Node Reporting and Data System Evaluation of Axillary Nodes in Invasive Ductal and Lobular Carcinoma.

Background Although the Node Reporting and Data System (Node-RADS) offers a standardized method for assessing lymph node metastasis, its performance may vary according to the histologic type of breast cancer. Purpose To evaluate the applicability of the Node-RADS score in assessing axillary lymph node involvement in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) or invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, data from consecutive women with pathologically confirmed IDC or ILC who underwent preoperative breast MRI between January 2017 and December 2018 were analyzed.

Combined use of two artificial intelligence-based algorithms for mammography triaging: a retrospective simulation study.

Objectives: To evaluate triaging scenarios involving two commercial AI algorithms to enhance mammography interpretation and reduce workload.

Materials And Methods: A total of 3012 screening or diagnostic mammograms, including 213 cancer cases, were analyzed using two AI algorithms (AI-1, AI-2) and categorized as "high-risk" (top 10%), "minimal-risk" (bottom 20%), or "indeterminate" based on malignancy likelihood. Five triaging scenarios of combined AI use (Sensitive, Specific, Conservative, Sequential Modes A and B) determined whether cases would be autonomously recalled, classified as negative, or referred for radiologist interpretation.

Background parenchymal enhancement as a predictor of invasive disease-free survival in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer.

Background: Background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) at breast MRI was associated with long-term survival in patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer patients. Oncotype DX Recurrence Score (RS) is used for prognostic prediction and adjuvant therapy decision-making.

Purpose: To identify clinicopathologic and radiologic features associated with invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) and to compare with the Oncotype DX RS.

Comparison of diffusion-weighted and contrast-enhanced MRI for monitoring response to neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer.

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of post-neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) compared to contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) in predicting tumor response in breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: Patients with breast cancer who were examined using 3.0-T MRI after NAT and underwent surgery between 2015 and 2018 were studied.

Impact of Preoperative MRI on Survival Outcomes in Patients with HER2-positive and Hormone Receptor-negative Breast Cancer.

Background Little is known regarding the impact of preoperative breast MRI on the long-term outcomes of patients with breast cancer that is human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive and hormone receptor negative. Purpose To evaluate the impact of preoperative breast MRI on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with HER2-positive and hormone receptor-negative breast cancer by using propensity score matching. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included women diagnosed with HER2-positive and hormone receptor-negative invasive ductal carcinoma between January 2007 and December 2016.

Preoperative breast MRI in HER2-positive/hormone receptor-negative breast cancer: surgical outcomes using propensity score matching.

Objectives: To examine the association between preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgical outcomes in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive/hormone receptor (HR)-negative breast cancer through a propensity score (PS)-matched analysis.

Materials And Methods: Patients with HER2-positive/HR-negative invasive ductal carcinoma between 2007 and 2014 were retrospectively assessed and compared according to whether they underwent preoperative MRI. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) analysis and PS matching were used to adjust 17 covariates to control between the MRI and no-MRI groups.

Prevalence and outcomes of nonmass lesions detected on screening breast ultrasound based on ultrasound features.

Purpose: To determine how often non-mass lesions are seen in screening breast ultrasounds, and analyze their ultrasound features according to the ultrasound lexicon to find features suggestive of malignant non-mass lesions.

Methods: This study is a single center retrospective study for nonmass lesions on screening breast ultrasound. Among 21,604 patients who underwent screening breast US, there were 279 patients with nonmass lesions.

Nonmass Lesions on Breast Ultrasound: Interreader Agreement and Associations With Malignancy.

Nonmass lesions (NMLs) on breast ultrasound lack clear definition and encompass a broad range of benign and malignant entities. Given the anticipated inclusion of NMLs in the BI-RADS 6th edition, a thorough understanding of these lesions will be critical for their optimal management. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate interreader agreement for classification of lesions observed on breast ultrasound as NMLs and to identify the imaging features associated with malignancy in these lesions.

Optimizing angular range in digital breast tomosynthesis: A phantom study investigating lesion detection across varied breast density and thickness.

Purpose: To determine the optimal angular range (AR) for digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) systems that provides highest lesion visibility across various breast densities and thicknesses.

Method: A modular DBT phantom, consisting of tissue-equivalent adipose and glandular modules, along with a module embedded with test objects (speckles, masses, fibers), was used to create combinations simulating different breast thicknesses, densities, and lesion locations. A prototype DBT system operated at four ARs (AR, AR, AR, and AR) to acquire 11 projection images for each combination, with separate fixed doses for thin and thick combinations.

Comparing Diagnostic Accuracy of Radiologists versus GPT-4V and Gemini Pro Vision Using Image Inputs from Diagnosis Please Cases.

