Oxiracetam and physical activity in preventing cognitive decline after stroke: A multicenter, randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, commissioned by South Korea's Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, evaluated the effect of oxiracetam for preventing post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and explored potential interaction with physical activity using neuroimaging.

Patients And Methods: Patients at high risk of PSCI, reporting subjective cognitive decline ⩾3 months after stroke, were randomized 1:1 to receive oxiracetam or placebo for 36 weeks. Physical activity was tracked via wrist-worn actigraphy.

8-Methoxybicolosin C from Attenuates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress via Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB/MAPK Pathways in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mouse Kupffer Cells.

() is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, making it a common choice in traditional medicine practices. Researchers in several recent studies have focused on isolating individual phytochemicals from this plant through chromatography analysis to explore their therapeutic potential. In our previous work, we identified 8-methoxybicolosin C (8-MC) as a novel flavonoid derivative, isolated and purified from the roots of , which exhibited inhibitory effects on cell proliferation.

Nationwide Survey on the Awareness of Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background And Purpose: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), particularly due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), is an important stage for early intervention. We aim to assess awareness among the general population of MCI and AD, and evaluate their willingness to pay for treatment that delays the progression to dementia.

Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted from August 29 to 31, 2022, targeting adults aged ≥18 years in the Republic of Korea.

Standardized Procedures for Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Collection and Storage in Neurodegenerative Biomarker Research: A Comprehensive Review.

Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are essential tools for the rapid diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, even minor variations in sample collection and storage procedures can significantly impact biomarker measurements, emphasizing the importance of standardized operating procedures. This review discusses the main pre-analytical factors that influence biomarker stability, outlines the best practices for blood and CSF collection and storage, and extensively analyzes recent research findings to ensure optimal reproducibility in biomarker studies.

Segmentation of Leukoaraiosis on Noncontrast Head CT Using CT-MRI Paired Data Without Human Annotation.

Objective: Evaluating leukoaraiosis (LA) on CT is challenging due to its low contrast and similarity to parenchymal gliosis. We developed and validated a deep learning algorithm for LA segmentation using CT-MRIFLAIR paired data from a multicenter Korean registry and tested it in a US dataset.

Methods: We constructed a large multicenter dataset of CT-FLAIR MRI pairs.

Alleviation of LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation by lesbicoumestan (7) via the increase of Nrf2 expression in mouse Kupffer cells.

Lesbicoumestans are a class of bioactive compounds isolated from the roots of Lespedeza bicolor (L. bicolor). These compounds have been reported to exhibit anticancer and antiproliferative activities.

Genetic and imaging features of CADASIL patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), which is caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene, is associated with early-onset strokes. However, the specific genetic and imaging characteristics associated with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients with CADASIL remain unclear. We reviewed CADASIL patients with NOTCH3 mutations, dividing them into two groups based on the presence of clinically relevant AIS lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging, observed at any time, regardless of the timing of CADASIL diagnosis.

Increased risk of recurrent stroke in patients with impaired kidney function: results of a pooled analysis of individual patient data from the MICON international collaboration.

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease are at increased risk of stroke and frequently have cerebral microbleeds. Whether such patients also encounter an increased risk of recurrent stroke has not been firmly established. We aimed to determine whether impaired kidney function is associated with the risk of recurrent stroke, and microbleed presence, distribution and severity.

Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Young-Onset Dementia: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Background And Objectives: Young-onset dementia (YOD) poses substantial societal and health care burdens. Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) is recognized as a contributor to late-onset dementia, its effect on YOD remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether MetS and its individual components increase the risk of YOD, including all-cause dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD).

Erratum: Anti-Amyloid Imaging Abnormality in the Era of Anti-Amyloid Beta Monoclonal Antibodies: Recent Updates for the Radiologist.

[This corrects the article on p. 17 in vol. 86, PMID: 39958499.

Incidence of Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities in Phase III Clinical Trials of Anti-Amyloid-β Immunotherapy: An Updated Meta-Analysis.

Background And Objectives: Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) are key safety considerations in anti-amyloid-β (Aβ) immunotherapy. ARIA can be categorized into 2 types: ARIA characterized by edema and effusion (ARIA-E) or microhemorrhages and superficial siderosis (ARIA-H). In this study, we assessed the incidence of ARIA in phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of anti-Aβ immunotherapy and compared the incidence among different agents and ε4 carrier status.

