Generative artificial intelligence for automated data extraction from unstructured medical text.

Objectives: Unstructured data, such as procedure notes, contain valuable medical information that is frequently underutilized due to the labor-intensive nature of data extraction. This study aims to develop a generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) pipeline using an open-source Large Language Model (LLM) with built-in guardrails and a retry mechanism to extract data from unstructured right heart catheterization (RHC) notes while minimizing errors, including hallucinations.

Materials And Methods: A total of 220 RHC notes were randomly selected for pipeline development and 200 for validation from the Pulmonary Vascular Disease Registry.

Elevated Lipoprotein(a) Levels and Massive Ruptured Root and Ascending Aortic Aneurysm.

Background: Rupture of a root and ascending aortic aneurysm is a rare, life-threatening condition requiring prompt recognition and surgical intervention. Elevated lipoprotein(a) levels have been implicated in vascular pathology but are less studied in thoracic aneurysms.

Case Summary: A 61-year-old man who presented with severe dyspnea and chest tightness was found to have a 7.

Efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol in combination with linaclotide versus polyethylene glycol alone for colonoscopy: a grade-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background/aims: The effectiveness of colonoscopy largely depends on the quality of bowel preparation. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is commonly used but has certain limitations. This review evaluates whether combining PEG with linaclotide improves preparation efficacy and safety compared with PEG alone.

Cardiomyocyte regeneration therapy and its effect on LVEF and scar size- a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) results in loss of cardiomyocytes leading to heart failure. Despite advancements in pharmacotherapy and interventions such as revascularization, ischemic heart failure remains a challenge. Recent advancements in stem cell therapies, genetic engineering and bioengineering have shown to improve cardiac function and quality of life.

Vascular regenerative deficiencies in people with elevated lipoprotein(a): the Lp(a)-VRCE CardioLink-16 translational study.

Aims: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD); however, the relationship between Lp(a) and the capacity for vascular repair remains unclear. Depletion of vascular regenerative (VR) progenitor cells has been shown to be a novel indicator of compromised vascular repair in people living with cardiometabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine if elevated levels of Lp(a) modify VR cell content properties.

Correction: Mahnashi et al. In-Vitro, In-Vivo, Molecular Docking and ADMET Studies of 2-Substituted 3,7-Dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one for Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Alzheimer's Disease. 2022, , 1055.

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Reduced-Dose Versus Full-Dose Direct Oral Anticoagulants in the Extended Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: The optimal dosing strategy for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in extended treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains debated, particularly in balancing efficacy and bleeding risk.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to compare reduced-dose versus full-dose DOACs for extended VTE treatment. Databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to March 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving adult patients treated with different DOAC doses for VTE.

A review of landfill odors assessment: Advancing from stationary measurement to spatiotemporal monitoring.

Odor issues from landfills remain a persistent environmental challenge, exacerbated by the increasing urbanization and the decreasing proximity of residential areas to waste disposal sites. Conventional odor measurement methods (e.g.

Enhancing knowledge of hypertension among general practitioners in Pakistan through a Train-The-Trainer initiative.

Background: Hypertension (HTN) affects over a billion people worldwide, with most cases in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where awareness and control remain low. In Pakistan, general practitioners (GPs) are usually the initial contact for hypertensive patients. Through the Train the Trainer (TTT) initiative, a group of consultant cardiologists were trained as master trainers to conduct training for GPs across Pakistan.

Sarcopenia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: mechanisms, diagnosis, and management strategies.

Sarcopenia affects 20%-40% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, significantly reducing muscle strength and functional capacity, leading to a decline in quality of life. This study reviews the impact of sarcopenia in COPD and evaluates effective therapeutic strategies. Findings suggest that pulmonary rehabilitation, combined with aerobic and resistance exercises, and supplemented with protein and vitamin D, enhances muscle function and reduces the prevalence of sarcopenia.

