Evaluation of familial phenotype deviation to measure the impact of de novo mutations in autism.

Background: The phenotypic outcomes of de novo variants (DNVs) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit wide variability. To date, no study has comprehensively estimated DNV effects accounting for familial phenotypic background.

Methods: To evaluate DNV effects in a family-relative context, we defined within-family standardized deviations (WFSD) by subtracting phenotype scores of unaffected family members and standardizing the result.

Intraparenchymal Penicillin G Injection Promotes Wound Healing and Lowers POPF in Pigs After Pancreatic Surgery.

Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a significant complication following pancreatic surgery, considerably influenced by the texture of the pancreatic tissue. This study aims to explore the potential of Penicillin G (PG) in reducing the severity of POPF in a porcine surgical model. After performing distal pancreatectomy with pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ), pigs were administered either normal saline or varying concentrations of PG (0.

Predicting Neoplastic Gallbladder Polyps: The Role of Current Surgical Indications and Preoperative Images.

Background/aims: Cholecystectomy for gallbladder (GB) polyps is performed primarily based on preoperative images. This study examined the accuracy of surgical indications commonly used in clinical practice for detecting neoplastic polyps and investigated further clues for predicting neoplastic polyps.

Methods: This retrospective study included 385 patients who underwent a cholecystectomy for GB polyps.

Controlling TiO photocatalytic behaviour perhydropolysilazane-derived SiO ultrathin shell.

This study addresses the inherent photocatalytic activity of pure titanium dioxide (TiO), which limits its application as an industrial pigment. To mitigate this issue, a core-shell structure was employed, where TiO cores were encapsulated within SiO shells. Perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) was introduced as a superior SiO precursor over tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), resulting in thinner and more uniform SiO shells.

Inflammatory Cytokines and Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Prodrome.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between blood levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cognitive impairments among elderly individuals.

Methods: Peripheral concentration of TNF-α and IL-6 were measured in all subjects. To assess individual cognitive function, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (CERAD-NP) was used, and standardized scores (z-scores) were calculated for each test.

Effect of smoking on the risk of gastrointestinal cancer after cholecystectomy: A national population-based cohort study.

Background: The role of smoking in the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) or gastric cancer (GC) in populations undergoing cholecystectomy has not been investigated.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of smoking on CRC or GC development in cholecystectomy patients.

Methods: A total of 174874 patients who underwent cholecystectomy between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2017 were identified using the Korean National Health Insurance Service claims database.

Electroencephalography-based endogenous phenotype of diagnostic transition from major depressive disorder to bipolar disorder.

The neuropathology of mood disorders, including the diagnostic transition from major depressive disorder (MDD) to bipolar disorder (BD), is poorly understood. This study investigated resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) activity in patients with MDD and those whose diagnosis changed from MDD to BD. Among sixty-eight enrolled patients with MDD, the diagnosis of 17 patients converted to BD during the study period.

Abnormal Electroencephalogram Findings and Its Correlation With Clinical Features From Pediatric Patients in Psychiatric Clinic.

We aimed to evaluate the occurrence of electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities in pediatric patients attending an outpatient psychiatry clinic at a tertiary center. We examined the rates of abnormalities and specific findings based on demographics, specific diagnoses, and clinical severity. This study included pediatric patients who underwent EEG at the outpatient psychiatry clinic.

An empirical study on social network analysis for small residential communities in Gangwon State, South Korea.

Social Network Analysis (SNA) provides a dynamic framework for examining interactions and connections within networks, elucidating how these relationships impact behaviors and outcomes. This study targeted small residential communities in Gangwon State, South Korea, to explore network formation theories and derive strategies for enhancing health promotion services in rural communities. Conducted in 12 small residential areas, the survey led to a network categorization model distinguishing networks as formal, informal, or non-existent.

Short tandem repeat expansions in cortical layer-specific genes implicate in phenotypic severity and adaptability of autism spectrum disorder.

Aim: Short tandem repeats (STRs) are repetitive DNA sequences and highly mutable in various human disorders. While the involvement of STRs in various genetic disorders has been extensively studied, their role in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains largely unexplored. In this study, we aimed to investigate genetic association of STR expansions with ASD using whole genome sequencing (WGS) and identify risk loci associated with ASD phenotypes.

Examining the Use of Oral Aripiprazole in Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Study of Retrospective Chart Review at a University Medical Center.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the patterns of use of oral aripiprazole treatment in children and adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at a university medical center in Korea.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 164 outpatient children and adolescents diagnosed with ASD by child and adolescent psychiatrists. Patient demographic characteristics, clinical features, age and dose of aripiprazole treatment, associated adverse events, and concomitant medications, etc.

Proposal of a Network System to Solve the Problem of Small Volume in Liver Transplantation; Catholic Medical Center Network.

