V-ATPases and amino acid catabolism are strongly disturbed in the roots of autophagy mutants in Arabidopsis, impacting water use efficiency and tricarboxylic acid metabolism.

Autophagy is essential for homeostasis and nutrient recycling. Its activity increases with aging and in response to deficiencies. The effects of defective autophagy on root metabolism have not yet been described.

A Brassica napus water soluble chlorophyll binding protein (WSCP1) delays chlorophyll degradation and inhibits serine proteases during dark-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana.

This preliminary study shows that Brassica napus WSCP1 delays chlorophyll degradation and inhibits serine proteases during dark-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. In Brassica napus L., one of the levers for improving Nitrogen Remobilization Efficiency (NRE) consists to delay senescence onset, which prolongs leaf lifespan and reduces the asynchronism between the nitrogen emptying period in these source organs and the filling period of seeds.

Lack or excess of autophagy leads to premature leaf senescence probably due to unbalanced nutrient management.

Background And Aims: Macroautophagy is essential for the degradation and recycling of various macromolecules in eukaryote cells. In plants, autophagy is involved in the degradation of damaged chloroplasts in response to stress. Autophagy is a key player in nitrogen management at the whole-plant level, and autophagy mutants display strong defects in nitrogen remobilization and early leaf senescence phenotypes especially under nitrogen source limitation.

The Taproot Acts as a Storage Organ During Rapeseed Vernalization.

In winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), vernalization, prolonged cold exposure, is essential for spring flowering. Although transcriptomic changes in leaves during vernalization are studied, the taproot, a key storage organ, remains unexplored.

Tuning of sulfur flow and sulfur seed metabolism in oilseed rape under sulfate-limited conditions.

The response of oilseed rape to sulfur (S) restriction usually consists of increasing the components of S utilization efficiency (absorption, assimilation, and remobilization) to provide S to seeds. However, source-sink relationships and S management in developing seeds under sulfate restriction are poorly understood. To address this, impacts of sulfate restrictions applied at 'visible bud' or 'start of pod filling' stages were studied in two genotypes, Aviso and Capitol.

Ionomic and proteomic changes highlight the effect of silicon supply on the nodules functioning of L.

Introduction: Numerous studies have reported the beneficial effects of silicon (Si) in alleviating biotic or abiotic stresses in many plant species. However, the role of Si in Fabaceae facing environmental stress is poorly documented. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Si on physiological traits and nodulation efficiency in L.

Multi-scale phenotyping of senescence-related changes in roots of rapeseed in response to nitrate limitation.

Root senescence remains largely unexplored. In this study, the time-course of the morphological, metabolic, and proteomic changes occurring with root aging were investigated, providing a comprehensive picture of the root senescence program. We found novel senescence-related markers for the characterization of the developmental stage of root tissues.

Drought specifically downregulates mineral nutrition: Plant ionomic content and associated gene expression.

One of the main limiting factors of plant yield is drought, and while the physiological responses to this environmental stress have been broadly described, research addressing its impact on mineral nutrition is scarce. and were subjected to moderate or severe water deficit, and their responses to drought were assessed by functional ionomic analysis, and derived calculation of the net uptake of 20 nutrients. While the uptake of most mineral nutrients decreased, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Mo uptake were impacted earlier and at a larger scale than most physiological parameters assessed (growth, ABA concentration, gas exchanges and photosynthetic activity).

Assessing the Effect of Silicon Supply on Root Sulfur Uptake in S-Fed and S-Deprived L.

Silicon (Si) is known to alleviate many nutritional stresses. However, in , which is a highly S-demanding species, the Si effect on S deficiency remains undocumented. The aim of this study was to assess whether Si alleviates the negative effects of S deficiency on and modulates root sulfate uptake capacity and S accumulation.

Transcriptomic, Metabolomic and Ionomic Analyses Reveal Early Modulation of Leaf Mineral Content in under Mild or Severe Drought.

While it is generally acknowledged that drought is one of the main abiotic factors affecting plant growth, how mineral nutrition is specifically and negatively affected by water deficit has received very little attention, other than being analyzed as a consequence of reduced growth. Therefore, plants were subjected to a gradual onset of water deficits (mild, severe, or severe extended), and leaves were analyzed at the ionomic, transcriptomic and metabolic levels. The number of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) and of the most differentially accumulated metabolites increased from mild (525 DEGs, 57 metabolites) to severe (5454 DEGs, 78 metabolites) and severe extended (9346 DEGs, 95 metabolites) water deficit.

Comparative Omics Analysis of Roots Subjected to Six Individual Macronutrient Deprivations Reveals Deficiency-Specific Genes and Metabolomic Profiles.

The early and specific diagnosis of a macronutrient deficiency is challenging when seeking to better manage fertilizer inputs in the context of sustainable agriculture. Consequently, this study explored the potential for transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of roots to characterize the effects of six individual macronutrient deprivations (N, Mg, P, S, K, and Ca). Our results showed that before any visual phenotypic response, all macronutrient deprivations led to a large modulation of the transcriptome and metabolome involved in various metabolic pathways, and some were common to all macronutrient deprivations.