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Methanol Extract of (Viv.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Through Nrf2/HO-1-Mediated Inhibition of NF-κB Signaling in LPS-Stimulated Mouse Microglial Cells.

Botanical extracts are recognized in traditional medicine for their therapeutic potential and safety standards. Botanical extracts are viable and sustainable alternatives to synthetic drugs, being essential in drug discovery for various diseases. (Viv.

Anti-Amyloid Imaging Abnormality in the Era of Anti-Amyloid Beta Monoclonal Antibodies: Recent Updates for the Radiologist.

Lecanemab and donanemab have received full U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, and subsequently, lecanemab has been approved by the Korean FDA and it has recently entered commercial use in Korea.

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Dementia: Recommendations for the Pharmacological Treatment of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms.

Background And Purpose: Dementia often accompanies behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), including agitation, aggression, depression, and psychosis, which impact patients' quality of life and caregiver burden. Effective management of BPSD is essential to support patient and caregiver well-being. This study presents evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for pharmacological treatments of BPSD in dementia, focusing on antipsychotics, antidepressants, cognitive enhancers, and other medications.

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Dementia: Recommendations for Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Memantine.

Background And Purpose: This clinical practice guideline provides evidence-based recommendations for treatment of dementia, focusing on cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other types of dementia.

Methods: Using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes (PICO) framework, we developed key clinical questions and conducted systematic literature reviews. A multidisciplinary panel of experts, organized by the Korean Dementia Association, evaluated randomized controlled trials and observational studies.

Narrative mobile video game-based cognitive training to enhance frontal function in patients with mild cognitive impairment.

Although cognitive training has been proposed as a possible therapeutic modality for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), most serious games focus on specific tasks. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of narrative video game-based cognitive intervention for MCI. A four-week (± 1-week) mobile game intervention was given to 17 MCI participants (mean age (SD) = 72.

Lecanemab: Appropriate Use Recommendations by Korean Dementia Association.

Lecanemab (product name Leqembi®) is an anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody treatment approved for use in Korea for patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. The Korean Dementia Association has created recommendations for the appropriate use of lecanemab to assist clinicians. These recommendations include selecting patients for administration, necessary pre-administration tests and preparations, administration methods, monitoring for amyloid related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), and communication with patients and caregivers.

Automated Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Diagnosis via Artificial Intelligence-Based 3D T1 MRI Volumetric Analysis.

Background And Purpose: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is reversible dementia that is underdiagnosed. The purpose of this study was to develop an automated diagnostic method for iNPH using artificial intelligence techniques with a T1-weighted MRI scan.

Materials And Methods: We quantified iNPH, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, and healthy controls on T1-weighted 3D brain MRI scans using 452 scans for training and 110 scans for testing.

Effects of strategic white matter hyperintensities of cholinergic pathways on basal forebrain volume in patients with amyloid-negative neurocognitive disorders.

Background: The cholinergic neurotransmitter system is crucial to cognitive function, with the basal forebrain (BF) being particularly susceptible to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. However, the interaction of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in cholinergic pathways and BF atrophy without amyloid pathology remains poorly understood.

Methods: We enrolled patients who underwent neuropsychological tests, magnetic resonance imaging, and F-florbetaben positron emission tomography due to cognitive impairment at the teaching university hospital from 2015 to 2022.

Architecture and anatomy of executive processes: evidence from verbal fluency and Trail Making Test in 2009 stroke patients.

Objectives: The few voxel-wise lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) studies aimed at identifying the anatomy of executive function are limited by the absence of a model and by small populations. Using Trail Making Test (TMT) and verbal fluency and a model of their architectures, our objective was to identify the key structures underlying two major executive processes, set-shifting and strategic word search.

Methods: We applied a validated VLSM analysis to harmonized cognitive and imaging data from 2009 ischemic stroke patients as a part of the Meta VCI Map consortium.

Impact of white matter hyperintensity volumes estimated by automated methods using deep learning on stroke outcomes in small vessel occlusion stroke.

Introduction: Although white matter hyperintensity (WMH) shares similar vascular risk and pathology with small vessel occlusion (SVO) stroke, there were few studies to evaluate the impact of the burden of WMH volume on early and delayed stroke outcomes in SVO stroke.

Materials And Methods: Using a multicenter registry database, we enrolled SVO stroke patients between August 2013 and November 2022. The WMH volume was estimated by automated methods using deep learning (VUNO Med-DeepBrain, Seoul, South Korea), which was a commercially available segmentation model.