Gestational diabetes detection thresholds and infant growth, nutrition, and neurodevelopment at 12-18 months: a prospective cohort study within a randomized trial.

Objective: To assess the impact of gestational diabetes(GDM) detection thresholds on infant growth, nutrition, and neurodevelopment at 12-18 months.

Design: Prospective cohort study within the GEMS trial(ACTRN12615000290594), which randomized pregnant women to detection of GDM using lower or higher glycemic criteria. The main outcomes were overweight/rapid weight gain; food approach appetitive score; energy intake; cognitive z-score.

Early Nutrition is Associated With Global Motion Perception and V5 Function in 7-Year-Old Children Born Very Preterm.

The dorsal stream vulnerability hypothesis suggests that preterm birth may preferentially impair development of the dorsal visual pathway. We explored the effects of early nutrition on dorsal stream development in a well-characterized cohort of 7-year-old children born very preterm. The children had been admitted to a tertiary hospital neonatal intensive care unit either before (OldPro group) or after (NewPro group) a parenteral nutrition protocol change that was intended to increase protein intake and reduce fluid volume intake.

PROTOCOL: Association of Antenatal Cytokine Concentrations With Neurodevelopmental Disorders of the Offspring: A Scoping Review.

Objective: The aim of this scoping review is to identify and map the available evidence on the association of antenatal cytokine concentrations with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) of the offspring and to inform future research avenues.

Introduction: NDDs are a heterogeneous group of conditions with onset in childhood which affect functioning due to altered brain development. NDDs have a multifactorial aetiology with genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, including the foetal intrauterine environment.

Punctate White Matter Abnormality in Moderate-to-Late Preterm Infants.

Objective: Moderate-to-late preterm (MLP) infants contribute to the greatest proportion of preterm children with neurodevelopmental impairments. White matter injury (WMI) is common and predicts adverse outcomes in very preterm (VP) infants. However, little is known about white matter abnormality (WMA) in MLP infants.

Neonatal Nutrition and Brain Structure at 7 Years in Children Born Very Preterm.

Importance: Neonatal protein intake following very preterm birth has long lasting effects on brain development. However, it is uncertain whether these effects are associated with improved or impaired brain maturation.

Objective: To assess the association of neonatal protein intake following very preterm birth with brain structure at 7 years of age.

Diazoxide for Severe or Recurrent Neonatal Hypoglycemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Neonatal hypoglycemia is an important preventable cause of neurodevelopmental impairment, but there is a paucity of evidence to guide treatment.

Objective: To evaluate whether early, low-dose oral diazoxide for severe or recurrent neonatal hypoglycemia reduces time to resolution of hypoglycemia.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This 2-arm, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted from May 2020 to February 2023 in tertiary neonatal units at 2 New Zealand hospitals.

Neonatal Hypoglycemia and Neurocognitive Function at School Age: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To determine the relationship between transient neonatal hypoglycemia in at-risk infants and neurocognitive function at 6-7 years of corrected age.

Study Design: The pre-hPOD Study involved children born with at least 1 risk factor for neonatal hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia was defined as ≥1 consecutive blood glucose concentrations <47 mg/dl (2.

Nutritional Support for Moderate-to-Late-Preterm Infants - A Randomized Trial.

Background: Most moderate-to-late-preterm infants need nutritional support until they are feeding exclusively on their mother's breast milk. Evidence to guide nutrition strategies for these infants is lacking.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, factorial, randomized trial involving infants born at 32 weeks 0 days' to 35 weeks 6 days' gestation who had intravenous access and whose mothers intended to breast-feed.

Neonatal hypoglycaemia.

Low blood concentrations of glucose (hypoglycaemia) soon after birth are common because of the delayed metabolic transition from maternal to endogenous neonatal sources of glucose. Because glucose is the main energy source for the brain, severe hypoglycaemia can cause neuroglycopenia (inadequate supply of glucose to the brain) and, if severe, permanent brain injury. Routine screening of infants at risk and treatment when hypoglycaemia is detected are therefore widely recommended.

Caffeine for apnea and prevention of neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm infants: systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the evidence for dose and effectiveness of caffeine in preterm infants. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINHAL Plus, CENTRAL, and trial databases were searched to July 2022 for trials randomizing preterm infants to caffeine vs. placebo/no treatment, or low (≤10 mg·kg) vs.

Dextrose gel prophylaxis for neonatal hypoglycaemia and neurocognitive function at early school age: a randomised dosage trial.

Objective: To investigate the effect of different doses of prophylactic dextrose gel on neurocognitive function and health at 6-7 years.

Design: Early school-age follow-up of the pre-hPOD (hypoglycaemia Prevention with Oral Dextrose) study.

Setting: Schools and communities.

Associations between neonatal nutrition and visual outcomes in 7-year-old children born very preterm.

