Changes in body composition during acute exposure to high altitude is related to acute mountain sickness.

Background: Acute hypoxia exposure leads to a high incidence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and changes in body composition, while the relationship between body composition and AMS remains unclear. We designed this study to detect the body composition and discern its relationship with AMS.

Methods: Eighty-one subjects were transported from the plain (300 m) to the plateau (3680 m).

Caffeine's Neuroprotective Effect on Memory Impairment: Suppression of Adenosine AA Receptor and Enhancement of Tyrosine Hydroxylase in Dopaminergic Neurons Under Hypobaric Hypoxia Conditions.

Aims: Chronic hypobaric hypoxia frequently results in memory deficits, with severe cases showing marked alterations in dopamine levels and its metabolites. This research explores caffeine's modulation of the adenosine AA receptor (AAR) and its regulatory effects on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), aiming to restore dopamine homeostasis and mitigate memory impairments associated with hypoxia. The goal is to identify novel preventive strategies against cognitive decline induced by hypoxia.

Recent advances in the oxidative activation of the C2-C3 π bond of indoles and its applications.

The oxidative C2-C3 π bond activation strategy is the most efficient tool to synthesize oxygen-containing indoline, which frequently appears in natural products with various biological activities as structural units. Recently, the oxidation-induced cascade strategy through oxygenation activation of the indolic C2-C3 π bond of indoles has received much attention for its use in efficiently establishing complex indoline with oxygen-containing molecular architectures, and holds tremendous potential in the total synthesis of indole alkaloids. It can be carried out using potential activated indole radical cations or imine cation intermediates produced oxidative C2-C3 π bond activation of indole with various nucleophiles or ring-forming reagents by employing simple and non-decorated indoles as starting substrates.

Integrating Anthropogenic-Pesticide Interactions Into a Soil Health-Microbial Index for Sustainable Agriculture at Global Scale.

Soil microbiota in intensive agriculture are threatened by pesticides, economic activities, and land-use changes. However, the interactions among these anthropogenic factors remain underexplored. By analyzing 2356 soil metagenomes from around the world, we developed a comprehensive soil health-microbial index that integrates microbial diversity, nutrient cycling potential, metabolic potential, primary productivity, and health risks to assess how the soil microbiota respond to anthropogenic factors.

Recent advances in oxidative dearomatization involving C-H bonds for constructing value-added oxindoles.

Exploring three-dimensional chemical space is an important research objective of organic synthetic chemistry. Oxidative dearomatization (ODA) is one of the most important and powerful tools for realizing this goal, because it changes and removes aromatic structures from aromatic compounds to increase levels of saturation and stereoisomerism by direct addition reactions between functional groups with aromatic cores under oxidative conditions. As a hot topic in indole chemistry, the synthetic value of the oxidative dearomatization of indoles has been well recognized and has witnessed rapid development recently, since it could provide convenient and unprecedented access to fabricate high-value-added three-dimensional oxindole skeletons, such as C-quaternary indolones, polycycloindolones and spiroindolones, and be widely applied to the total synthesis of these oxindole alkaloids.

Hypoxic preacclimatization combining intermittent hypoxia exposure with physical exercise significantly promotes the tolerance to acute hypoxia.

Both hypoxia exposure and physical exercise before ascending have been proved to promote high altitude acclimatization, whether the combination of these two methods can bring about a better effect remains uncertain. Therefore, we designed this study to evaluate the effect of hypoxic preacclimatization combining intermittent hypoxia exposure (IHE) and physical exercise on the tolerance to acute hypoxia and screen the optimal preacclimatization scheme among the lowlanders. A total of 120 Han Chinese young men were enrolled and randomly assigned into four groups, including the control group and three experimental groups with hypoxic preacclimatization of 5-day rest, 5-day exercise, and 3-day exercise in a hypobaric chamber, respectively.

Remote ischemic preconditioning improves spatial memory and sleep of young males during acute high-altitude exposure.

Objective: The high-altitude hypoxia environment will cause poor acclimatization in a portion of the population. Remote ischemic preconditioning（RIPC）has been demonstrated to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases under ischemic or hypoxic conditions. However, its role in improving acclimatization and preventing acute mountain sickness (AMS) at high altitude has been undetermined.

