent using the canine genome as the target to perform genetic analysis of canine diseases effectively.

Upadacitinib counteracts hepatic lipid deposition via the repression of JAK1/STAT3 signaling and AMPK/autophagy-mediated suppression of ER stress.

Upadacitinib (UPA) has been utilized to treat conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, atopic dermatitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, ankylosing spondylitis, and axial spondyloarthritis by modulating inflammation via the JAK pathway. However, its impact on hepatic lipogenesis remains insufficiently studied. This research evaluated protein expression through Western blotting, lipid accumulation with oil red O staining, autophagosomes in hepatocytes via MDC staining, and hepatic apoptosis via cell viability and caspase 3 activity assays.

Multimodal three-dimensional characterization of murine skeletal muscle micro-scale elasticity, structure, and composition: Impact of dysferlinopathy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and age on three hind-limb muscles.

Skeletal muscle tissue function is governed by the mechanical properties and organization of its components, including myofibers, extracellular matrix, and adipose tissue, which can be modified by the onset and progression of many disorders. This study used a novel combination of quantitative micro-elastography and clearing-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) microscopy to assess 3D micro-scale elasticity and micro-architecture of muscles from two muscular dystrophies: dysferlinopathy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, using male BLA/J and mdx mice, respectively, and their wild-type (WT) controls. We examined three muscles with varying proportions of slow- and fast-twitch myofibers: the soleus (predominantly slow), extensor digitorum longus (EDL; fast), and quadriceps (mixed), from BLA/J and WT mice aged 3, 10, and 24 months, and mdx and WT mice aged 10 months.

The Extract of Humulus japonicus Inhibits Lipogenesis and Promotes Lipolysis via PKA/p38 Signaling.

Introduction: Previous research has shown that an aqueous extract of Humulus japonicus (EH) can ameliorate hypertension, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and oxidative stress in adipocytes by activating the thermogenic pathway. However, the effects of an ethanol (30%) extract of EH on obesity are unknown.

Methods: Various protein expression levels in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were assessed by Western blotting.