Megacalycosis - Challenges in Management and Long-term Functional Follow-up.

Background: Megacalycosis is a rare non-obstructive congenital anomaly of the kidneys. The underlying pathogenesis has not yet been understood. Theories include the coexistence of distinct calyceal developmental stages, malformation of the calyceal structure, and transient, self-limiting obstruction.

Dose-Optimized Image Acquisition Parameters for Neonatal Chest Radiography: A Phantom Study Comparing Computed Radiography and Wireless Digital Radiography Needle Detectors.

To determine dose-optimized image acquisition parameters for good image quality (IQ) in neonatal chest radiography with a computed radiography (CR) CsBr needle detector vs. a wireless digital radiography (DR) CsI detector using different doses and filters.Physical resolution of the two detectors in unprocessed imaging of a contrast-detail phantom was automatically evaluated.

Lung ultrasound to predict the duration of respiratory support in newborn infants with respiratory distress.

Aim: Lung ultrasound (LU) and clinical parameters evaluated during the first postnatal hour potentially predict the length of CPAP therapy in newborns with respiratory distress.

Methods: In a single-centre, prospective observational pilot study, 130 newborns ≥36 weeks gestational age were assessed using standardised LU at 30 and 60 min postnatally. Various clinical parameters were evaluated influencing CPAP duration (<1 vs.

Treatment of unstable forearm fractures at the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction in children: antegrade ESIN vs. transepiphyseal intramedullary K-wire fixation.

Background: Treatment of unstable forearm fractures in the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction (MDJ) zone is still a matter of debate. Major drawbacks of all types of fixations include either invasiveness, technical impracticality, or lack of acceptance by patients. This study reports results after antegrade ESIN (a-ESIN) compared to transepiphyseal intramedullary K-wire (TIK) for unstable MDJ forearm fractures.

Feasibility and Implementation of a 4D Free-Breathing Variable Density Stack-of-Stars Functional Magnetic Resonance Urography in Young Children Without Sedation.

Background: Functional magnetic resonance urography (MRU) is well established in the diagnostic workup of urinary tract anomalies in children, providing comprehensive morphological and functional information. However, dynamic contrast-enhanced images acquired in the standard Cartesian k-space manner are prone to motion artifacts. A newly introduced 4D high spatiotemporal resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging based on variable density elliptical centric radial stack-of-stars sharing technique has shown improved image quality regarding motions under free breathing.

Repeated Lung Ultrasound versus Chest X-ray-Which One Predicts Better Clinical Outcome in COVID-19?

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether changes in repeated lung ultrasound (LUS) or chest X-ray (CXR) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients can predict the development of severe disease and the need for treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU). In this prospective monocentric study, COVID-19 patients received standardized LUS and CXR at day 1, 3 and 5. Scores for changes in LUS (LUS score) and CXR (RALE and M-RALE) were calculated and compared.

AI Denoising Improves Image Quality and Radiological Workflows in Pediatric Ultra-Low-Dose Thorax Computed Tomography Scans.

(1) This study evaluates the impact of an AI denoising algorithm on image quality, diagnostic accuracy, and radiological workflows in pediatric chest ultra-low-dose CT (ULDCT). (2) Methods: 100 consecutive pediatric thorax ULDCT were included and reconstructed using weighted filtered back projection (wFBP), iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE 2), and AI denoising (PixelShine). Place-consistent noise measurements were used to compare objective image quality.

Is a single portal venous phase in contrast-enhanced CT sufficient to detect metastases or recurrence in clear cell renal cell carcinoma? - a single-center retrospective study.

Background: This study aims at describing the imaging features of the metastatic presentation of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) in arterial (AP) and portal venous phase (PVP) of contrast-enhanced-computed-tomography (CECT) during clinical follow-up (FU) and to evaluate the necessity of a dual phase approach for metastasis detection.

Methods: We identified a total of 584 patients that were diagnosed with ccRCC between January 2016 and April 2020. Inclusion criteria were histologically proven ccRCC with metastatic spread, proven by histology or interim follow-up of at least 2 years and follow-up CT examination with AP and PVP CECT including thorax/abdomen and pelvis.

Sonographic findings in coronavirus disease-19 associated liver damage.

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the role of liver sonography in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and elevated liver enzymes.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in our emergency ward between January 01 and April 24, 2020 and elevated liver enzymes were included (Cohort 1). Additionally, the local radiology information system was screened for sonographies in COVID-19 patients at the intensive care unit in the same period (Cohort 2).

Musical Sonification of Arm Movements in Stroke Rehabilitation Yields Limited Benefits.

Neurologic music therapy in rehabilitation of stroke patients has been shown to be a promising supplement to the often strenuous conventional rehabilitation strategies. The aim of this study was threefold: (i) replicate results from a previous study with a sample from one clinic (henceforth called Site 1; = 12) using an already established recording system, and (ii) conceptually replicate previous findings with a less costly hand-tracking system in Site 2 ( = 30), and (iii) compare both sub-studies' outcomes to estimate the efficiency of neurologic music therapy. Stroke patients in both sites were randomly assigned to treatment or control groups and received daily training of guided sequential upper limb movements additional to their standard stroke rehabilitation protocol.