Associations between obstructive sleep apnea and comorbidities in a large clinical biobank.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with a wide range of comorbidities, but large-scale phenome-wide analyses in clinical biobanks remain under-reported. In this study, we identified common comorbidities enriched in patients with OSA, tested the temporality of these associations, and analyzed relevant associations with summary sleep recording data.

Methods: 48,251 participants with OSA in the Mass General Brigham healthcare system were identified using a natural language processing phenotyping algorithm and/or evidence of an elevated apnea-hypopnea index (AHI).

Trends in Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Mental Disorders-Related Mortality (1999-2023): A CDC WONDER Database Analysis.

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has a strong bidirectional relationship with mental disorders, collectively increasing the risk of mortality. We aim to analyze the mortality trends related to DM and associated mental disorders while exploring demographic and regional disparities in the United States from 1999 to 2023.

Methods: Death records were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database from 1999 to 2023.

Feasibility of Obtaining Pulse Oximetry Readings From the Oropharynx.

Background: As access to monitoring sites on the hands and feet may be limited due to surgical procedures, burns, trauma, or injuries, alternative sites for the measurement of pulse oximetry may be needed.

Aims: The current study assesses the feasibility of obtaining pulse oximetry measurements from the oropharynx, using a pulse oximeter probe attached to a standard oral airway.

Methods: Two cohorts were studied, each including 50 patients, with the oximeter facing toward the palate (cohort 1) or the tongue (cohort 2).

Impact of Precision-Guided Dosing on Clinical Decision-Making and Health Care Utilization in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Pretest/Posttest Real-World Study.

Background: Precision-guided dosing (PGD) is a personalized tool that optimizes clinical decision-making in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with infliximab (IFX) and its biosimilars. PGD employs nonlinear mixed-effect models using patient-specific pharmacokinetic parameters to predict infliximab trough concentrations without the need to wait until the actual trough measurement. This approach calculates patient-specific clearance (CL) and provides tailored IFX dosing and administration intervals aimed at achieving target trough levels.

Beneficial effects of Alterion supplementation on growth metrics, intestinal histomorphology, and microbial communities in indigenous and commercial chicken breeds.

This study evaluated the effects of Alterion supplementation on growth rate, feed conversion ratio, intestine morphology, carcass quality, and blood indices in both commercial and local chicken breeds. Two chicken breeds (Local Omani and Cobb 430 broilers) and two dietary treatments (Control and 0.05% Alterion) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design.

Emergency Department Vital Sign Variability Is Associated with Hematoma Progression in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

: Spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhage (sIPH) accounts for a significant proportion of strokes and is associated with an estimated 30-day mortality between 35 and 52%. Subsequent hematoma progression (HP) occurs in up to 30% of patients and is associated with blood pressure variability, increasing poor outcomes. This study evaluates systolic blood pressure and heart rate variability in the emergency department (ED) and HP in the first 24 h of admission.

Type II Kounis syndrome triggered by iodinated contrast during coronary angioplasty: A case report and clinical insights.

Introduction And Importance: Kounis syndrome or "allergic angina" or "allergic myocardial infarction" is acute coronary syndrome that results from hypersensitivity reactions. It may also result from interventions involving the use of iodinated contrast media in patients with previous coronary artery disease. Early treatment and diagnosis prevent severe cardiovascular implications.

Prevalence and associated factors of adherence to antihypertensive medication: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Background: Hypertension is the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, contributing significantly to global morbidity and mortality. Despite advancements in antihypertensive therapies, adherence to medication remains alarmingly low, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. There is limited representative research in Pakistan on adherence rates and associated factors, necessitating a comprehensive investigation.

A novel triterpenoid saponin from Pimpinella candolleana alleviates postmenopausal osteoporosis via P38/JNK MAPK-mediated osteogenesis.

Bacground: Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) involves reduced bone mass and disrupted microarchitecture. Promoting osteoblast differentiation is a key therapeutic strategy. Pimpinella candolleana is a traditional Chinese herb used for bone-related disorders.