Recurrence and Prevention of Nonimmediate Hypersensitivity Reactions to Iodinated Contrast Media: An 11-Year Cohort Study.

Background: With the increasing use of low-osmolar contrast media (LOCM), hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to LOCM have become more common. Although guidelines for the preventive measure for immediate reactions are well established, evidence-based strategies for nonimmediate HSRs remain limited.

Objective: To determine effective prophylactic strategies for patients with nonimmediate HSRs to LOCM.

Comparison of the Therapeutic Effects of Rebamipide and Diquafosol on Apoptotic Damage of the Ocular Surface in Dry Eyes.

Dry eye disease (DED) is characterized by tear film instability and oxidative stress-induced epithelial damage. This study was conducted to compare the therapeutic effects of 2% rebamipide (REB) and 3% diquafosol (DQS) on oxidative stress-related apoptotic damage of the ocular surface in DED. Human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) were exposed to hyperosmotic stress in vitro and treated with REB or DQS.

Advancing forensic accuracy: mitigating methemoglobin interference in postmortem carbon monoxide analysis using sodium dithionite reduction.

Analyzing carbon monoxide concentration within an individual is crucial. The analysis of CO content in a tissue sample is performed using gas chromatography. The concentration is calculated based on a linear equation derived from the calibration curve created with the CO-fortified sample.

Lower total cholesterol and HDL-C levels are associated with increased risk of Behçet's disease in a prospective nationwide Korean study.

This study explores the relationship between Behçet's disease (BD) and serum lipid levels, focusing on a large cohort to understand the correlation between lipid profile variations and BD. Utilizing data from the Korean National Healthcare Insurance Service, it encompasses 9,914,049 individuals who participated in health screenings in 2009. The research identifies patients diagnosed with BD during a follow-up period and analyzes their lipid profiles, categorized into quartiles of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG).

Analysis of prognostic factors in acute retinal necrosis using ultrawide-field fundus imaging.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify prognostic factors for retinal detachment (RD) and final best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in acute retinal necrosis (ARN) patients using ultrawide-field (UWF) fundus imaging.

Methods: This retrospective study included 29 eyes of 25 patients diagnosed with ARN. Clinical data, including symptom duration before presentation, initial and final BCVA, anterior chamber (AC) cell grade, and vitreous opacity grade, were collected.

The influence of uterine leiomyomatosis on the onset of psoriasis: a nationwide population-based study of 2.5 million Korean females.

Background: Uterine leiomyomatosis and psoriasis are prevalent conditions and shared pathophysiological factors indicate a potential association. However, a direct correlation has not been established. We investigated the relationship between uterine leiomyomatosis and the risk of new-onset psoriasis in Korean females of reproductive age.

Evaluation of Ocular Irritation Sensitivity: Implications of Clinical Parameters, Pain Sensitivity, and Tear Neuromediator Profiles.

Sensitivity to ocular irritation varies among individuals, being influenced by clinical, subjective, and biochemical factors. This study aimed to evaluate individual variability in ocular irritation sensitivity, focusing on clinical parameters, pain perception, and tear neuromediator profiles. Sixty female participants aged 20-40 were classified into high-sensitivity and low-sensitivity groups based on their response to an irritant (Tween20).

Forensic utility of carboxyhemoglobin levels in postmortem spleen specimens in South Korea.

In order to determine whether CO poisoning was the definitive cause of death, the concentration of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) in spleen specimens was analyzed using a gas chromatography-thermal conductivity detector. 125 cases of forensic autopsy reports containing COHb analysis requests were analyzed and subdivided into two groups, improbable and highly probable of CO intoxication. In the first group which consists of 100 cases, the results of COHb analysis were negative, and the circumstances of death, as well as the postmortem findings could not validate the exposure to CO.

Exploring Acne Treatments: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Emerging Therapies.

Acne vulgaris is a common dermatological condition that can present across different ages but predominantly affects adolescents and young adults. Characterized by various lesion types, the pathogenesis of acne is complex, involving genetic, hormonal, microbial, and inflammatory factors. This review comprehensively addresses current and emerging acne management strategies, emphasizing both topical and systemic treatments, procedural therapies, and dietary modifications.

Molecular Frontiers in Melanoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Advances.

Melanoma, a highly aggressive skin cancer, is characterized by rapid progression and high mortality. Recent advances in molecular pathogenesis have shed light on genetic and epigenetic changes that drive melanoma development. This review provides an overview of these developments, focusing on molecular mechanisms in melanoma genesis.

Neuromuscular blocking agent re-exposure in a retrospective cohort with neuromuscular blocking agent-associated anaphylaxis.

Background: Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are one of the most common causes of perioperative anaphylaxis. Although skin test positivity may help identify reactive NMBAs, it is unclear whether skin test negativity can guarantee the safety of systemically administered NMBAs.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the real-world safety of alternative NMBAs screened using skin tests in patients with suspected NMBA-induced anaphylaxis.

Factors Associated with Visual Acuity in Advanced Glaucoma.

This study aimed to comprehensively analyze various parameters in advanced glaucoma patients to identify the factors that can affect best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in advanced glaucoma. This cross-sectional retrospective study included 113 patients (mean age, 61.66 ± 13.

Predictors of long-term visual field outcome after an episode of acute primary angle closure.

Background: To investigate the long-term visual field (VF) outcome and baseline factors associated with functional sequelae in patients who experienced an episode of acute primary angle closure (APAC) and underwent subsequent lens extraction.

Methods: Fifty patients (50 eyes) who experienced an APAC episode and underwent subsequent lens extraction at Chonnam National University Hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients underwent VF examinations after 1 year of an acute episode.

Influence of scan direction on subfoveal choroidal vascularity index using optical coherence tomography.

We investigated the influence of scan direction on subfoveal choroidal vascularity index (CVI) measurements using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in young healthy subjects. Seventy-eight eyes of 41 healthy volunteers were included. Choroidal structures were obtained using SD-OCT with enhanced depth imaging (EDI) through radial scans at the center of the macula.

Autophagy: Guardian of Skin Barrier.

Autophagy is a major degradation pathway that removes harmful intracellular substances to maintain homeostasis. Various stressors, such as starvation and oxidative stress, upregulate autophagy, and the dysregulation of autophagy is associated with various human diseases, including cancer and skin diseases. The skin is the first defense barrier against external environmental hazards such as invading pathogens, ultraviolet rays, chemical toxins, and heat.

Risk for Behçet's disease gauged via high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: a nationwide population-based study in Korea.

Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Low levels of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with Crohn's disease, another chronic inflammatory disease. However, the effects of low HDL-C levels on BD are unclear.

Allergic-like Hypersensitivity Reactions to Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents: An 8-year Cohort Study of 154 539 Patients.

Background With the widespread use of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs), the incidence of allergic-like hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to GBCAs is increasing. Research on the incidence and risk factors for HSRs to GBCAs is needed for their safe use. Purpose To determine the incidence of acute and delayed reactions to GBCAs and to discuss the risk factors and strategies for the prevention of HSRs to GBCAs.

Clinical and Economic Impact of Pharmacists' Intervention on Care of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Patients.

Introduction: Children with cancer may be one of the most vulnerable groups to drug-related adverse events because they possess characteristics of patients with cancer as well as pediatric patients. To evaluate the clinical and economic impact of pharmacists' intervention on the care of pediatric hematology and oncology patients in the inpatient and outpatient settings of a children's hospital.

Methods: The pharmacist-intervention records from 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.