Purpose: There is uncertainty about the effect of increased neonatal protein intake on neurodevelopmental outcomes following preterm birth. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a change in neonatal nutrition protocol at a major tertiary neonatal intensive care unit intended to increase protein intake on ophthalmic and visual development in school-age children born very preterm.

Methods: The study cohort comprised children (n = 128) with birthweight <1500 g or gestational age < 30 weeks born at Auckland City Hospital before (OldPro group, n = 55) and after (NewPro group, n = 73) a reformulation of parenteral nutrition that resulted in increased total protein intake during the first postnatal week and decreased carbohydrate, total parenteral fluid and sodium intake.

Development and clinical application of a stability-indicating chromatography technique for the quantification of diazoxide.

Diazoxide is a potential candidate for the treatment of transitional hypoglycaemia in infants. A clinical trial is currently underway to investigate whether low-dose oral diazoxide is beneficial for severe or recurrent transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia (the NeoGluCO Study, registration ANZCTR12620000129987). The present study aimed to develop and validate the parameters for quantifying diazoxide from neonatal plasma samples, and to assess the stability of extemporaneously prepared diazoxide suspensions to support the NeoGluCO Study.

Infants Eligible for Neonatal Hypoglycemia Screening: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Neonatal hypoglycemia is common, occurring in up to 50% of infants at risk for hypoglycemia (infant of diabetic mother [IDM], small for gestational age [SGA], large for gestational age [LGA], and preterm) and is associated with long-term neurodevelopmental impairment. Guidelines recommend screening infants at risk of hypoglycemia. The proportion of infants who require screening for neonatal hypoglycemia is unknown.

Midwife or doctor leader to implement a national guideline in babies on postnatal wards (DesIGN): A cluster-randomised, controlled, trial.

The aim of this trial was to determine if midwives or doctor leaders are more effective at implementing a clinical practice guideline for oral dextrose gel to treat neonatal hypoglycaemia. This was a cluster-randomised, controlled, trial. New Zealand maternity hospitals were randomised to guideline implementation by a midwife or doctor implementation leader.

Neurocognitive Outcomes at Age 2 Years After Neonatal Hypoglycemia in a Cohort of Participants From the hPOD Randomized Trial.

Importance: Neonatal hypoglycemia is common, but its association with later neurodevelopment is uncertain.

Objective: To examine associations between neonatal hypoglycemia and neurocognitive outcomes at corrected age 2 years.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Exploratory cohort analysis of the Hypoglycaemia Prevention With Oral Dextrose (hPOD) randomized clinical trial was conducted.

Tighter or less tight glycaemic targets for women with gestational diabetes mellitus for reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity: A stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised trial.

Background: Treatment for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) aims to reduce maternal hyperglycaemia. The TARGET Trial assessed whether tighter compared with less tight glycaemic control reduced maternal and perinatal morbidity.

Methods And Findings: In this stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised trial, identification number ACTRN12615000282583, 10 hospitals in New Zealand were randomised to 1 of 5 implementation dates.

Caffeine to prevent intermittent hypoxaemia in late preterm infants: randomised controlled dosage trial.

Objective: To establish the most effective and best tolerated dose of caffeine citrate for the prevention of intermittent hypoxaemia (IH) in late preterm infants.

Design: Phase IIB, double-blind, five-arm, parallel, randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Neonatal units and postnatal wards of two tertiary maternity hospitals in New Zealand.

Oral diazoxide versus placebo for severe or recurrent neonatal hypoglycaemia: Neonatal Glucose Care Optimisation (NeoGluCO) study - a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Infants with severe or recurrent transitional hypoglycaemia continue to have high rates of adverse neurological outcomes and new treatment approaches are needed that target the underlying pathophysiology. Diazoxide is one such treatment that acts on the pancreatic β-cell in a dose-dependent manner to decrease insulin secretion.

Methods And Analysis: Phase IIB, double-blind, two-arm, parallel, randomised trial of diazoxide versus placebo in neonates ≥35 weeks' gestation for treatment of severe (blood glucose concentration (BGC)<1.

Different pproaches to requesting nsent for outine data linkage in eonatal follow-up (ACORN): protocol for a 2×2 factorial randomised trial.

Introduction: Routinely collected data can be linked to research data to create a rich dataset and inform practice. However, consent is normally required to link identifiable data. Reported rates of consent to data linkage for children ranged from 21% to 96%, but no studies have investigated different approaches to seeking consent for data linkage for school-age children.

Prioritising long-term outcomes for preterm babies: A survey of consumers and clinicians.

Aim: To determine if consumers and clinicians believe intelligence or health outcomes are more important long-term outcomes for babies born preterm.

Methods: Prospective, online survey of six outcomes ranked using a hierarchy ladder, Likert scale and a hypothetical scenario: education (complete secondary school); longevity (70 years of age or more); money (sufficient for rent and food); normal weight; good health and intelligence. Participants were clinicians taking care of preterm babies, parents of preterm babies, ex-preterm adults and adult controls.