Neuraminidase-3 activity in toddlers negatively impacts the linear growth status in Bangladeshi children.

Linear growth faltering and stunting in children is associated with inflammation of small gut. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase prevents gut inflammation from subclinical bacterial infection that becomes impaired in the presence of neuraminidase-3 (Neu3) activity. We investigated if total Neu3 in children at 15 months can predict their linear growth at later ages (at 18, 21, and 24 months).

Nutritional Intervention Improves Nerve Conduction in Malnourished Children Under 5 Years of Age.

Aim: Adequate early nutrition supports neurological development, but data linking malnutrition to nerve conduction are limited. Our study aimed to assess how different forms of malnutrition affect nerve electrophysiology in children under 5 years of age and whether nutritional intervention can improve neurophysiological outcomes.

Method: A community-based study was conducted from 2021 to 2022 in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Exploring the morpho-tectonic nature, hydrological and physical characteristics of a watershed and prioritizing sub-watersheds surface runoff potentialities by integrating MCDM and ensemble machine learning models.

Much effective rainfall often leads to natural and human-induced hazards when unused. Therefore, monitoring and managing water resources by assessing comprehensive surface runoff (SR) potential is crucial instead of relying on broad sub-watershed (SW) generalizations. This study aims to identify the characteristics of landscape evolution and hydro-physical factors that influence SR.

Tebipenem pivoxil as an alternative to ceftriaxone for clinically non-responding children with shigellosis: a randomised non-inferiority trial protocol.

Introduction: Shigellosis is the second leading cause of diarrhoeal deaths among children worldwide. Oral azithromycin and intravenous ceftriaxone are the recommended first-line and second-line therapies for shigellosis in Bangladesh, respectively, but growing antibiotic resistance will require new antibiotic options. Tebipenem pivoxil, an orally administered carbapenem antibiotic with activity against many strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, may be a viable option.

A comparative hydrochemical assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using different statistical and ML models in lower gangetic alluvial plain, eastern India.

Groundwater toxicity and water level depletion are serious concerns today. Assessing groundwater quality (GWQ) is crucial for effective planning and management due to increasing demands for drinking and irrigation water. Therefore, this study aims to analyze groundwater hydrochemistry, variability, and factors influencing quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using indices and models.

Pharmacokinetics of tebipenem pivoxil used in children suffering from shigellosis: a pilot study in Bangladesh.

With increasing antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacteria, including those causing Shigellosis, evidence of safety and pharmacokinetics data on new oral antibiotics is crucial. We aimed to investigate the safety and pharmacokinetic properties of an oral carbapenem, tebipenem pivoxil, along with it's ability to produce desired results in childhood shigellosis. This randomized pilot clinical trial was conducted at Dhaka Hospital, icddr,b in 2022 between May and September.

Cytokine Storm among Bangladeshi adults with COVID-19: A prospective cohort study.

Objective: In COVID-19, cytokine storms (CS) result in higher mortality and morbidity. Our study evaluated the rate of cytokine storms among COVID-positive Bangladeshi adults.

Methods: From October 2020 to March 2022, this cohort study enrolled both COVID-positive and COVID-negative healthy adults.

Acceleration of rovibrational spectrum calculations through sparsity techniques.

The variational calculation of microwave or high-resolution rovibrational spectra is hampered by large memory requirements and long computation times. Simple sparsity techniques, the explicit account of symmetry, and different rotational basis functions have been employed to reduce these computational demands without deteriorating the final spectra. The dependence of the sparsity of the eigenvectors of the rovibrational Hamiltonian matrix with respect to the completeness of the Watson operator has been studied in detail.

Biomarker relationships with small bowel histopathology among malnourished children with environmental enteric dysfunction in a multicountry cohort study.

Background: Validated biomarkers could catalyze environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) research.

Objectives: Leveraging an EED histology scoring system, this multicountry analysis examined biomarker associations with duodenal histology features among children with EED. We also examined differences in 2-h compared with 1-h urine collections in the lactulose rhamnose (LR) dual sugar test.

Duodenal transcriptomics demonstrates signatures of tissue inflammation and immune cell infiltration in children with environmental enteric dysfunction across global centers.

Background: Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an inflammatory condition of the small intestine that is prevalent in children residing in low- and middle-income countries. EED is accompanied by profound histopathologic changes in the small bowel, loss of absorptive capacity, increased intestinal permeability, increased microbial translocation, and nutrient loss.

Objectives: We sought to identify dysregulated genes and pathways that might underlie pediatric EED.

Machine Learning-Assisted Mixed Quantum-Classical Dynamics without Explicit Nonadiabatic Coupling: Application to the Photodissociation of Peroxynitric Acid.

We have devised a hybrid quantum-classical scheme utilizing machine-learned potential energy surfaces (PES), which circumvents the need for explicit computation of nonadiabatic coupling elements. The quantities necessary to account for the nonadiabatic effects are directly obtained from the PESs. The simulation of dynamics is based on the fewest-switches surface-hopping method.

Development of machine learning models predicting mortality using routinely collected observational health data from 0-59 months old children admitted to an intensive care unit in Bangladesh: critical role of biochemistry and haematology data.

