Coordinated Variation of Whole-Plant Hydraulic Anatomical Traits in Quercus variabilis Seedlings Reflects Provenance-Specific Climate Adaptation.

Plant hydraulic performance relies on the coordinated functioning of stomatal, mesophyll, and xylem architecture. However, intraspecific evidence for such integration across climate gradients remains limited. We grew 1-year-old Quercus variabilis seedlings from 15 climatically contrasted provenances in a randomized common garden and quantified 19 anatomical traits across leaves, stems, and taproots.

NETs activate the GAS6-AXL-NLRP3 axis in macrophages to drive morphine tolerance.

Background: The development of morphine tolerance presents a major clinical challenge in the effective management of severe pain. This study aims to explore the mechanisms underlying morphine tolerance from a novel perspective, with the ultimate goal of uncovering new insights and identifying promising therapeutic targets for its treatment.

Methods: C57BL/6J mice were used in the tail-flick test to evaluate morphine tolerance.

EZH2-mediated suppression of TIMP1 in spinal GABAergic interneurons drives microglial activation via MMP-9-TLR2/4-NLRP3 signaling in neuropathic pain.

Effective management of neuropathic pain remains a significant challenge due to the limited understanding of its underlying mechanisms. We found that the FDA-approved enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitor, EPZ6438, can prevent the development of neuropathic pain caused by chronic constriction injury (CCI). Therefore, we utilized EPZ6438 as a probe to investigate the molecular events involved in the early stage of neuropathic pain.

Paeoniflorin alleviated STZ-induced diabetic retinopathy via regulation of the PDI/ADAM17/MerTK pathway.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe microvascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of vision impairment in diabetic patients. The accumulation of apoptotic cells and inflammation are key pathological mechanisms in DR. The Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK) receptor plays a critical role in maintaining retinal homeostasis.

Identification of chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization in via developing oligonucleotide probes.

Discrimination of chromosome is essential for chromosome manipulation or visual chromosome characterization. Oligonucleotide probes can be employed to simplify the procedures of chromosome identification in molecular cytogenetics due to its simplicity, fastness, cost-effectiveness, and high efficiency. So far, however, visual identification of cotton chromosomes remains unsolved.

The Role of IL-35 in the Pathophysiological Processes of Liver Disease.

It is known that liver diseases have several characteristics of massive lipid accumulation and lipid metabolic disorder, and are divided into liver inflammation, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients. Interleukin (IL)-35, a new-discovered cytokine, can protect the liver from the environmental attack by increasing the ratio of Tregs (T regulatory cells) which can increase the anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibit the proliferation of immune cellular. Interestingly, two opposite mechanisms (pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory) have connection with the ultimate formation of liver diseases, which suggest that IL-35 may play crucial function in the process of liver diseases through immunosuppressive regulation.