Timing for the Resumption of Anticoagulants after Intracranial Hemorrhage.

Objective: To identify the ideal timing for resuming oral or injectable anticoagulants therapy after spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (sICH).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 90 patients from a tertiary hospital in Korea, between June 2000 and May 2022, who had experienced sICH while receiving anticoagulant therapy and who resumed treatment within six months. Exclusions were made for trauma-induced hemorrhages and early post-ictus fatalities.

Standardization of Germinated Oat Extracts and Their Neuroprotective Effects Against Aβ Induced Cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells.

The present study aimed to standardize germinated oat extracts (GOEs) by profiling avenanthramides (AVNs) and phenolic acids and evaluate their neuroprotective effects against Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. GOEs were standardized to contain 1652.56 ± 3.

Preoperative thrombocytopenia as a predictor of cancer-associated thromboembolism in gastric cancer patients undergoing gastrectomy.

Purpose: Cancer-associated thromboembolism (CAT) is a major complication in gastric cancer, impacting patient outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate preoperative thrombocytopenia as a risk factor for CAT in gastric cancer patients undergoing gastrectomy.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 610 gastric cancer patients who underwent D2 gastrectomy between 2005 and 2017.

Longitudinal changes in body composition during palliative systemic chemotherapy and survival outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer.

Background: In patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, chemotherapy may lead to changes in body composition, including skeletal muscle quantity and quality, and body fat area and distribution. Longitudinal follow-up data in a homogeneous population are required to understand these changes better.

Aim: To comprehensively evaluate changes in body composition and their prognostic value in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer undergoing palliative chemotherapy.

Multifunctional gradations of TPMS architected heat exchanger for enhancements in flow and heat exchange performances.

Heat exchangers (HXs) based on triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) architectures have recently attracted significant interest due to their continuous and smooth shell structures with extensive surface areas. This study proposes an efficient design methodology for TPMS-based HXs by employing three gradation strategies to enhance their thermofluidic performance: (i) filtering gradation to guide hot and cold fluids through designated inlet and outlet regions with reduced flow resistance; (ii) cell-size gradation to ensure uniform flow distribution by reducing dead zones; and (iii) level-set gradation to maintain a minimum allowable wall thickness under cell-size variations. These multifunctional gradations are realized through adaptive manipulation of the signed distance fields for TPMS formulations.

Preliminary results of pravastatin on non-hemorrhagic vertebral artery dissection: an exploratory randomized and controlled study.

Background: There is limited information about the pleiotropic effects of statin on cerebrovascular diseases. The authors aimed to investigate the effect of pravastatin on non-hemorrhagic vertebral artery dissection (VAD) in a clinical setting.

Methods: An exploratory randomized and controlled study was designed for the non-hemorrhage VAD (CRIS, KCT00035970).

Virtual Data Collection Strategies in Research on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD).

Background And Objectives: Remote data collection emerged as a valuable method for engaging vulnerable populations, such as individuals participating in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) research. Despite challenges like technology readiness and privacy concerns, remote methods have the potential to enhance participation among diverse groups by offering flexibility while addressing accessibility barriers such as geographic distance. This study shares experiences with virtual data collection and the strategies employed to enhance ADRD research involving individuals with and at risk of cognitive impairment.

Electrochemical deprotonation of halohydrins enables cascading reactions for CO capture and conversion into ethylene carbonate.

Electrochemical processes for CO mitigation can be broadly categorized into two approaches: CO capture via electrochemically generated bases and CO conversion through electrochemical reduction. Recent advancements have been concentrated to developing methods that efficiently capture and release CO or reduce base-CO adducts while regenerating bases for subsequent CO capture. In this study, we introduce an electrochemical strategy that integrates CO capture and conversion through a series of domino reactions initiated by the electrochemical generation of organic bases.

Real-world characteristics and survival outcomes of patients with metastatic ALK fusion-positive solid tumors treated with standard-of-care therapies.