Diastereoselective Access to Triazolo[1,2-]indolines via a Bio-Inspired Oxidative Cyclization of NH-Indoles.

Establishing three-dimensional chemicals by using the C-C π bond of indoles has always been a research hotspot in organic synthesis; however, employing the oxidative C-C π bond of indoles to generate imine which would lead to the N-C π bond cyclization under metal-free conditions is still rare. Here, we report a bio-inspired synthesis of triazolo[1,2-]indolines by the oxidative cyclization between -indoles and azomethine imines with 3,3-dimethyldioxirane as the sole oxidant under metal-free and mild conditions. This finding represents an elegant instance of tri-functionalization of -indoles, which provides rapid access to a broad range of triazolo[1,2-]indolines with tetrahydroisoquinolines in one single step.

Remote ischemic preconditioning enhances aerobic performance by accelerating regional oxygenation and improving cardiac function during acute hypobaric hypoxia exposure.

Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) may improve exercise performance. However, the influence of RIPC on aerobic performance and underlying physiological mechanisms during hypobaric hypoxia (HH) exposure remains relatively uncertain. Here, we systematically evaluated the potential performance benefits and underlying mechanisms of RIPC during HH exposure.

Remote ischemic preconditioning improves cognitive control in healthy adults: Evidence from an event-related potential study.

It is suggested that remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) may be a promising treatment for improving healthy adults' cognitive control. However, direct empirical evidence was absent. Therefore, this study aims to provide evidence for the impact of RIPC on cognitive control.

Co-catalysis of trace dissolved Fe(iii) with biochar in hydrogen peroxide activation for enhanced oxidation of pollutants.

Activation of hydrogen peroxide (HO) with biochar is a sustainable and low-cost approach for advanced oxidation of organic pollutants, but faces the challenge of a low yield of hydroxyl radical (˙OH). Herein, we hypothesize that the activation efficiency of HO can be enhanced through co-catalysis of trace dissolved iron (Fe) with biochar. Two biochar samples derived from different feedstock, namely LB from liquor-making residue and WB from wood sawdust, were tested in the co-catalytic systems using trace Fe(iii) (0.

IL-6/STAT3 Induced Neuron Apoptosis in Hypoxia by Downregulating ATF6 Expression.

Neuron apoptosis, regulated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the hippocampus, is an essential factor influencing the cognitive impairment induced by hypobaric hypoxia. Hypoxia mainly changes the activating transcription factor (ATF6) pathway of ER stress. However, the role of ATF6 in neuron survival, apoptosis, and upstream regulation is still controversial.

The Role of Salivary miR-134-3p and miR-15b-5p as Potential Non-invasive Predictors for Not Developing Acute Mountain Sickness.

Background: Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a crucial public health problem for high altitude travelers. Discriminating individuals who are not developing (AMS resistance, AMS-) from developing AMS (AMS susceptibility, AMS+) at baseline would be vital for disease prevention. Salivary microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising non-invasive biomarkers for various diseases.

Effects of surfactants on the removal of nitrobenzene by Fe(II) sorbed on goethite.

Surfactants are easily accumulated in groundwater, sediment, and aquifers, due to their excessive use in household, industrial, and agricultural processes. These residual surfactants are expected to influence the transformation and fate of organic contaminants by Fe(II) sorbed on iron oxides in anaerobic environments. Here, we investigated the effects of various surfactants including nonionic TX-100, anionic SDBS and bio-surfactant saponin on the removal of nitrobenzene (NB) by Fe(II) sorbed on goethite (goethite/Fe(II)) through batch experiments.

Effect of surfactants on the removal of nitrobenzene by Fe-bearing montmorillonite/Fe(II).

Nonionic and anionic surfactants often occur in anaerobic environments, but their roles in the removal of organic contaminants by Fe-bearing mineral/Fe(II) have not been determined. In this study, batch experiments were performed to investigate the effects of a nonionic surfactant (TX-100) and an anionic surfactant (SDBS) on the removal of nitrobenzene (NB) by Fe-bearing montmorillonite (FM)/Fe(II). Mössbauer spectrum and XPS were applied to analyze the edge surface bound Fe(II) and secondary minerals formed on FM.