Introduction: Treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU) generates complex data where machine learning (ML) modelling could be beneficial. Using routine hospital data, we evaluated the ability of multiple ML models to predict inpatient mortality in a paediatric population in a low/middle-income country.

Method: We retrospectively analysed hospital record data from 0-59 months old children admitted to the ICU of Dhaka hospital of International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh.

Environmental risk analysis of a Ramsar site: a case study of east Kolkata wetlands with PSR framework.

The East Kolkata Wetlands (EKWT), designated as a Ramsar Site for its crucial role in sewage water purification, agriculture and pisciculture, faces escalating environmental threats due to rapid urbanisation. Employing the pressure-state-response (PSR) framework and Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA), this study spans three decades to elucidate the evolving dynamics of EKWT. Using Landsat TM and OLI images from 1991, 2001, 2011 and 2021, the research identifies key parameters within the PSR framework.

Prognostic accuracy of early warning scores for predicting serious illness and in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19.

A simple bedside triage tool is essential to stratify COVID-19 patients in the emergency department (ED). This study aimed to identify an early warning score (EWS) that could best predict the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Data were obtained from medical records of 219 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 positive patients.

Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth is associated with increased Campylobacter and epithelial injury in duodenal biopsies of Bangladeshi children.

Small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has been associated with enteric inflammation, linear growth stunting, and neurodevelopmental delays in children from low-income countries. Little is known about the histologic changes or epithelial adherent microbiota associated with SIBO. We sought to describe these relationships in a cohort of impoverished Bangladeshi children.

Prevotella copri and microbiota members mediate the beneficial effects of a therapeutic food for malnutrition.

Microbiota-directed complementary food (MDCF) formulations have been designed to repair the gut communities of malnourished children. A randomized controlled trial demonstrated that one formulation, MDCF-2, improved weight gain in malnourished Bangladeshi children compared to a more calorically dense standard nutritional intervention. Metagenome-assembled genomes from study participants revealed a correlation between ponderal growth and expression of MDCF-2 glycan utilization pathways by Prevotella copri strains.

Immune modulation by nutritional intervention in malnourished children: Identifying the phenotypic distribution and functional responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Malnourished children are susceptible to an increased risk of mortality owing to impaired immune functions. However, the underlying mechanism of altered immune functions and its interaction with malnutrition is poorly understood. This study investigates the immune function and evaluates the effect of a particular nutritional intervention on the immune cells of undernourished children.

Prediction of maximum scour depth at clear water conditions: Multivariate and robust comparative analysis between empirical equations and machine learning approaches using extensive reference metadata.

Flow obstructed by bridge piers can increase sediment transport leading to local scour. This local scour poses a risk to the stability of bridge structures, which could lead to structural failures. There are two main approaches for evaluating the scour depth (d) of bridge piers.

Coastal groundwater quality prediction using objective-weighted WQI and machine learning approach.

The water quality index (WQI) is a globally accepted guideline to indicate the water quality standard of any groundwater resource. Water levels in existing groundwater sources are declining in several coastal zones. Therefore, for monitoring water quality and improving water management, the prediction and identification of groundwater status by an effective technique with higher accuracy is urgently needed.

Bioactive glycans in a microbiome-directed food for children with malnutrition.

Evidence is accumulating that perturbed postnatal development of the gut microbiome contributes to childhood malnutrition. Here we analyse biospecimens from a randomized, controlled trial of a microbiome-directed complementary food (MDCF-2) that produced superior rates of weight gain compared with a calorically more dense conventional ready-to-use supplementary food in 12-18-month-old Bangladeshi children with moderate acute malnutrition. We reconstructed 1,000 bacterial genomes (metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs)) from the faecal microbiomes of trial participants, identified 75 MAGs of which the abundances were positively associated with ponderal growth (change in weight-for-length Z score (WLZ)), characterized changes in MAG gene expression as a function of treatment type and WLZ response, and quantified carbohydrate structures in MDCF-2 and faeces.

Prevalence and factors associated with undernutrition and overnutrition among ever-married adolescent girls in Bangladesh: an analysis of national surveys from 2004 to 2017.

Nutritional impairment during adolescence may result in adverse physical and reproductive health outcomes. We investigated the prevalence and determined the factors associated with underweight and overweight/obesity among ever-married adolescent girls in Bangladesh. We used Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys data conducted in 2004, 2007, 2011, 2014, and 2017.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) remediation during vermicomposting and composting: Mechanistic insights through PAH-budgeting.

Knowledge on the mechanism of earthworm-induced removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in vermicomposting systems and interaction with nutrient mineralization and microbial growth is scarce in literature. Moreover, the PAH accumulation capacity of Eudrilus eugeniae has not been studied. This research, therefore, investigates the apportionment dynamics of 13 PAH compounds in aerobic composting and vermicomposting (Eisenia fetida and E.

Nutritional status and dietary diversity of pregnant and nonpregnant reproductive-age Rohingya women.

There are no data on the nutritional status and dietary diversity of the pregnant and nonpregnant reproductive-age Rohingya women who have recently shifted to the Bhasan Char Relocation Camp located on an island in the Bay of Bengal. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in November-December, 2021 to assess the nutritional status and evaluate the dietary diversity of two vulnerable groups of the forcibly displaced Rohingya population: nonpregnant reproductive-age women and pregnant mothers. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify the factors associated with nutritional impairments.