Publications by authors named "Gurinder Singh"
Different studies conducted on the effects of Parkinson's Disease (PD) on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) have presented contradictory outcomes, with the underlying domains of HRQoL requiring additional studies. Thus, the objective of this systematic review is to evaluate, by comparing and contrasting, the disease-specific HRQoL in PD. To attain the stated objective, a systematic review of various online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE, was conducted.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhotochemical splitting of water is a promising source of clean and sustainable energy. Perovskites are increasingly being used as photocatalysts. In this paper, we have presented nonadiabatic quantum dynamics simulations (NAMD) and simulation studies of photocatalytic splitting of water on the (111) and (001) surfaces of CsPbIBr.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, continuing to be a significant public health concern. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of staging and histopathology of EC on associated mortality. The study also aims to further investigate clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and survival outcomes in patients diagnosed with EC between 2010 and 2017.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study aimed to estimate the burden of enteric fever in Chandigarh, India, to inform vaccine policy decisions, focusing on incidence rates, antimicrobial susceptibility, and out-of-pocket expenses (OOPE) for affected individuals.
- Data was collected from May 2018 to March 2020 through a hybrid surveillance system, finding an incidence of enteric fever at 226.8 cases per 100,000 person-years and highlighting significant hospital costs related to the disease.
- Results showed high susceptibility of Salmonella to most antibiotics except for ciprofloxacin, with higher OOPE for patients hospitalized longer and those infected with S. Paratyphi compared to S. Typhi.
Article Synopsis
- Glioblastoma (GB) is a highly aggressive brain tumor in adults with complex genetics, making it difficult to treat effectively; current therapies are limited and often ineffective.
- This systematic review, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, analyzed studies from several databases to explore emerging treatments focused on glioblastoma stem cells and advanced drug delivery systems, culminating in 24 eligible peer-reviewed articles from an initial 755 found.
- While the review highlights promising new therapies, it points out limitations like potential language bias, variability among studies, and reliance on preclinical models, emphasizing the need for continuous research in this complex area.
Article Synopsis
- - Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a painful condition treated through various surgical methods, including microvascular decompression (MVD) and stereotactic radiosurgery such as Gamma Knife.
- - MVD offers substantial long-term relief but has varying recurrence rates, while GKRS provides good initial pain relief but may require repeat procedures over time.
- - The review stresses the need for personalized treatment plans and careful patient selection to improve outcomes, as each surgical option has its own risks and effectiveness depending on the patient's specific situation.
Article Synopsis
- - Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a heart condition caused by prolonged electrical repolarization, which can lead to serious arrhythmias, and is identified through an extended QT interval on an electrocardiogram (ECG).
- - Treatment typically involves beta-blockers for higher-risk patients, while lifestyle changes and regular monitoring apply to intermediate and low-risk patients; implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) may be necessary for those with severe cases.
- - Despite advancements in AI aiding diagnosis and management, significant gaps in understanding LQTS remain, indicating a need for further research on risk stratification and personalized treatment strategies.
Article Synopsis
- * AAS use can lead to serious health issues, including musculoskeletal injuries like tendon tears and disc herniations, yet many users continue to take them in excessive doses.
- * The case of a male bodybuilder with chronic AAS use who suffered a severe spinal injury is discussed to emphasize the risks of AAS abuse and review related biological and physical mechanisms.
Article Synopsis
- Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited heart condition that leads to abnormal heart rhythms and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death, primarily caused by mutations in the SCN5A gene.
- Diagnosis can be tricky due to its hidden ECG signs and symptoms that resemble other heart disorders, mostly affecting young, healthy males.
- Treatment mainly involves managing symptoms and preventing sudden death, primarily through implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), with recent advancements in catheter ablation and specific medications like quinidine showing promise despite challenges in long-term management and availability.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates the potential link between adenoidectomy (a surgical procedure to remove adenoid tissue) and the risk of developing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), specifically Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) among children, in the context of the role of gut-associated lymphoid tissue in immune modulation.
- - A pooled meta-analysis was conducted between multiple observational studies, and results showed a significant association between appendicectomy and CD, while there was a notable association between tonsillectomy and CD as well, but no significant link to UC from appendicectomy.
- - The findings suggest that while removing adenoid or tonsil tissue may be linked to an increased risk of CD
Article Synopsis
- - Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) typically affects the legs but can also occur in the upper limbs, especially in patients with specific risk factors like PICC lines, as seen in a reported case of a 22-year-old male with Crohn's disease.
- - The patient experienced swelling and discoloration at the site of a PICC line, and tests revealed anemia and confirmed DVT in several veins, which required careful management due to his gastrointestinal bleeding.
- - A cautious approach led to the initiation of a prophylactic anticoagulation treatment, which was increased to a therapeutic dose without complications, highlighting the need for tailored DVT treatment strategies considering the complexity of Crohn's disease.
Article Synopsis
- Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common leukemia in adults, with increasing cases worldwide and typically shows vague symptoms like pallor and fever.
- This case study focuses on a 25-year-old woman who presented with unusual symptoms—unilateral facial swelling, chest pain, and shortness of breath—leading to the discovery of a mass around the superior vena cava, indicating SVC syndrome.
- The diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma-associated AML was confirmed through biopsy, and treatment included surgery, chemotherapy, and managing complications, emphasizing the potential for unusual presentations of AML that complicate diagnosis and treatment.
