From Carbon Nitrides to COFs: Opportunities and Prospects in Photocatalytic CO Reduction.

The continuing increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO), a major greenhouse gas and accelerating climate change are driving demand for innovative mitigation strategies. The photocatalytic CO reduction reaction (PCORR) presents a promising and sustainable route to convert CO into useful hydrocarbons and fuels utilizing sunlight, thereby mitigating CO emissions. This review examines the developmental aspects of light-driven CO conversion using organic polymeric photocatalysts, focusing on carbon nitrides (CNs), covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), and covalent organic frameworks (COFs).

Modulating Oxygen Evolution Reaction Pathways via (Oxy)Hydroxide-Driven Surface Reconstruction on TiC MXene Electrocatalysts.

The oxygen path mechanism (OPM) has gained increasing interest as an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) pathway with facile O-O coupling. Importantly, OPM differs from both adsorbate evolution (AEM) and lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) routes, which involve multiple intermediates and lattice oxygen, respectively. Here, an electro-activated reduced TiC MXene (rTiC) system is introduced that modulates the OER pathway by governing the population of (oxy)hydroxide species on rTiC surfaces.

Hierarchical chiral supramolecular assemblies with strong and invertible chiroptical properties.

Supramolecular assemblies hold great promise for advanced chiral materials because of their structural diversity and dynamic features, but their low chiroptical activity limits practical applications. We report hierarchical supramolecular assemblies with giant chiroptical activity and mechanical attributes achieved through coassembly of achiral amphiphilic unimolecular micelles and chiral additives. Chiral fibrillar assemblies emerge from the nanostructured environment imposed by the micelles, driven by progressive chirality transfer through multiple hydrogen bonds between components.

Pharmacokinetic variability of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides Rb1, rd, and compound K from Korean red ginseng in experimental rodents.

Korean red ginseng (KRG, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) contains ginsenosides, which are metabolized into active metabolites with various pharmacological effects.

Chestnut () Inner-Shell Extract Attenuates Barium-Chloride-Induced Injury and Denervation-Induced Atrophy in Skeletal Muscle of Mice.

: Chestnut inner shells, traditionally used in Korean and Chinese herbal medicine, contain antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds that contribute to complementary medicine. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of chestnut inner-shell extract (CIE) on skeletal muscle injury and atrophy using both in vivo and in vitro models. : We used three experimental models representing distinct pathological mechanisms: (1) barium chloride (BaCl)-induced muscle injury to model acute myofiber damage, (2) sciatic nerve transection to model chronic neurogenic muscle atrophy, and (3) HO-treated C2C12 myoblasts to model oxidative-stress-related myogenic impairment.

Spin-polarized Acidic Water Electrolysis with Antenna-Reactor Plasmonic Electrocatalysts.

Water electrolysis, driven by renewable electricity, offers a sustainable path for hydrogen production. However, efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts are needed to overcome the high overpotentials of both the oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction. To address this, a novel catalyst system is developed integrating plasmonic nanoreactors with chirality-induced spin selectivity.

Plasmon-Driven Reorientation of Interfacial Water for Wastewater Electrolysis with Light-Emitting Diode Illumination.

Regulating the orientation and dynamics of interfacial water is essential for optimizing electrocatalytic reactions, yet it remains challenging due to its intrinsic disorder. Here, it is demonstrated that localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) on an Ir single-atom Au catalyst actively restructures the hydrogen-bond (HB) network, accelerating ammonia oxidation reaction kinetics. In situ Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal that plasmonic excitation shifts the HB network toward a more flexible configuration, favoring the formation of three-coordinated hydrogen-bonded water (3HB·HO) while suppressing cation-associated species (K·HO).

Colloidal Synthesis of Plasmonic Complex Metal Nanoparticles: Sequential Execution of Multiple Chemical Toolkits Increases Morphological Complexity.

In nature, complexity emerges systematically, progressing from atoms to molecules, cells, and, ultimately, complex living organisms. This natural bottom-up evolution inspired chemists to devise similarly organized processes for the creation of complex artificial matter. Similarly, the systematic design of customizable, complex nanocrystals has long been a fundamental goal.

AZD 9668, a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, promotes wound healing in the irradiated skin by inhibiting NET-derived vascular dysfunction.

Despite the increasing awareness of the health risks associated with radiation exposure such as radiotherapy and accidents, effective treatments remain limited except for bone marrow damage. Radiation-induced skin damage is a critical concern as it is often accompanied by severe inflammation and delayed wound healing. Endothelial cells have emerged as a promising therapeutic target for addressing such radiation-induced damage.

and Flower Extract Complex Alleviates Kidney Inflammation and Fibrosis by Modulating Oxidative Stress.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by functional and structural abnormalities, with its progression strongly influenced by oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, ultimately leading to renal fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a and flower extract complex (NEPROBIN) through in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro experiments with NRK52E renal tubular epithelial cells demonstrated that NEPROBIN significantly alleviates HO-induced oxidative stress and suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathways.

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Exposure Provokes Greater Lung Inflammation in Females Than Males in the Context of Obesity.

