Gestational diabetes detection thresholds and infant growth, nutrition, and neurodevelopment at 12-18 months: a prospective cohort study within a randomized trial.

Objective: To assess the impact of gestational diabetes(GDM) detection thresholds on infant growth, nutrition, and neurodevelopment at 12-18 months.

Design: Prospective cohort study within the GEMS trial(ACTRN12615000290594), which randomized pregnant women to detection of GDM using lower or higher glycemic criteria. The main outcomes were overweight/rapid weight gain; food approach appetitive score; energy intake; cognitive z-score.

Second generation effects of antenatal corticosteroid exposure: 50-year follow-up of the Auckland Steroid Trial.

Antenatal corticosteroids are given to pregnant people at risk of preterm birth to reduce newborn morbidity, including respiratory distress syndrome. However, there has been concern surrounding potential adverse effects on subsequent generations. Animal studies have demonstrated endocrine and metabolic changes in those exposed to corticosteroids in utero () and in the second generation ().

Early Nutrition is Associated With Global Motion Perception and V5 Function in 7-Year-Old Children Born Very Preterm.

The dorsal stream vulnerability hypothesis suggests that preterm birth may preferentially impair development of the dorsal visual pathway. We explored the effects of early nutrition on dorsal stream development in a well-characterized cohort of 7-year-old children born very preterm. The children had been admitted to a tertiary hospital neonatal intensive care unit either before (OldPro group) or after (NewPro group) a parenteral nutrition protocol change that was intended to increase protein intake and reduce fluid volume intake.

[Formula: see text] NIH Toolbox for assessment of neurocognitive, motor and emotional-behavioral function in childhood: a systematic review.

The NIH Toolbox is used extensively in various research settings, including clinical trials, observational studies, and longitudinal studies. Its validity and reliability have been systematically appraised only in adults. The current study systematically evaluated the validity and reliability of the NIH Toolbox for assessing neurocognitive, motor and emotional-behavioral functioning in children.

Is a History of Gestational Diabetes Associated With Long-Term Mental Health?-Findings From the GEMS 5-Year Follow Up Study.

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with poor long-term maternal metabolic health. However, there is limited evidence on the effect of GDM on later maternal mental health. We, therefore, aimed to compare mental health outcomes between women who had GDM and women who did not five years after the index pregnancy.

Punctate White Matter Abnormality in Moderate-to-Late Preterm Infants.

Objective: Moderate-to-late preterm (MLP) infants contribute to the greatest proportion of preterm children with neurodevelopmental impairments. White matter injury (WMI) is common and predicts adverse outcomes in very preterm (VP) infants. However, little is known about white matter abnormality (WMA) in MLP infants.

Parent views about care of infants born at risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia.

Neonatal hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose concentrations) is common soon after birth, and can cause brain injury. In Aotearoa New Zealand Māori, Pacific and Asian babies are most likely to be born at increased risk. Care of these babies usually includes repeated blood tests and often admission to an intensive care unit.

Twenty-year outcomes after repeat doses of antenatal corticosteroids prior to 32 weeks' gestation: Follow-up of a randomised clinical trial.

Background: For women who have received a course of antenatal corticosteroids ≥7 days prior and have ongoing risk of preterm birth within the next 7 days, repeat dose(s) of corticosteroids up to 32 weeks' gestation have been shown to reduce neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and serious health problems in the neonatal period but not other neonatal morbidities such as chronic lung disease, death, severe intraventricular haemorrhage or necrotising enterocolitis. Repeat antenatal corticosteroids were not associated with either benefit or harms in mid-childhood. However, this may have been too early to evaluate potential adverse effects on respiratory and other long-term outcomes.

In Utero Exposure to Gestational Diabetes and Child Health at Age Three to Seven: A Cohort Study.

Objective: To determine if, after adjusting for potential confounders, child health outcomes differ between children exposed to maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their unexposed peers.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Recruitment took place between June 2022 and May 2024.

Measures of nutrition intake and growth reported in preterm nutrition studies: A scoping review.

There are inconsistent recommendations in available guidelines and uncertainty regarding the exact nutrient requirements for preterm infants, partly because of inconsistent outcome reporting in nutrition intervention studies. To support development of a minimum reporting set, we undertook a scoping review to identify measures of nutrition intake and growth outcomes reported in recent preterm nutrition studies. We searched for publications from 2018 to 2023 reporting individuals born preterm at any gestational age and study location whose nutrition intake was assessed before first hospital discharge and whose growth was assessed at any age.

Experiences of Pacific parents of infants born at risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia in New Zealand.

Neonatal hypoglycaemia is the primary metabolic disorder affecting newborns. It has severe implications including cerebral injury when left untreated. Pacific newborns have the second-highest prevalence of risk factors for hypoglycaemia amongst all ethnic groups in New Zealand, and therefore disproportionately suffer its effects.

Infants born at risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia in Aotearoa New Zealand: Asian parents' experiences.

Neonatal hypoglycaemia is the most common metabolic disorder of infants worldwide. In Aotearoa New Zealand, Asian infants are at increased risk due to predisposing factors, including maternal diabetes and low birthweight. Little is known regarding the experience of parents of infants born at risk for neonatal hypoglycaemia, including finding their infant is at risk, testing, treatment, and follow-up.

