Nationwide Analysis of Failure to Rescue After Liver Transplantation.

Introduction: Failure to rescue (FTR) is mortality after a major complication. FTR may be an effective quality metric in liver transplantation (LT). However, there is a paucity of nationwide data on the rates and effects of FTR on outcomes.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease of the gallbladder and the biliary tree.

Background: Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare, immune-mediated fibroinflammatory disorder that can affect multiple organ systems, including the gallbladder and the biliary tree. This study aimed to characterize the clinical, imaging, and histopathologic features of IgG4-related biliary disease, including gallbladder involvement, and to review current medical and surgical management strategies.

Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted using PubMed and Embase databases for studies published between 2003 and 2025.

Conflict of Interest Statements and Disclosure Policies for Surgical and Medical Societies.

BackgroundDisclosing conflicts of interest helps maintain the integrity, independence, and objectivity of surgical and medical societies. This study analyzed the public accessibility of disclosure requirements for these societies and the differences between these requirements.Study DesignAn analysis of the publicly available webpages of surgical and medical societies in the United States was performed to identify conflict of interest disclosure policies.

Assessment of Differences in Colorectal Cancer Outcomes by Geographic Region for Black Patients in the United States.

Introduction: Black patients have the worst survival outcomes from colorectal cancer (CRC) in the US. In addition, disparities and differences in mortality outcomes among Black and NHW patients across the four US census regions (Northeast [NE], South, West, Midwest [MW]) remain unexplored. We hypothesized that survival outcomes for Black patients would differ across the US census regions and might correlate with socioeconomic factors.

Association Between Psychiatric Illness and Short-Term Outcomes Among Patients With Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer.

Introduction: The association between psychiatric illness (PI) and outcomes after hepatobiliary and pancreatic (HPB) surgery remains unknown. Our study aimed to assess the association between psychiatric diseases and outcomes after surgery for malignant HPB diseases.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of the 2016-2019 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) of patients undergoing HPB surgery.

Cystic echinococcosis of the liver.

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a widely endemic helminthic disease caused by infection with metacestodes (larval stage) of the Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm, which is transmitted by dogs and found on every continent, except Antarctica. This study aimed to review the life cycle, epidemiology, symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment of E granulosus infection of the liver.

Methods: A comprehensive review was conducted using MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science, which were accessed between 1990 and 2024.

Correlation Between Postoperative Complications and Number of Colorectal Liver Metastases Resected.

Introduction: This study aimed to describe the relationship between the number of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) resected and the rate of postoperative complications and to determine a threshold level, if any, for which the risk of postoperative complications outweighs the benefit of resection of metastatic disease.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2019 to 2021. Patients were divided into three major groups: one to two, three to four, and more than five CRLM.

A Survey on Disabilities and Disability Awareness in General Surgery Residents in the United States.

Introduction: Disabilities affect a substantial portion of the US population, with mental health conditions being predominant. Despite the acknowledged challenges, there is a lack of data on disability prevalence among general surgery residents. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of disabilities in general surgery residents to the national benchmark, investigate the factors that prevent surgery residents from disclosing their disabilities, and assess the presence of a disability policy in a residency program.

Current evidence on the diagnosis and management of spilled gallstones after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Background: Despite improvements in intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), spilled gallstones (SGs) after LC remain a significant yet often overlooked complication, occurring in 1% to 40% of cases. This review discusses the most recent updates regarding the risk factors, presentations, complications, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of SGs after LC.

Methods: A comprehensive systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science databases, with the range of search dates being between January 2015 and July 2024, regarding SG incidence, management, and complications.

See one, do one, teach one - Trends in resident autonomy and teaching assistant cases during general surgery residency in the United States: A nationwide retrospective analysis.

Introduction: Autonomy during residency is crucial to the training and development of competent surgeons. An essential component of this process is the 'teaching assistant (TA)' case, an indispensable opportunity for residents to gain confidence and hone intraoperative skills. However, high-quality data on the volume and diversity of cases that graduates perform are scarce.

Care Patterns and Outcomes for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma by Rurality of Patient Residence in a Midwestern State.

Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common malignancy of the liver and has the worst prognosis of any tumor arising from the liver, with a 5-year survival as low as 10%. However, whether the rurality of a patient's residence impacts care received and survival has not been well studied. We aimed to assess differences in care patterns associated with the rurality of patient's residences and their impact on survival outcomes, hypothesizing that patients in rural areas would experience lower survival.