Background The diagnostic abilities of multimodal large language models (LLMs) using direct image inputs and the impact of the temperature parameter of LLMs remain unexplored. Purpose To investigate the ability of GPT-4V and Gemini Pro Vision in generating differential diagnoses at different temperatures compared with radiologists using Diagnosis Please cases. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included Diagnosis Please cases published from January 2008 to October 2023.

Mammographic density assessment: comparison of radiologists, automated volumetric measurement, and artificial intelligence-based computer-assisted diagnosis.

Background: Artificial intelligence-based computer-assisted diagnosis (AI-CAD) is increasingly used for mammographic exams, and its role in mammographic density assessment should be evaluated.

Purpose: To assess the inter-modality agreement between radiologists, automated volumetric density measurement program (Volpara), and AI-CAD system in breast density categorization using the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) density categories.

Material And Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 1015 screening digital mammograms that were performed in Asian female patients (mean age = 56 years ± 10 years) in our health examination center between December 2022 and January 2023.

Assessing internal mammary lymph node metastasis by breast magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer.

The internal mammary lymph nodes (IMLNs) are a main pathway of metastasis in breast cancer, and breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in staging that disease. We investigated the MRI parameters that can predict metastatic IMLNs and evaluated their diagnostic performance by comparing the breast MRI findings for metastatic and benign IMLNs. From January 2016 to December 2020, 474 cases of enlarged IMLNs on breast MRI were identified.

AI-based improvement in lung cancer detection on chest radiographs: results of a multi-reader study in NLST dataset.

Objective: Assess if deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm improves reader performance for lung cancer detection on chest X-rays (CXRs).

Methods: This reader study included 173 images from cancer-positive patients (n = 98) and 346 images from cancer-negative patients (n = 196) selected from National Lung Screening Trial (NLST). Eight readers, including three radiology residents, and five board-certified radiologists, participated in the observer performance test.

Feasibility of supine MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)-navigated ultrasound in breast cancer patients.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of image fusion between US and supine MRI in breast cancer patients, and to evaluate differences in tumor location between prone and supine positions.

Methods: This prospective study included 88 patients who underwent an additional supine MRI (MRsup) sequence following routine prone MRI (MRpro) for breast cancer between May 2016 and December 2017. The location of the tumor and discrepancies in the distances from nipple to lesion (NLD), skin to lesion (SLD), and chest wall to lesion (CLD) were evaluated between MRpro and MRsup (MRpro-sup), MRpro and MRsup-navigated US (MRpro-USnav), and MRsup and USnav (MRsup-USnav).

Ectopic Male Breast Cancer in the Perineum: A Case Report.

Ectopic breast tissue and male breast cancer are both very rare diseases with only a few reports in the literature. Here, we present the first case of ectopic male breast cancer in the perineum. The patient was a 70-year-old man with a palpable mass in the perineum.

Comparison of variability in breast density assessment by BI-RADS category according to the level of experience.

Background Only few studies have assessed variability in the results obtained by the readers with different experience levels in comparison with automated volumetric breast density measurements. Purpose To examine the variations in breast density assessment according to BI-RADS categories among readers with different experience levels and to compare it with the results of automated quantitative measurements. Material and Methods Density assignment was done for 1000 screening mammograms by six readers with three different experience levels (breast-imaging experts, general radiologists, and students).

Predictive Clinicopathologic and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Findings for Tumor Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether clinicopathologic factors and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) features are associated with pathologic tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Materials And Methods: Seventy-three patients with TNBC who underwent pre-NAC MRI, completed NAC, and underwent surgery between January 2009 and December 2010 were included in the study. MRI features and clinicopathologic factors for predicting pathologic responses were analyzed, and residual tumor sizes, as measured using MRI and surgical specimens, were evaluated.

Coronary bifurcation stent morphology in dual-source CT: validation with micro-CT.

The aim of this study is to analyze post-bifurcation coronary stent morphology in vitro using dual-source CT and validate those findings using micro-CT. Nine silicon coronary artery phantoms simulating main branch (MB) and side branch (SB) were prepared using a 3-D printer. After bifurcation stenting using Crush, Culotte, and T-stenting technique, in vitro CT imaging was conducted using both dual-source CT and micro-CT.

Preoperative cardiac computed tomography for demonstration of congenital cardiac septal defect in adults.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the role of preoperative cardiac computed tomography (CT) for adults with congenital cardiac septal defect (CSD).

Methods: Sixty-five consecutive patients who underwent preoperative CT and surgery for CSD were included. The diagnostic accuracy of CT and the concordance rate of the subtype classification of CSD were evaluated using surgical findings as the reference standard.