Background: Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease responsible for causing various health problems. Obese individuals experience disrupted homeostasis, thus making them more vulnerable to environmental pollutants. This study investigated the effect of pre-existing obesity on respiratory toxicity and explored whether sex differences exist in the response to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO-NPs), a component of air pollutants.

Ensemble hot-spots in 3D supercrystals of plasmonic octahedral nanoparticles in tip-to-tip configured superlattices.

Nanoparticle assembly offers promising strategy for harnessing the physicochemical interparticle interactions. Despite its potential for boosting light-matter interaction, achieving nanoparticle assembly with tip-to-tip manner remains a significant challenge. Here we show a synthetic procedure for organizing gold octahedral nanoparticles into a distinct three-dimensional upright superstructure, where the pointed tips are oriented toward neighboring nanoparticles to promote enhanced near-field focusing at these apexes.

Gender Differences in Adenine Diet-Induced Kidney Toxicity: The Impact of 17β-Estradiol on Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) involves ongoing impairment of kidney function and structural changes. Previous studies indicated that males have a substantially higher prevalence of CKD than those observed in females. Here, we compared the gender differences in CKD development by comparing age-matched male and female mice subjected to a 0.

Heterologous Expression of Laccase1 from in .

Laccases are enzymes capable of oxidizing phenolic compounds and are important tools in different industrial processes. Heterologous expression of laccases is of great interest in biotechnological applications but achieving high expression levels is challenging. Three different laccases have been identified in the chestnut blight fungus , among which a tannic acid-inducible laccase (laccase3) was successfully expressed using .

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation of Amoxicillin Against in Dogs.

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria from companion animals poses significant public health risks. Prudent antibiotic use, particularly through pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics modeling, is crucial for minimizing resistance. We investigated the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of amoxicillin (AMX) against .

Oral toxicity and genotoxicity assessment of standardized (L.) extract and the pharmacokinetic profile of its active ingredient chicoric acid.

Unlabelled: (L.), a member of family, has traditionally been used in numerous countries to treat and prevent various immune-related diseases. This study confirmed the oral toxicity and genotoxicity profile of standardized extract under good laboratory practice (GLP) conditions and the pharmacokinetic features of chicoric acid, a major ingredient in extract.

Ionic liquid-grafted activated carbon for selective removal of PFAS by adsorption in drinking water.

Hydrophobic interaction and anion exchange are major adsorption mechanisms of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) for most adsorbents. Activated carbon (AC) primarily adsorbs PFAS through hydrophobic interactions, but its removal efficiency decreases in drinking water treatment plants (DWTP) due to competition from other water constituents. To address this challenge, we grafted hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs) onto AC, producing hydrophobic adsorbents with PFAS-selective anion exchange sites.

Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Egg Residues of Amoxicillin, Single and in Combination with Bromhexine, in Laying Hens.

The need for antibiotics in commercial laying hens is increasing owing to intensive farming systems. Amoxicillin trihydrate (AMX), an aminopenicillin β-lactam antibiotic, exerts broad bactericidal activity. However, its short half-life necessitates frequent administration to ensure efficacy, thus limiting its use.

Korean Red Ginseng alleviates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis through gut microbiota modulation in mice.

Background: There is a growing interest in understanding the association between the gut microbiota and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Natural compounds, such as Korean Red Ginseng (KRG), show promise for IBD treatment because of their ability to influence gut microbiota. This study explored the effects of KRG on gut microbiota modulation and subsequent intestinal epithelial cell regeneration in an experimental colitis model.

Construction of multilayered gene circuits using de-novo-designed synthetic transcriptional regulators in cell-free systems.

Background: De-novo-designed synthetic transcriptional regulators have great potential as the genetic parts for constructing complex multilayered gene circuits. The design flexibility afforded by advanced nucleic acid sequence design tools vastly expands the repertoire of regulatory elements for circuit design. In principle, the design space of synthetic regulators should allow for the construction of regulatory circuits of arbitrary complexity; still, the orthogonality and robustness of such components have not been fully elucidated, thereby limiting the depth and width of synthetic circuits.

Effects of high-fat diet on folic acid-induced kidney injury in mice.

Obesity is recognized as a significant contributor to the onset of kidney disease. However, the key processes involved in the development of kidney disease in obese individuals are not well understood. Here, we investigated the effects of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on folic acid (FA)-induced kidney injury in mice.

NRF2 Activation by AR-20007 Preserves Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells from Antimycin A-Induced Cell Death via Glutathione Metabolism Regulation.

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development and progression of various kidney diseases. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is the primary transcription factor that protects cells from oxidative stress by regulating cytoprotective genes including those involved in the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) pathway. GSH maintains cellular redox status and affects redox signaling, cell proliferation, and cell death.

Turmeric extract alleviates airway inflammation via oxidative stress-driven MAPKs/MMPs pathway.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) extract (CLE) has been shown to elicit several pharmacological properties and is widely used in Asian traditional medicine. Herein, we assessed the impact of CLE on airway inflammation in BALB/c mice and A549 cells to clarify the underlying mechanism.