Alectinib Efficacy Post-Brigatinib Against Advanced + Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (BrigALK2-GFPC 02-2019 Study).

Background: Brigatinib and alectinib are next-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors (ALKis) showing efficacy against naïve and post-crizotinib-treated advanced + non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Real-world data on alectinib efficacy after brigatinib failure are lacking.

Methods: Alectinib efficacy was retrospectively assessed in patients previously treated with brigatinib during an early-access program (EAP) from 1 August 2016 to 21 January 2019.

[Recommendations on the prevention and management of radiation-induced lung injury from the Association francophone pour les soins oncologiques de support and the Société française de radiothérapie oncologique].

Purpose: Radiation-induced lung injury is relatively uncommon but disabling, and a dose-limiting factor in thoracic radiotherapy. This complication is mainly encountered following radiotherapy for lung cancers. We provide recommendations for good clinical practice, defining the prevention and management of radiation-induced lung injury.

Rituximab Versus Conventional Therapy for Remission Induction in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is an eosinophilic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. Rituximab has emerged as the standard of care in other types of ANCA-associated vasculitis, but controlled studies on its use in EGPA are yet lacking.

Objective: To compare rituximab with conventional strategy for the induction of remission in patients with EGPA.

Morphine and metformin impact immunotherapy benefit in patients with NSCLC: Results of the real-world study IFCT-1502 CLINIVO-SNDS.

Background: Most patients with lung cancer have comorbidities at the time of diagnosis. Treatments prescribed for cancer-related symptoms are thus added to drugs for chronic diseases. The impact of comedication on immunotherapy efficacy has been studied in retrospective series, but the results are often biased by the lack of information on the independent prognostic impact of comedication weighted for comorbidities and disease aggressiveness.

Management of non-small cell lung cancer after 2 years of immunotherapy.

Background: The optimal management strategy for metastatic or advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after 2 years of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) remains unclear.

Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective observational study to characterize the management of patients who received at least 2 years of ICI in the first-line setting for a metastatic or advanced-stage NSCLC.

Results: Among the 254 patients that received ICI in the first-line setting, 39 (15%) achieved 2 years of treatment (ICI in monotherapy, n = 14; ICI with chemotherapy, n = 25).

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Impairs Immune Responses to Tumor Neoepitopes Without Altering Mutational Profiles in NSCLC.

Introduction: NSCLC is frequent and associated with poor prognosis among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHIV); nevertheless, the contributing factors remain unknown.

Methods: We prospectively compared the immunogenomic characteristics of 27 NSCLC samples from 15 PLWHIV and 12 immunocompetent patients (ICs). Tumor whole-exome and RNA sequencing, along with a bioinformatics pipeline, allowed analysis of tumor mutational burden, molecular signatures, tumor microenvironment, and prediction of tumor neoepitopes.

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in adults with lower respiratory tract involvement: a retrospective study of the OrphaLung and GETIF networks.

Background: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare respiratory disease primarily caused by chronic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of serotypes 6 and 11. It manifests in childhood (juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JoRRP)) and adulthood (adult-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (AoRRP)), leading to progressive obstruction by papillomas in the upper airway and occasionally in the lower respiratory tract (LRT), including the lungs, with a potential for malignant transformation. This study aimed to delineate the characteristics of JoRRP and AoRRP with LRT involvement in adulthood.

Patterns of Treatment and Real-World Outcomes of Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutations Receiving Mobocertinib: The EXTRACT Study.

Background: Real-world data regarding patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations receiving mobocertinib are limited. This study describes these patients' characteristics and outcomes.

Methods: A chart review was conducted across three countries (Canada, France, and Hong Kong), abstracting data from eligible patients (NCT05207423).

COMPOSIT study: evaluating osimertinib combination with targeted therapies in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: The emergence of diverse resistance mechanisms after osimertinib therapy, including on-target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and off-target alterations, warrants investigation of novel therapeutics to overcome these challenges and improve patient outcomes.