Article Synopsis
- Recent research indicates that visfatin activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, which leads to podocyte injury, but the exact molecular mechanisms are still unclear.
- The study found that visfatin triggers the clustering of NADPH oxidase subunits in membrane rafts of podocytes, forming a redox signaling platform that is crucial for NLRP3 activation.
- Treatments that disrupt these membrane rafts or inhibit NADPH oxidase reduced the harmful effects of visfatin, suggesting that targeting these pathways could mitigate podocyte damage.
An Evaluation of Malaria Surveillance System in Punjab, India, 2020.
Indian J Community Med
May 2023
Article Synopsis
- India has a significant malaria burden, but Punjab is making progress towards elimination with low incidence rates; the study evaluated the effectiveness of its malaria surveillance system.
- The evaluation included interviews and data reviews in two districts to assess various system attributes, revealing strengths in flexibility and weaknesses in representativeness and stability.
- Recommendations for improvement include minimizing supplemental work for staff, ensuring private sector reporting, and providing ongoing training to enhance data quality and timeliness.
Article Synopsis
- AARS2 is a mitochondrial tRNA synthetase that plays a key role in charging tRNA-Ala with alanine and is linked to infantile cardiomyopathy when mutated.
- The study discovered that the protein PCBP1 interacts with the Aars2 transcript, affecting its alternative splicing and crucial for Aars2's expression, influencing heart development.
- Mice with cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Pcbp1 exhibited heart defects similar to human congenital heart issues, and both Pcbp1 and Aars2 mutations disrupted the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, highlighting their roles in metabolic disruptions leading to congenital heart defects.
Article Synopsis
- Conjunctival papilloma, often linked to human papillomavirus (HPV), typically appears in infants and can be benign but may turn malignant in adults, especially when on the limbal conjunctiva.
- A case involving an Afro-American adult male showed two growths on his eye, initially diagnosed as benign, but after two years they increased in size, leading to surgical excision and cryotherapy to manage the condition.
- Histopathology confirmed the growths were benign HPV-related papillomas, with no signs of recurrence noted during a brief follow-up, highlighting the rarity of such conditions in adults.
mt-Ty 5'tiRNA regulates skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation.
Cell Prolif
August 2023
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates how tRNA-derived fragments, specifically mt-Ty 5' tiRNAs, influence gene expression in skeletal muscle cell growth and development.
- - Techniques like Northern blotting, RT-PCR, and RNA-Seq were used to analyze the impact of altering mt-Ty 5' tiRNA levels on muscle cell proliferation and differentiation.
- - Findings revealed that lower levels of mt-Ty 5' tiRNAs hinder muscle cell growth and development, while increasing these fragments promotes healthier muscle cell function, suggesting their potential as new targets for treating muscle diseases.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of Janus zirconium halide monolayers using first-principles calculations, confirming their stability and predicting their electronic band structures.
- These monolayers exhibit band gaps between 1.51-1.96 eV, making them suitable for absorbing visible light, with charge carrier mobility estimated around ∼10 cm V s.
- Lattice thermal conductivities are also assessed, with values at 300 K showing ZrClF monolayer has notably high thermal conductivity due to favorable phonon interactions, indicating their potential for optoelectronic and photocatalytic uses.
Article Synopsis
- Resveratrol is an antioxidant with potential therapeutic benefits, but its effectiveness is limited by rapid metabolism and excretion after oral intake.
- Gene therapy presents a promising solution by enabling direct delivery of therapeutic genes, potentially improving treatment outcomes for genetic diseases.
- This review discusses how using gene delivery methods could enhance the effectiveness of resveratrol and provide new treatment options for serious illnesses.
Nervous System-Systemic Crosstalk in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: A Unique Dyshomeostasis Syndrome.
Front Neurosci
August 2021
Article Synopsis
- * The disruption of normal nervous system functions can interfere with how the body maintains balance and responds to the virus, resulting in unusual symptoms of COVID-19.
- * To address the long-term neurological issues and other health problems caused by the virus, new treatment strategies are needed, including reusing existing medications and exploring new drugs that target interactions between the virus and the host.
Article Synopsis
- The study explores the connection between gas exchange metrics and mortality in COVID-19 patients requiring mechanical ventilation over the first 5 days.
- It finds that survivors show improvement in certain respiratory scores, particularly the oxygenation index (OI), while nonsurvivors experience a decline.
- Key indicators such as age and changes in OI are significant predictors of mortality and are correlated with the number of ventilator-free days.
Article Synopsis
- Liver resection is the best treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but careful patient selection is crucial to avoid complications like postoperative liver failure.
- The LiMAx® test was used to assess liver function in 92 HCC patients, revealing higher liver function in those who underwent surgery compared to those who did not.
- Findings showed that LiMAx results help accurately identify patients who can safely have liver surgery, making it a valuable tool for selecting both cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of convalescent plasma (CP), remdesivir (RDV), and their combination in treating COVID-19 patients and their impact on clinical outcomes like mortality and hospital stays.
- Results indicated that RDV monotherapy slightly improved survival chances compared to CP or combination therapy, but overall significant differences in outcomes between treatments were limited.
- Key risk factors for higher mortality included age, initial SOFA score, and intubation status, while blood type was found to have no impact on clinical outcomes.