Influence of Al-oxide on pesticide sorption to woody biochars with different surface areas.

Biochars' properties will change after application in soil due to the interactions with soil constituents, which would then impact the performance of biochars as soil amendment. For a better understanding on these interactions, two woody biochars of different surface areas (SA) were physically treated with aluminum oxide (Al-oxide) to investigate its potential influence on biochars' sorption property. Both the micropore area and mesopore (17∼500 Å in diameter) area of the low-SA biochar were enhanced by at least 1.

The roles of a pillared bentonite on enhancing Se(VI) removal by ZVI and the influence of co-existing solutes in groundwater.

The zero-valent iron permeable reactive barrier (ZVI-PRB) is a promising technology for in-situ groundwater remediation. However, its long-term performance often declined due to the blocked reactive sites by corrosion products and by interference of co-existing solutes. In order to address these issues, a pillared bentonite (Al-bent) was homogeneously mixed with ZVI for removing selenate (Se(VI)) from simulated groundwater in column experiments.

Role of Alumina and Montmorillonite in Changing the Sorption of Herbicides to Biochars.

The influence of biochars on the fate of herbicides in soil depends mostly on environmental factors among which the role of soil minerals is not clear. Two wood-derived biochars produced at 400 °C (BC400) and 600 °C (BC600) were treated with alumina and montmorillonite to investigate their interaction with biochars and the influence of herbicide sorption. Both minerals exhibited a pore-expanding effect that was likely relative to the removal of authigenic organic matter away from the biochars' surface.

Colloidal diatomite, radionickel, and humic substance interaction: a combined batch, XPS, and EXAFS investigation.

This work determined the influence of humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) on the interaction mechanism and microstructure of Ni(II) onto diatomite by using batch experiments, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) methods. Macroscopic and spectroscopic experiments have been combined to see the evolution of the interaction mechanism and microstructure of Ni(II) in the presence of HA/FA as compared with that in the absence of HA/FA. The results indicated that the interaction of Ni(II) with diatomite presents the expected solution pH edge at 7.

Characterization of diatomite and its application for the retention of radiocobalt: role of environmental parameters.

Clay minerals have been extensively studied because of their strong sorption and complexation ability. In this work, diatomite was characterized by using acid-base titration. Retention of radionuclide (60)Co(II) from aqueous solution by sorption onto diatomite was investigated by using batch technique under various environmental conditions such as pH, ionic strength, humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), and temperature.

Novel biosynthesis of (R)-ethyl-3-hydroxyglutarate with (R)-enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic ethyl 4-cyano-3-hydroxybutyate by Rhodococcus erythropolis.

(R)-ethyl-3-hydroxyglutarate with highly optical purity (> or = 99%) can be used as a novel precursor for synthesis of chiral side chain of rosuvastatin. In this study, a novel synthesis route of (R)-ethyl-3-hydroxyglutarate by whole microorganism cells from racemic ethyl 4-cyano-3-hydroxybutyate was created. A strain ZJB-0910 capable of transforming racemic beta-hydroxy aliphatic nitrile was isolated by employing a screening method based on a colorimetric reaction of Co(2+) ion with ammonia, and identified as Rhodococcus erythropolis based on its morphology, physiological tests, Biolog, and the 16S rDNA sequence.

Controlled release of herbicide acetochlor from clay/carboxylmethylcellulose gel formulations.

Controlled-release formulations of the herbicide acetochlor were prepared by using carboxylmethylcellulose (CMC) gel and different types of clay, which were obtained by acid activation, pillared with metal hydroxides, or saturated with organic cations. The effect of formulation parameters (amount and type of clay used, cross-linking time, and drying of the hydrogel formulations) on the acetochlor release rate from different formulations was evaluated by water-release studies. The time taken for 50% of acetochlor to be released, t 50, showed a wide variation (151-522 h) for dried gel formulations, the largest value corresponding to the formulation incorporating aluminum hydroxide pillared clay into CMC gels.