Background: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusions can be found in different solid tumors. This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics and investigate survival outcomes of patients with ALK fusion-positive solid tumors (excluding non-small cell lung cancer [NSCLC]) treated with standard-of-care therapies in a real-world setting.

Patients And Methods: Data for patients with metastatic solid tumors (excluding NSCLC) who had ≥1 Foundation Medicine comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) test between January 1, 2011 and September 30, 2023, were obtained from a nationwide (US-based) de-identified multi-tumor clinico-genomic database.

Determination of 59 Psychotropic Drugs, Including Antipsychotics, Antidepressants, Antiepileptics, Anti-Alcohol Abuse Drugs, Anti-ADHD Drugs, and Their Metabolites in Urine Using LC-MS/MS for Medication Compliance Monitoring.

Increasing social concern regarding individuals with mental health disorders in the criminal justice system has underscored the need for effective strategies to reduce recidivism. Medication compliance monitoring is a critical approach that ensures adherence to prescribed treatments, facilitating the reintegration of these individuals into society. This study focuses on the development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for detecting 59 psychotropic drugs and their metabolites in urine, addressing a significant gap in existing monitoring techniques.

Synthetic data production for biomedical research.

Synthetic data, generated using advanced artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, replicates the statistical properties of real-world datasets while excluding identifiable information. Although synthetic data does not consist of actual data points, it is derived from original datasets, thereby enabling analyses that yield results comparable to those obtained with real data. Synthetic datasets are evaluated based on their utility-a measure of how effectively they mirror real data for analytical purposes.

Prognostic Relevance of ctDNA RAS Mutation in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated With Cetuximab.

Background: RAS mutations are important biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of anti-EGFR treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The emergence of RAS mutations is a known resistance mechanism. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) RAS mutations in patients with mCRC treated with cetuximab, focusing on the temporal dynamics of RAS mutation emergence.

Emotional distress following amyloid PET result disclosure: Heightened among those with cognitive symptoms.

Introduction: We examined differences in emotional distress following amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) results disclosure across the cognitive spectrum, including individuals who are cognitively unimpaired, with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia.

Methods: Seventy-five participants from the University of Pittsburgh Alzheimer's Disease Research Center who completed baseline PET and an initial follow-up call were included in the analysis. Multiple linear regression was employed to examine differences in distress among diagnostic groups, as measured by Impact of Genetic Testing for Alzheimer's Disease (IGT-AD) adapted for amyloid PET.

Prediction of Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome After Combined Bypass Surgery in Moyamoya Disease Using Hemodynamic and Clinical Data.

Purpose: Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) is a postoperative complication in moyamoya disease (MMD). However, limited studies have investigated the association between preoperative hemodynamic features and postoperative CHS. In this study, we aimed to identify the predictors of postoperative CHS in MMD using preoperative hemodynamic and clinical data.

Antitumor effects of immunotherapy combined with BRAF and MEK inhibitors in BRAF V600E metastatic colorectal cancer.

BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer correlates with poor prognosis and limited response to standard treatments. Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with BRAF/MEK inhibitors shows promise against BRAF-mutant melanoma in both preclinical and clinical trials. Therefore, we hypothesized that the treatment would be effective against BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer.

Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2022.

Purpose: The current study provides national cancer statistics and their secular trends in Korea, including incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2022, with international comparisons.

Materials And Methods: Cancer incidence, survival, and prevalence rates were calculated using the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database (1999-2022), with survival follow-up until December 31, 2023. Mortality data obtained from Statistics Korea, while international comparisons were based on GLOBOCAN data.

Prediction of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Korea, 2025.

Purpose: This study aimed to project cancer incidence and mortality for 2025 to estimate Korea's current cancer burden.