Introduction: Liver transplantation (LT) is a complex and demanding procedure associated with significant perioperative challenges and risks. Concerns have arisen regarding LT outcomes in low-volume centers. We implemented an integrated training and surgical team network to address these concerns within the Catholic Medical Center (CMC) network.

Descriptive Analysis of Social Interaction and Communication Skills of Autistic Children According to Sibling Status and Characteristics.

Objective: Sibling relationships in early childhood can have a positive impact on children's social interaction and communication skills. Similarly, autistic children can benefit from interactions with their siblings, who can serve as readily available partners for social interaction. However, there is a lack of research on the effects of siblings based on specific characteristics of the sibling.

Occupational and Psychological Factors Associated With Burnout in Night Shift Nurses.

Objective: Providing inpatient nursing care inevitably involves night shift work. However, night shift work nurses often face psychiatric health problems such as burnout. If night shift work is an essential work type for nurses, it is necessary to select personnel suitable for night shift work or establish improvement measures such as psychiatric intervention through psychiatric evaluation.

Clinical characteristics of comorbid tic disorders in autism spectrum disorder: exploratory analysis.

Background: The frequency, clinical characteristics, and associated symptoms of comorbid tic disorders in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain unclear.

Methods: We included subsets of individuals from a larger genetic study who were diagnosed with ASD (n = 679; age: 4-18 years) and completed the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) questionnaire. Based on the YGTSS score, the individuals were divided into two groups: ASD only (n = 554) and ASD with tics (n = 125).

Loss of Acquired Skills: Regression in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Objectives: Regression, while not a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), has been suggested to be a distinct subtype by previous studies. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the prevalence and clinical differences between those with and without regression in children with ASD.

Methods: This study includes data from toddlers and young children aged 2-7 years acquired from other projects at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital.

Patterns of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors in Toddlers and Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Objectives: Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are a core symptom in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The complexity of behavioral patterns has called for the creation of phenotypically homogeneous subgroups among individuals with ASD. The purpose of this study was 1) to investigate the different types of RRBs and 2) to explore whether subgroups created by RRBs would show unique levels of functioning in toddlers and young children with ASD.

Efficacy and Safety of Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination Following Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin Withdrawal After Liver Transplantation.

Background: Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and oral nucleoside/nucleotide analogs have been the mainstay of hepatitis B virus (HBV) prophylaxis after liver transplantation. However, long-term HBIG administration could have disadvantages, such as an increase in medical costs and the development of mutant HBV strains. This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of HBV vaccination after the withdrawal of HBIG after liver transplantation.

Validation of Social Responsiveness Scale for Korean Preschool Children With Autism.

Objective: This cross-cultural study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and to determine the best-estimate-cut-off scores for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Korean preschool children.

Methods: A total of 563 children was recruited from multiple sources, including Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. Participants were assessed by a multidisciplinary research team using multiple diagnostic tools based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.

Portal modulation effects of terlipressin on liver regeneration and survival in a porcine model subjected to 90% hepatectomy.

Background: Excessive postoperative portal pressure is associated with post-hepatectomy liver failure and small-for-size syndrome after partial liver transplantation. This study aimed to identify the portal modulation effects of terlipressin on liver regeneration and survival in a porcine model subjected to 90% hepatectomy.

Methods: Twenty pigs undergoing 90% hepatectomy were divided into control (n = 10) and terlipressin (n = 10) groups.

The beneficial impacts of splanchnic vasoactive agents on hepatic functional recovery in massive hepatectomy porcine model.

Background: Excessive portal pressure after massive hepatectomy can cause hepatic sinusoidal injury and have deleterious impacts on hepatic functional recovery, contributing to developing post-hepatectomy liver failure. This study aimed to assess the effects of splanchnic vasoactive agents on hepatic functional recovery and regeneration while clarifying the underlying mechanism, using a 70% hepatectomy porcine model.

Methods: Eighteen pigs undergoing 70% hepatectomy were involved in this study and divided into three groups: control (n=6), terlipressin (n=6), and octreotide (n=6).

Biomimetic and flexible piezoelectric mobile acoustic sensors with multiresonant ultrathin structures for machine learning biometrics.

Flexible resonant acoustic sensors have attracted substantial attention as an essential component for intuitive human-machine interaction (HMI) in the future voice user interface (VUI). Several researches have been reported by mimicking the basilar membrane but still have dimensional drawback due to limitation of controlling a multifrequency band and broadening resonant spectrum for full-cover phonetic frequencies. Here, highly sensitive piezoelectric mobile acoustic sensor (PMAS) is demonstrated by exploiting an ultrathin membrane for biomimetic frequency band control.

Associations of general obesity and central obesity with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a Korean population: A national population-based cohort study.

Numerous previous studies have shown an association between general obesity and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, relatively few reports on the association of central obesity and HCC are available in Asian populations. Therefore, we investigated the association between WC representing central obesity and the risk of HCC in addition to BMI representing general obesity and the risk of HCC in Korea.