Time and cost of linking administrative datasets for outcomes assessment in a follow-up study of participants from two randomised trials.

Background: For the follow-up of participants in randomised trials, data linkage is thought a more cost-efficient method for assessing outcomes. However, researchers often encounter technical and budgetary challenges. Data requests often require a significant amount of information from researchers, and can take several years to process.

Neonatal Nutrition and Brain Structure at 7 Years in Children Born Very Preterm.

Importance: Neonatal protein intake following very preterm birth has long lasting effects on brain development. However, it is uncertain whether these effects are associated with improved or impaired brain maturation.

Objective: To assess the association of neonatal protein intake following very preterm birth with brain structure at 7 years of age.

Gestational diabetes and mental health: longitudinal analysis of data from the GEMS randomized trial.

Purpose: There is limited high-quality evidence about perinatal mental health among women with gestational diabetes. We aimed to assess the risks and longitudinal changes in anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life comparing women with gestational diabetes and those without among a contemporary cohort of pregnant women.

Methods: Prospective cohort study of participants in the GEMS Trial.

"We Don't Have Any Clue What Will Happen to Them": Perspectives of Women Who Had Gestational Diabetes About Long-Term Child Outcomes.

In utero exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse long-term outcomes. Little is known about how mothers perceive these outcomes and the support they need for optimal outcomes for their children. We aimed to explore how women perceive the risk of adverse outcomes for their children exposed to GDM and the support they require for their optimal health.

Health Outcomes 50 Years After Preterm Birth in Participants of a Trial of Antenatal Betamethasone.

Background And Objectives: Preterm birth results in neonatal and childhood morbidity and mortality. Additionally, population-based studies show poorer cardiovascular health in adult survivors, but a full range of health outcomes has not been investigated into midlife. We aimed to assess the health outcomes after preterm vs term birth at 50 years in survivors of a randomized trial of antenatal betamethasone.

Glucose Testing Methods: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy of Point-of-Care Devices for Neonatal Hypoglycemia.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of various point-of-care device methodologies for measuring blood glucose concentrations in babies at risk of neonatal hypoglycemia.

Study Design: This systematic review and meta-analysis included studies from Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and Web of Science up to May 20, 2024. Studies comparing point-of-care testing methods for neonatal blood glucose to a standard laboratory method were included, excluding those on continuous glucose monitoring or conducted before 1990.

Associations between growth and childhood body composition in very preterm, late preterm and term children.

Aim: To determine how gestational age at birth and postnatal growth relate to body composition in childhood.

Methods: We calculated conditional growth (birth-2 years, 2 years-6 years) and measured body composition at 2 and 6 years using bioelectrical impedance in cohorts of New Zealand children born very preterm (VPT; 23-31 weeks), late preterm (LPT; 35- <37 weeks) and term (≥37 weeks). We explored the relationships between growth and fat mass (FM) index and fat-free mass (FFM) index at 6 years using multivariable linear regression.

Intravenous Dextrose for the Treatment of Neonatal Hypoglycaemia: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Hypoglycaemic neonates are usually admitted to neonatal intensive care for intravenous (IV) dextrose infusion if increased feeding and dextrose gel fail to restore normoglycaemia. However, the effectiveness of this intervention is uncertain. This review aimed to assess the evidence for the risks and benefits of IV dextrose for treatment of neonatal hypoglycaemia.

General health and social outcomes 50 years after exposure to antenatal betamethasone: follow-up of a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Antenatal corticosteroids are recommended for women at risk of preterm birth from 24 to 34 weeks' gestation as they reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality, but evidence regarding their long-term effects on offspring is limited. This study assessed general health and social outcomes 50 years after antenatal exposure to corticosteroids.

Methods: We assessed 424 adult offspring of women who participated in the first randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of antenatal betamethasone for the prevention of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.

Postnatal care after gestational diabetes - a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder in pregnancy and later is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders. Consistent and evidence based postnatal care is key to improving maternal long-term health. We therefore aimed to review and compare recommendations of national and international clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for postnatal care after GDM and identify any evidence gaps in recommendations needing further research.

Reproductive outcomes after antenatal corticosteroids: Secondary analysis of 50-year follow-up of the Auckland steroid randomized trial.

Introduction: Antenatal corticosteroids are widely used to prevent morbidity and mortality after preterm birth, but there are ongoing concerns about the possible risk of long-term adverse effects, including perturbation of endocrine systems, with potential implications for reproduction. A small number of animal studies have suggested possible adverse effects on reproduction after antenatal exposure to corticosteroids, but there is a paucity of human data.

Material And Methods: This is a secondary cohort analysis of the 50-year follow-up of the Auckland Steroid Trial (1969-1974) comparing antenatal exposure to corticosteroids or placebo.

Effect of utilizing either a self-reported questionnaire or administrative data alone or in combination on the findings of a randomized controlled trial of the long-term effects of antenatal corticosteroids.

Introduction: A combination of self-reported questionnaire and administrative data could potentially enhance ascertainment of outcomes and alleviate the limitations of both in follow up studies. However, it is uncertain how access to only one of these data sources to assess outcomes impact study findings. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether the study findings would be altered if the outcomes were assessed by different data sources alone or in combination.