Materials And Methods: Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2022 were obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, while cancer mortality data from 1993 to 2023 were acquired from Statistics Korea. Cancer incidence and mortality were projected by fitting a linear regression model to observed age-specific cancer rates against their respective years and then by multiplying the projected age-specific rates by the anticipated age-specific population for 2025.

A dilute-and-shoot LC-MS/MS determination of low-dosage third-generation antipsychotics and their metabolites in urine using an ultra-short column.

Third-generation atypical antipsychotics, known for their enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects compared to previous generations, are now extensively utilized in the treatment of schizophrenia. Due to their chemical properties and low dosages, these drugs are present at low concentrations in urine, making it challenging to monitor medication compliance among probationers. In this study, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of three third-generation antipsychotics and their main metabolites in urine.

Critical Role of Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 4 in Brain Function.

Although Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 (Arhgef4) is highly expressed in the brain, its function remains poorly understood. Our previous study showed that Arhgef4 negatively regulates excitatory postsynaptic regional activity. This study investigated the effects of Arhgef4 deletion in postnatal forebrain-specific knockout mice on brain function, synaptic proteins, and behaviors.

Combination treatment with rapamycin and glucocorticoid protects the death of mesostriatal dopaminergic neurons in animal model of Parkinson's disease.

Glucocorticoids have been used to treat inflammatory diseases because of their potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions. However, chronic use of high levels of glucocorticoids causes several adverse effects, limiting their clinical utility. Here, we explored the therapeutic potential of a combination treatment involving reduced concentrations of rapamycin, an autophagy activator and immunosuppressant, and glucocorticoids in an animal model of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Assessment of greenhouse gas emissions and environmental impacts in the manufacturing process of thermoelectric coolers: A life-cycle impact perspective.

A path to carbon neutrality requires the development of refrigeration units that use no refrigerant or emit less greenhouse gas (GHG), such as Thermoelectric coolers (TECs). Using the life cycle inventory assessment (LCIA), the environmental impacts of the manufacturing process of TECs were analyzed, including greenhouse gas emissions, human carcinogenic toxicity (HCT), terrestrial ecotoxicity (TE), freshwater ecotoxicity (FE), mineral resource scarcity (MRS), and fossil resource scarcity (FRS). The alumina plate manufacturing process produces the most GHG emissions because it uses a lot of electricity in the sintering process.

Clinical Characteristics of and Treatment Pattern for EGFR-Amplified Colorectal Cancer.

Purpose: To compare clinicopathologic features and clinical outcomes of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) based on EGFR amplification status.

Materials And Methods: Patients with mCRC who underwent next-generation sequencing using a targeted 244-gene panel from 2016 to 2021 were identified and screened for EGFR copy numbers. Cases with at least 5 copies were reviewed for tumor purity adjustment, and those with an adjusted copy number of ≥6 were defined as EGFR-amplified (EGFR amp+).

Effects of Scalp Nerve Block on Symptomatic Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome After Combined Revascularization Surgery for Moyamoya Disease.

Background: Strict blood pressure control can be used to prevent or treat cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome. This study investigated whether scalp nerve block (SNB) is associated with a reduced risk of postoperative symptomatic cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (SCHS) by reducing postoperative blood pressure in adult patients who underwent combined revascularization surgery for moyamoya disease.

Methods: Patients were retrospectively divided into the SNB (n=167) and control (n=221) groups depending on whether SNB was performed immediately before placement of wound dressings at the end of surgery.

A common data model for oral anticoagulants-related risk of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage.

Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) is a major complication associated with oral anticoagulation which results in a high mortality rate, and the incidence of anticoagulant-induced sICH has increased markedly, so it is necessary to investigate the risk of anticoagulation-related sICH in a real-world setting. We aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of oral anticoagulant-related sICH using a common data model (CDM), and to determine whether a clinical study using the CDM would be comparable to conventional studies. After converting the various clinical codes of 12,821 patients taking oral anticoagulants, such as warfarin and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs), into the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) CDM format, we analyzed the incidence and risk factors of sICH.