Enteral High-Dose Docosahexaenoic Acid and Neurodevelopment in Extremely Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Enteral high-dose docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may be required for neurodevelopment, including cognition, of extremely preterm infants. High-level summative evidence is lacking.

Objectives: This study aims to examine associations between enteral high-dose DHA during the neonatal period and neurodevelopment in infants born ≤29 wk of gestation.

A stepwise approach to designing and delivering the SCHeLTI trial community-family-mother-child obesity prevention intervention.

This paper describes the methods for the development and implementation of the Sino-Canadian Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative (SCHeLTI) intervention, part of a World Health Organization-supported effort to prevent childhood obesity through four international randomized controlled trials. SCHeLTI is a multi-center, cluster-randomized trial in Shanghai, supporting 4500 families from preconception through the child's fifth year. This Community-Family-Mother-Child intervention includes coordinated components such as Healthy Conversation sessions, nutrition consultations, breastfeeding support, an obesity clinic, and educational courses tailored to key reproductive and developmental stages and risk profiles.

Safety of cardiorespiratory and muscle fitness assessment in two children with leukemia during early chemotherapy.

PurposeLimited data are available on the cardiorespiratory and muscle fitness of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during chemotherapy. This pilot study evaluated the safety of testing the cardiorespiratory and muscle fitness of two children with ALL at different risk levels in early chem treatment.MethodsTwo girls with low- and high-risk B-cell ALL (DFCI-16-001) took part in two test sessions: T1 (induction, consolidation 1A/C) and T2 (consolidation 2).

High-dose docosahexaenoic acid for bronchopulmonary dysplasia severity in very preterm infants: a collaborative individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: Neonatal supplementation with high-dose docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) omega-3 may benefit neurodevelopment in very preterm infants, but concerns remain regarding a potential increased risk and severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, the interpretation of evidence on the effect of DHA on severe BPD is challenging because of the heterogeneity in the BPD definitions used across trials.

Objectives: This study aims to determine whether, compared with placebo, neonatal enteral supplementation with high-dose DHA, mimicking placental transfer, is associated with severe BPD in very preterm infants using an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Can prenatal conditions impact the effect of omega-3 on bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants? A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Unlabelled: To explore whether prenatal conditions (i.e. chorioamnionitis, preeclampsia or small-for-gestational age (SGA)) affect the very preterm infant's response to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), according to mode of delivery, an independent factor shown to modulate this association.

The human milk endocannabinoidome and neonatal growth in gestational diabetes.

Objective: Endocannabinoids and their -acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) and 2monoacyl-glycerols (2-MAGs) congeners are involved in the central and peripheral regulation of energy homeostasis, they are present in human milk and are associated with obesity. Infants exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are more likely to develop obesity. The objective of this cross-sectional study is to compare the profile of eCBome mediators in milk of women with gestational diabetes (GDM+) and without (GDM-) and to assess the association with offspring growth.

Antidepressants use during pregnancy and child psychomotor, cognitive and language development at 2 years of age-Results from the 3D Cohort Study.

Approximately 5.5% of pregnant women take antidepressants. Studies on prenatal exposure to antidepressants reported no association with child cognition, and inconsistent results with motor function and language development.

Absolute prediction of relative changes in contrast sensitivity with aberrations using a single metric of retinal image quality.

Metrics of retinal image quality predict optimal refractive corrections and correlate with visual performance. To date, they do not predict absolutely the relative change in visual performance when aberrations change and therefore need to be a-posteriori rescaled to match relative measurements. Here we demonstrate that a recently proposed metric can be used to predict, in an absolute manner, changes in contrast sensitivity measurements with Sloan letters when aberrations change.

Docosahexaenoic acid-rich algae oil supplementation in mothers of preterm infants is associated with a modification in breast milk oxylipins profile.

Oxylipins are derived from enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation of n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are known to be involved in inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to describe the breast milk oxylipin profile following a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation of mothers of preterm infants.

Does Growth Velocity Affect Associations between Birth Weight and Neurodevelopment for Infants Born Very Preterm?

Objective: To determine how neonatal growth velocity affects the association between birth weight and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants born preterm.

Study Design: This study is a secondary analysis of the Maternal Omega-3 Supplementation to Reduce Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Very Preterm Infants (MOBYDIck) randomized multicenter trial conducted in breastfed infants born at <29 weeks of gestation, whose mothers were supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid or placebo during the neonatal period. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed at 18-22 months of corrected age using the Bayley-III cognitive and language composite scores.

Small-for-gestational-age and predictors of HOMA indices, leptin and adiponectin in infancy.

Aim: To assess whether small-for-gestational-age (SGA) - an indicator of poor fetal growth, may affect metabolic health biomarkers in infancy and explore the predictors.

Methods: This was a nested matched (1:2) prospective observational study of 65 SGA (birth weight < 10th percentile) and 130 optimal-for-gestational-age (OGA, birth weight 25th-75th percentiles, control) infants in the 3D birth cohort with subjects recruited in Canada from 1 May 2010 to 31 August 2012. The outcomes included homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell function (HOMA-β), circulating leptin and adiponectin concentrations at age 2 years.

Association Between Enteral Supplementation With High-Dose Docosahexaenoic Acid and Risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: High-dose docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, may affect the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, high-level summative evidence supporting such clinical association in very preterm infants is lacking.

Objective: To examine the association between enteral supplementation with high-dose DHA during the neonatal period and the risk of BPD in preterm infants born at less than 29 weeks' gestation.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Human Milk Composition, and Infant Growth.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is known to affect human milk composition. Aims of this study were to compare macronutrient and energy content of human milk of women with (GDM) and without GDM (GDM), to assess the association between maternal health and human milk macronutrient and energy content and association between human milk macronutrient and energy content and infant growth. Two months after delivery, hindmilk samples were collected.

Breastfeeding Practices and Associated Factors in Shanghai: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The status of breastfeeding practices remains unsatisfactory across China, but regional differences persist. However, disaggregated data for specific provinces are limited. This representative survey determined the status of breastfeeding and factors associated with breastfeeding practices in Shanghai.

Predicting the effects of defocus blur on contrast sensitivity with a model-based metric of retinal image quality.

We measure the effect of defocus blur on contrast sensitivity with Sloan letters in the 0.75-2.00 arc min range of letter gaps.

In vivo Evidence of Arterial Dynamic Properties Alteration in Atherosclerotic Rabbit.

Objectives: Atherosclerosis severely damages the arterial wall. The aim of this study was to assess in vivo, for the first time, arterial dynamic properties, reactivity, and stiffness in atherosclerotic (ATH) rabbits.

Methods: The rabbits were fed with 0.

Effect of Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Very Preterm Infant Growth: Secondary Outcome of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation during lactation, compared with a placebo, on the neonatal growth profile of breastfed very preterm infants.

Methods: Preterm infants' growth profile, growth velocity from birth to 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA), and growth at 36 weeks' PMA were pre-specified secondary outcomes of a randomized placebo-controlled trial conducted in 16 Canadian neonatal intensive care units (2015-2018). Lactating mothers who delivered before 29 weeks' gestation were given 1.

Determinants of Healthy Diet Among Children Exposed and Unexposed to Gestational Diabetes.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between individual and environmental determinants of diet quality with diet quality of children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM+) and unexposed (GDM-); to study the association between mother and child vegetables and fruit (VF) intakes.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: One hundred forty-two children (104 GDM+; 38 GDM-) aged 6.