Vinorelbine With or Without Thiotepa for HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Propensity Score Analysis.

Background: Vinorelbine is commonly used to treat metastatic breast cancer (mBC), while thiotepa is known for its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier.

Methods: Our retrospective study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of vinorelbine with or without thiotepa in patients with HER2-negative mBC. We used propensity score inverse probability of treatment weighting to ensure comparability between groups.

Impact of omitting clinical target volume in radiotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a propensity score matching analysis.

Background: Determining the planned target volume (PTV) for locally advanced (LA) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is often a challenging task for radiation oncologists. Due to advances in effective multidisciplinary treatments, the necessity to reconcile the clinical target volume (CTV) with the gross tumor volume (GTV) and the PTV presents an ongoing controversy. This study sought to analyze the effects of omitting the CTV on the clinical outcomes of patients with LA-NSCLC.

Comedications Associated with Immune-Related Adverse Events from Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized cancer treatment but are responsible for various immune-related adverse events (irAE). The impact of non-anticancer medications (comedications) on irAE occurrence remains largely unexplored. The objective of this study was to assess comedications associated with an increased reporting of irAE with ICIs.

Development and validation of multi-sequence magnetic resonance imaging radiomics models for predicting tumor response to radiotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: The significant heterogeneity of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) poses challenges for clinical decision-making. Although various predictive methods currently exist, there remains a lack of an accurate and comprehensive approach effectively assessing the response of LA-NSCLC patients to radiotherapy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a model based on multisequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics features to predict tumor response following radiotherapy in patients with LA-NSCLC and to evaluate its clinical utility.

Prognosis and Phenotypes of Advanced Head and Neck Carcinoma Associated With Hypercalcemia.

Purpose: Hypercalcemia is the most common metabolic disorder in cancer, affecting 10%-20% of patients with advanced malignancies, including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC), though its prognostic significance remains poorly studied. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of hypercalcemia at diagnosis in patients with locally advanced or metastatic HNSCC and to explore underlying mechanisms and treatment options.

Methods: We conducted a bicentric, retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2021, including those with locally advanced or metastatic HNSCC undergoing chemotherapy.

Case Report: Immune checkpoint-inhibitor related myotoxicity monitoring using a comprehensive cardiothoracic MRI approach: insights from a clinical case.

Recent advances in immunotherapy have significantly improved outcomes for cancer patients. However, therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can lead to immune-related adverse events, including potentially fatal ICI-myocarditis. The diagnosis of ICI-myocarditis is complex, and cardiac MRI plays a crucial role in identifying this condition.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Impairs Immune Responses to Tumor Neoepitopes Without Altering Mutational Profiles in NSCLC.

Introduction: NSCLC is frequent and associated with poor prognosis among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHIV); nevertheless, the contributing factors remain unknown.

Methods: We prospectively compared the immunogenomic characteristics of 27 NSCLC samples from 15 PLWHIV and 12 immunocompetent patients (ICs). Tumor whole-exome and RNA sequencing, along with a bioinformatics pipeline, allowed analysis of tumor mutational burden, molecular signatures, tumor microenvironment, and prediction of tumor neoepitopes.

Features of myositis and myasthenia gravis in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a multicentric, retrospective cohort study.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may induce overlapping myositis/myasthenia gravis (MG) features, sparking current debate about pathophysiology and management of this emerging disease entity. We aimed to clarify whether ICI-induced (ir-) myositis and ir-MG represent distinct diseases or exist concurrently.

Methods: We performed a retrospective multicenter cohort study.

Radiotherapy for oligoprogressive disease in non-small cell lung cancer treated with pembrolizumab in first-line setting: a retrospective study.

Background: Oligoprogression (OP) is common in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This study aims to assess the benefit and the safety profile of ablative radiotherapy (RT) for OP in mNSCLC treated with pembrolizumab in first-line setting.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed records of all consecutive mNSCLC patients who underwent treatment with pembrolizumab (+/- chemotherapy) in first-line setting and developed an OP treated with ablative RT while continuing pembrolizumab, in a French Hospital from 2019 to 2022.

COMPOSIT study: evaluating osimertinib combination with targeted therapies in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: The emergence of diverse resistance mechanisms after osimertinib therapy, including on-target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and off-target alterations, warrants investigation of novel therapeutics to overcome these challenges and improve patient outcomes.

Methods: COMPOSIT was a French, retrospective, multicenter, cohort study of the effectiveness and tolerability of osimertinib in combination with other targeted therapies in patients with advanced EGFR-mutant (EGFRm) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who harbored other oncogenic drivers as primary or acquired resistance mechanisms. Real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR) were the primary endpoints.

Safety and tolerability of immune checkpoint inhibitors in people with HIV infection and cancer: insights from the national prospective real-world OncoVIHAC ANRS CO24 cohort study.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been a major advance in cancer management. However, we still lack prospective real-world data regarding their usage in people with HIV infection (PWH).

Methods: The ANRS CO24 OncoVIHAC study (NCT03354936) is an ongoing prospective observational cohort study in France of PWH with cancer treated with ICI.

Epstein-Barr virus and immune status imprint the immunogenomics of non-Hodgkin lymphomas occurring in immune-suppressed environments.

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) commonly occur in immunodeficient patients, both those infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and those who have been transplanted, and are often driven by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with cerebral localization, raising the question of tumor immunogenicity, a critical issue for treatment responses. We investigated the immunogenomics of 68 lymphoproliferative disorders from 51 immunodeficient (34 post-transplant, 17 HIV+) and 17 immunocompetent patients. Overall, 72% were large B-cell lymphoma and 25% were primary central nervous system lymphoma, while 40% were EBV+.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Use During Pregnancy and Outcomes in Pregnant Individuals and Newborns.

Importance: With the widespread use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), concerns about their pregnancy outcomes through maternal exposure have emerged, and clinical comparative data are lacking.

Objective: To assess the risk of pregnancy-, fetal-, and/or newborn-related adverse outcomes associated with exposure to ICIs compared with exposure to other anticancer agents.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cohort study, all reports mentioning a pregnancy-related condition and an antineoplastic agent (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification group L01) used for a cancer indication registered in the World Health Organization international pharmacovigilance database VigiBase up to June 26, 2022, were extracted.

FOLFIRI in advanced platinum-resistant/refractory small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective study.

Background: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for approximately 15% of lung cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. In platinum-refractory or -resistant SCLC patients, few treatment options are available. Topotecan is one of the standards of care for these patients, however, due to its high toxicity, several different approaches are employed.

Anti-PD-1 immune-related adverse events are associated with high therapeutic antibody fixation on T cells.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) widely improved the treatment of solid and hematologic malignancies. Yet, a remarkable proportion of patients receiving ICI develop immune related adverse events (irAEs) which are difficult to define as treatment-related. This underlines the need to develop a biomarker to guide irAE diagnosis.

Chemotherapy following immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Background: Recent studies suggest improvements in response to salvage chemotherapy (CT) after immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in several types of cancer. Our objective was to assess the efficacy of chemotherapy re-challenge after ICI, compared with second-line chemotherapy without previous ICI in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC).

Methods: In this multicentre retrospective study, we included all patients with la/mUC initiating second or third-line chemotherapy from January 2015 to June 2020.

Grade 3-4 Immune-Related Adverse Events Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients Are Correlated with Better Outcome: A Real-Life Observational Study.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been a major advance in treating non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death-ligand 1 blockade enhances immune function, mediating anti-tumor activity, yet causing immune-related adverse events (irAEs). We investigated the prognostic role of Grade 3−4 irAEs on overall survival (OS).