Patterns of care and outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer based on rurality of patient's residence in a rural midwestern state.

Background: Although advancements in surgical planning and multidisciplinary care have improved the survival of patients with hepatopancreatic cancers in recent years, the impact of the rurality of patient residence on care received and survival is not well known. We aimed to assess the association between the rurality of a patient's residence and cancer-specific survival outcomes among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pancreatic cancer (PC) in Iowa, hypothesizing that patients in rural areas would experience lower survival.

Methods: Adult patients diagnosed with HCC or PC between 2010 and 2020 were identified using the Iowa Cancer Registry.

Recent advancements in management for noncolorectal, nonneuroendocrine hepatic metastases.

Background: Owing to the heterogeneity of underlying primary tumors, noncolorectal, nonneuroendocrine metastases to the liver (NCNNMLs), although relatively rare, pose major challenges to treatment and long-term management. Despite being considered the gold standard for colorectal cancer liver metastases, the role of surgical resection for NCNNML remains controversial. Furthermore, advancements in locoregional treatment modalities, such as ablation and various chemotherapeutic modalities, have contributed to the treatment of patients with NCNNML.

Feeble, fallen, and forgetting: association of cognitive impairment and falls on outcomes of major intra-abdominal surgeries in older adults.

Background: Both cognitive impairment/dementia (CID) and falls occur more commonly in older adults than in younger patients. This study aimed to analyze the association of a history of CID or falls with the postoperative outcomes of older adults undergoing major intra-abdominal surgeries on a national level.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program 2022 Participant Use Data File.

Comparative outcomes of treatment modalities in nonagenarians with nonmetastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Background: There has been an increase in the elderly patient population seeking care for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study aimed to delineate the effectiveness of therapeutic options in nonagenarians (aged 90-99 years) diagnosed with resectable PDAC.

Methods: This study used the National Cancer Database to identify patients with nonmetastatic PDAC (stage I-III) from 2004 to 2021.

Comprehensive review of clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (rHCC) is a life-threatening complication that occurs in 3 % to 15 % of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review aimed to discuss the most recent updates in the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis as well as presentation, management, and prognostic factors of rHCC.

Methods: A comprehensive systematic review was conducted using Medline/PubMed and Web of Science databases with the end of search date being December 1, 2023 regarding rHCC diagnosis, imaging, and management.

The Association Between Low Preoperative Phosphate Levels and Postliver Surgery Outcomes-A Single Center Experience.

Introduction: Previous research has demonstrated the impact of postoperative phosphate levels on liver regeneration and outcomes after liver resection surgeries, a potential predictor for regenerative success and liver failure. However, little is known about the association between low preoperative serum phosphate levels and outcomes in liver resections.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of liver resections performed at our institution.

Liver transplant versus liver resection in patients with multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: The optimal surgical option in patients with multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma (MHCC) is an area of active research. The preference varies based on geographic variations and institutional policies. We sought to determine long-term outcomes in patients with MHCC based on surgical treatment-liver transplant (LT) vs resection (LR).

Extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi leading to relapsed urinary tract infection: A case report.

Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S Typhi) associated urinary tract infections are exceedingly rare, accounting for less than 1% of cases. Such infections have known to occur in immune-compromised or individuals with urogenital structural abnormalities. With the emergence of extensively drug resistant S Typhi strains in Pakistan, the management of its various unique presentations poses therapeutic challenges.

Hepatic adenoma: evolution of a more individualized treatment approach.

Background: Hepatic adenomas (HAs) are benign, solid liver lesions, which carry a risk of hemorrhage and malignant transformation. This review article highlights the advances in the diagnosis and management of HAs.

Methods: A comprehensive review was performed using MEDLINE/PubMed and Web of Science databases with a search period ending on September 30, 2023.

Liver resection is superior to tumor ablation in patients with multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma.

Introduction: The management of T2 multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma (MHCC) is controversial, and the comparative impact of liver resection (LR) versus tumor ablation (TA) on survival continues to be debated. The aim of our study was to examine short- and long-term survival for LR and TA in a nationally representative cohort. We hypothesized that patients who underwent LR would have improved survival.