Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers and Subjective Cognitive Decline Among Hispanic and/or Latino Adults.

Importance: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may be an early indicator of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD), yet its association with plasma biomarkers remains unclear among middle-aged and older adults (aged 50-86 years).

Objective: To examine associations between plasma biomarkers of amyloid, tau, neuroaxonal damage, and glial activation with SCD in a heterogeneous cohort of Hispanic and/or Latino adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used survey-weighted data from the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging, an ancillary study of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Associations between depressive symptoms and subjective cognitive decline among diverse hispanics/latinos: Results from the study of Latinos-investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA).

Introduction: Depressive symptoms and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are commonly reported prior to cognitive impairment. We examined associations between depressive symptoms and SCD among diverse Hispanic/Latino adults to better understand how depressive symptoms should be considered when interpreting SCD.

Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from Hispanic/Latino adults [n = 6189; Age: M= 63.

Pupillometry in the Emergency Department: A Tool for Predicting Patient Disposition.

Introduction: The ability to accurately assess and predict the disposition of comatose patients from within the emergency department (ED) remains a critical challenge. Traditional methods lack precision and consistency. Our goal was to evaluate the prognostic capability of the neurological pupil index (NPI) in predicting patient disposition from within the ED.

Association of epigenetic aging with plasma biomarkers of amyloid, tau, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation in Hispanic/Latino adults.

Background: Blood-based biomarkers hold significant promise for the early detection and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. Age-related changes in blood levels of AD biomarkers are well-documented but poorly understood. Epigenetic clocks are mathematical models based on DNA methylation patterns that reflect various aspects of the multidimensional aging process.

Kidney function is associated with plasma ATN biomarkers among Hispanics/Latinos: SOL-INCA and HCHS/SOL results.

Background: Plasma amyloid-tau-neurodegeneration (ATN) biomarker levels may be influenced by non-brain systems, such as kidney function, which could impact the interpretation of ATN biomarker results, particularly in groups like Hispanic/Latino individuals with higher rates of cardiometabolic health issues. Here, we examine the association between kidney function and plasma ATN markers among a diverse sample of Hispanic/Latino individuals living in the U.S.

Methylation risk score of C-reactive protein associates sleep health with related health outcomes.

C-reactive protein (CRP) reflects inflammation status and is linked to poor sleep, metabolic and cardiovascular health. Methylation (MRS) and polygenic risk scores (PRS) reflect long-term systemic inflammation, and genetically-determined CRP, respectively. To refine understanding of inflammation-linked sleep and health outcomes, we construct PRS-CRPs using GWAS summary statistics and a previously-developed MRS-CRP in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Isolation and Characterization of β-Phenylethylamine-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria from Dairy Products.

β-phenylethylamine (PEA) is a neuroactive trace amine synthesized by the enzymatic decarboxylation of phenylalanine. PEA is involved in the improvement of mood and attention. Functional foods enriched in this compound could, therefore, be of interest to the food industry.

Kidney function and cognitive aging and impairment among diverse Hispanic/Latino individuals: Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (HCHS/SOL).

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to examine associations between kidney disease and cognitive impairment among diverse middle-aged and older Hispanic/Latino individuals.

Methods: Between 2016 and 2018, the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA) enrolled diverse Hispanic/Latino individuals ages 50 years and older (n = 6377). Cognitive function, cognitive change, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were the primary outcomes.

Hospitalised children with COVID-19 display an aberrant intestinal microbiota and a shift in faecal compounds related with the metabolism of vitamins and lipids.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus and its rapid spread have made it a global health concern. The aim of this was to investigate the microbial and metabolic faecal profiles of paediatric patients hospitalised for COVID-19 to try to identify biomarkers of predisposition to severity. The study included 16 patients (aged 4-14 years old) from six different Spanish hospitals and 20 age-matched healthy controls.

Sleep Parameters of Breathing and Cognitive Function in a Diverse Hispanic/Latino Cohort.

Background: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is common and associated with worse cardiovascular and brain health. Hispanic/Latino individuals are at increased risk for SDB. OSA is the most studied SDB; it is characterized by apnea-hypopnea events and has been linked to adverse vascular health and cognitive sequelae.

Intergenerational upward educational mobility and cognitive performance: results from the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA).

Introduction: Upward educational attainment is associated with better cognitive function; differences by Hispanic/Latino heritage are unclear.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and its ancillary study SOL-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA; n = 3300) to compare cognitive function and 7-year cognitive change between first-generation and multigenerational high school (HS) graduates (i.e.

Development and Validation of the Bronchoscope Quality Questionnaire for Assessing Bronchoscopists' Perception of Single-Use Flexible Bronchoscope Quality.

Introduction: The risk of cross-infections (including SARS-CoV-2) and damage to the flexible bronchoscope has led to the development of single-use flexible bronchoscopes as a cost-effective alternative. It is necessary for the bronchoscopist to evaluate the perception of the quality of these devices to determine if their quality is satisfactory for the user. The objective of this study was the construction and validation of a Bronchoscope Quality Questionnaire (BQQ) to evaluate the quality of the flexible bronchoscope perceived by the bronchoscopist.

Longitudinal associations of epigenetic aging with cognitive aging in Hispanic/Latino adults from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Due to the paucity of longitudinal DNA methylation data (DNAm), especially among Hispanic/Latino adults, the association between changes in epigenetic clocks over time and cognitive aging phenotypes has not been investigated. This longitudinal study included 2671 Hispanic/Latino adults (57 years; 66% women) with blood DNAm data and neurocognitive function assessed at two visits approximately 7 years apart. We evaluated the associations of 5 epigenetic clocks and their between-visit change with multiple measures of cognitive aging that included a global cognitive function score at each visit, between-visit change in global cognitive function score, MCI diagnosis, and presence of significant cognitive decline at visit 2 (V2).