Do nitrogen- and sulphur-remobilization-related parameters measured at the onset of the reproductive stage provide early indicators to adjust N and S fertilization in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) grown under N- and/or S-limiting supplies?

Specific combinations of physiological and molecular parameters associated with N and S remobilization measured at the onset of flowering were predictive of final crop performances in oilseed rape. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a high nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) demanding crop.

Transcriptional Reprogramming of Pea Leaves at Early Reproductive Stages.

Pea ( L.) is an important source of dietary proteins. Nutrient recycling from leaves contributes to the accumulation of seed proteins and is a pivotal determinant of protein yields in this grain legume.

Seed Yield Components and Seed Quality of Oilseed Rape Are Impacted by Sulfur Fertilization and Its Interactions With Nitrogen Fertilization.

Although the impact of sulfur (S) availability on the seed yield and nutritional quality of seeds has been demonstrated, its impact coupled with nitrogen (N) availability remains poorly studied in oilseed rape. A deeper knowledge of S and N interactions on seed yield components and seed quality could improve S and N fertilization management in a sustainable manner. To address this question, our goals were to determine the effects of nine different S fertilization management strategies (i) in interaction with different levels of N fertilization and (ii) according to the timing of application (by delaying and fractionating the S inputs) on agronomic performances and components of seed yield.

Disentangling the complexity and diversity of crosstalk between sulfur and other mineral nutrients in cultivated plants.

A complete understanding of ionome homeostasis requires a thorough investigation of the dynamics of the nutrient networks in plants. This review focuses on the complexity of interactions occurring between S and other nutrients, and these are addressed at the level of the whole plant, the individual tissues, and the cellular compartments. With regards to macronutrients, S deficiency mainly acts by reducing plant growth, which in turn restricts the root uptake of, for example, N, K, and Mg.

Silicon supply affects the root transcriptome of Brassica napus L.

Modulation of gene expression in roots of Brassica napus by silicon (Si) supply could allow plants to cope with future stresses. The origin of the beneficial effects of silicon (Si) in plants, especially when they are subject to stress, remains poorly understood. Some authors have shown that Si alleviates plant stress and consider that this is mainly due to a mechanical effect on the cell wall.

A New Role for SAG12 Cysteine Protease in Roots of .

Senescence associated gene (SAG) 12, which encodes a cysteine protease is considered to be important in nitrogen (N) allocation to seeds. A decrease in the yield and N content of the seeds was observed in the Arabidopsis SAG12 knockout mutants () relative to the wild type (Col0) under limited nitrogen nutrition. However, leaf senescence was similar in both lines.

Germinative and Post-Germinative Behaviours of Seeds Are Impacted by the Severity of S Limitation Applied to the Parent Plants.

In oilseed rape ( L.), sulphur (S) limitation leads to a reduction of seed yield and nutritional quality, but also to a reduction of seed viability and vigour. S metabolism is known to be involved in the control of germination sensu stricto and seedling establishment.

Sensitivity analyses for improving sulfur management strategies in winter oilseed rape.

Because sulfur (S) depletion in soil results in seed yield losses and grain quality degradation, especially in high S-demanding crops such as oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), monitoring S fertilisation has become a central issue. Crop models can be efficient tools to conduct virtual experiments under different fertilisation management strategies.

SAG12, a Major Cysteine Protease Involved in Nitrogen Allocation during Senescence for Seed Production in Arabidopsis thaliana.

SAG12 is the most widely used senescence-associated reference gene for characterizing leaf senescence, and the increase in SAG12 protein during leaf senescence is remarkable. However, the role of this cysteine protease in N remobilization and the leaf senescence process remains unclear. The role of SAG12 has been poorly investigated and the few reports dealing with this are somewhat controversial.

Nutrient deficiencies modify the ionomic composition of plant tissues: a focus on cross-talk between molybdenum and other nutrients in Brassica napus.

The composition of the ionome is closely linked to a plant's nutritional status. Under certain deficiencies, cross-talk induces unavoidable accumulation of some nutrients, which upsets the balance and modifies the ionomic composition of plant tissues. Rapeseed plants (Brassica napus L.

Corrigendum: Heat Stress during Seed Filling Interferes with Sulfur Restriction on Grain Composition and Seed Germination in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.).

[This corrects the article on p. 213 in vol. 6, PMID: 25914702.

Heat stress during seed filling interferes with sulfur restriction on grain composition and seed germination in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.).

In coming decades, increasing temperatures are expected to impact crop yield and seed quality. To develop low input systems, the effects of temperature and sulfur (S) nutrition in oilseed rape, a high S demanding crop, need to be jointly considered. In this study, we investigated the effects of temperatures [High Temperature (HT), 33°C/day, 19°C/night vs.

Suppression of Dwarf and irregular xylem Phenotypes Generates Low-Acetylated Biomass Lines in Arabidopsis.

eskimo1-5 (esk1-5) is a dwarf Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant that has a constitutive drought syndrome and collapsed xylem vessels, along with low acetylation levels in xylan and mannan. ESK1 has xylan O-acetyltransferase activity in vitro. We used a suppressor strategy on esk1-5 to screen for variants with wild-type growth and low acetylation levels, a favorable combination for ethanol production.