Methods: COMPOSIT was a French, retrospective, multicenter, cohort study of the effectiveness and tolerability of osimertinib in combination with other targeted therapies in patients with advanced EGFR-mutant (EGFRm) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who harbored other oncogenic drivers as primary or acquired resistance mechanisms. Real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR) were the primary endpoints.

Evaluation of efficacy and safety of rituximab in patients with progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD) with inflammatory component (EvER-ILD2): A multicentre double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial.

Introduction: Progressive interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are rare but severe diseases, with high mortality and morbidity, with no effective pharmacological treatment allowing for long-term remission, and therefore no clear therapeutic recommendations. Several ILDs present inflammatory components (ILDic), which may justify the use of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs, as first-step therapy. Except for systemic sclerosis (SSc)-ILD and sarcoidosis, the evidence in favor of this approach is very weak.

Mortality in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.

Background: Despite antifungal treatment, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate rates of mortality and its predictors in CPA.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science to identify studies in English, reporting mortality in CPA, from database inception to Aug 15, 2023.

Efficacy of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors in pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma.

Background: Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas (PSC) are notorious for their poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. The literature suggests that immunotherapy might be effective against this aggressive tumor. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapy, either alone or combined with chemotherapy, as first-line treatment for PSC patients.

A prospective analysis of the management practices for patients with Stage-III-N2Non-Small-Cell lung cancer (OBSERVE IIIA-B GFPC 04-2020Study).

Background: Management of stage-III-N2 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on a multimodal strategy (surgery or radiotherapycombined with systemic drugs) remains controversial. Patients are treated with a curative intent, and available data suggestprolonged survival after complete resection. However, no consensual definition of "tumor resectability" exists.

Entrectinib in ROS1-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer: the phase 2/3 BFAST trial.

Although comprehensive biomarker testing is recommended for all patients with advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before initiation of first-line treatment, tissue availability can limit testing. Genomic testing in liquid biopsies can be utilized to overcome the inherent limitations of tissue sampling and identify the most appropriate biomarker-informed treatment option for patients. The Blood First Assay Screening Trial is a global, open-label, multicohort trial that evaluates the efficacy and safety of multiple therapies in patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC and targetable alterations identified by liquid biopsy.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Use During Pregnancy and Outcomes in Pregnant Individuals and Newborns.

Importance: With the widespread use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), concerns about their pregnancy outcomes through maternal exposure have emerged, and clinical comparative data are lacking.

Objective: To assess the risk of pregnancy-, fetal-, and/or newborn-related adverse outcomes associated with exposure to ICIs compared with exposure to other anticancer agents.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cohort study, all reports mentioning a pregnancy-related condition and an antineoplastic agent (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification group L01) used for a cancer indication registered in the World Health Organization international pharmacovigilance database VigiBase up to June 26, 2022, were extracted.

High risk of lung cancer in surfactant-related gene variant carriers.

Background: Several rare surfactant-related gene (SRG) variants associated with interstitial lung disease are suspected to be associated with lung cancer, but data are missing. We aimed to study the epidemiology and phenotype of lung cancer in an international cohort of SRG variant carriers.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of all adults with SRG variants in the OrphaLung network and compared lung cancer risk with telomere-related gene (TRG) variant carriers.

CT Imaging Assessment of Response to Treatment in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Adults With Bronchial Asthma.

Background: One of the major challenges in managing allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis remains consistent and reproducible assessment of response to treatment.

Research Question: What are the most relevant changes in CT scan parameters over time for assessing response to treatment?

Study Design And Methods: In this ancillary study of a randomized clinical trial (NebuLamB), patients with asthma with available CT scan and without exacerbation during a 4-month allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis exacerbation treatment period (corticosteroids and itraconazole) were included. Changed CT scan parameters were assessed by systematic analyses of CT scan findings at initiation and end of treatment.