Association of Lp(a) With Stroke and Cerebral Injury on MRI: Insights From the HCHS/SOL (Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos) and Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging MRI (SOL-INCA MRI).

Background: Lp(a) (lipoprotein[a]) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease; however, its association with cerebrovascular disease is not as well established.

Methods: Data from a population-based cohort of Hispanics/Latinos included 16 333 individuals with baseline Lp(a) levels (nmol/L) and self-reported prevalent stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). A subset of 2642 individuals with brain magnetic resonance imaging was also included.

ON-OFF neuromorphic ISING machines using Fowler-Nordheim annealers.

We introduce NeuroSA, a neuromorphic architecture specifically designed to ensure asymptotic convergence to the ground state of an Ising problem using a Fowler-Nordheim quantum mechanical tunneling based threshold-annealing process. The core component of NeuroSA consists of a pair of asynchronous ON-OFF neurons, which effectively map classical simulated annealing dynamics onto a network of integrate-and-fire neurons. The threshold of each ON-OFF neuron pair is adaptively adjusted by an FN annealer and the resulting spiking dynamics replicates the optimal escape mechanism and convergence of SA, particularly at low-temperatures.

Association of Cardiovascular Health With Brain Volume and White Matter Integrity: Results of the SOL-INCA MRI Study.

Background And Objectives: Better cardiovascular health (CVH), measured using the Life's Simple 7 (LS7) score, is associated with improved cognitive function. However, its effect on brain imaging in Hispanics/Latinos has not been reported. We investigated the association of LS7 score with brain MRI outcomes in a diverse Hispanic/Latino population.

Multimodal Associations of Modifiable Risk Factors on White Matter Injury: The SOL-INCA-MRI Study (HCHS/SOL).

Background: Modifiable risk factors play a central role in the development and course of neurodegenerative disorders of later life, including dementias. Although past research has focused on independent associations of modifiable risk factors, including cardiovascular disease risk factors using Framingham cardiovascular risk score, physical activity, dietary quality, body mass index, and sleep, on neurodegeneration, the impact of all 5 factors simultaneously in a multimodal model has not been studied. We examined independent associations and an overall combined model with 5 modifiable risk factors with white matter injury, a recognized risk factor for dementia, ≈10 years later in a diverse Hispanic/Latino population.

Associations between anxious-depression and cognitive change and mild cognitive impairment: HCHS/SOL Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging.

Objectives: This study examined the associations between anxious-depression symptoms with cognitive change and prevalent mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in middle-aged and older Hispanics/Latinos.

Methods: Participants were enrolled in the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA) and the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Anxiety and depression were measured at Visit 1 using the 10-item Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, with latent class analysis applied to derive anxious-depression phenotypes based on items from both scales.

The neurobench framework for benchmarking neuromorphic computing algorithms and systems.

Neuromorphic computing shows promise for advancing computing efficiency and capabilities of AI applications using brain-inspired principles. However, the neuromorphic research field currently lacks standardized benchmarks, making it difficult to accurately measure technological advancements, compare performance with conventional methods, and identify promising future research directions. This article presents NeuroBench, a benchmark framework for neuromorphic algorithms and systems, which is collaboratively designed from an open community of researchers across industry and academia.

Offspring education and cognitive health: A comparison between Hispanic and White older adults in the United States.

Introduction: We compared the relationship between offspring education and cognitive health outcomes among Hispanic and White adults.

Methods: We used data from Hispanic and White (1998-2018) United States (US) Health and Retirement Study (HRS) participants (n = 17,484). We assessed cognitive function and decline using episodic memory scores in linear mixed models and incident cognitive impairment with no dementia (CIND) or probable dementia using the Langa-Weir 27-point-scale in Cox proportional hazards models.

Influence of Birthplace and Age at Migration on Cognitive Aging Among Hispanic/Latino Populations in the United States: Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging.

Background And Objectives: Although Hispanic/Latino populations in the United States are remarkably diverse in terms of birthplace and age at migration, we poorly understand how these factors are associated with cognitive aging. Our research seeks to operationalize a life course perspective of migration and health and contribute new understanding of Alzheimer's disease/Alzheimer's disease-related dementias among U.S.

Neuromorphic computing at scale.

Neuromorphic computing is a brain-inspired approach to hardware and algorithm design that efficiently realizes artificial neural networks. Neuromorphic designers apply the principles of biointelligence discovered by neuroscientists to design efficient computational systems, often for applications with size, weight and power constraints. With this research field at a critical juncture, it is crucial to chart the course for the development of future large-scale neuromorphic systems.

Life-Course Multidisciplinary Psychosocial Predictors of Dementia Among Older Adults: Results From the Health and Retirement Study.

Background And Objectives: Identifying predictors of dementia may help improve risk assessments, increase awareness for risk reduction, and identify potential targets for interventions. We use a life-course psychosocial multidisciplinary modeling framework to examine leading predictors of dementia incidence.

Research Design And Methods: We use data from the Health and Retirement Study to measure 57 psychosocial factors across 7 different domains: (i) demographics, (ii) childhood experiences, (iii) socioeconomic conditions, (iv) health behaviors, (v) social connections, (vi) psychological characteristics, and (vii) adverse adulthood experiences.