Simultaneous Boosting of Plant Growth and Immunity by Bacillus volatiles Through GLK-Mediated Enhancement of Chloroplast Functions.

Microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) offer significant benefits to plants, such as promoting growth and activating immune responses, positioning them as promising tools for crop productivity. However, the mechanisms driving mVOCs-mediated plant growth promotion (PGP) and immunity remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that VOCs produced by the rapeseed (Brassica napus)-derived endophyte Bacillus velezensis CanL-30 (BvVOCs) simultaneously stimulate PGP and immunity in both Arabidopsis thaliana and rapeseed under controlled and field conditions.

Density-Tolerant Rapeseed Increased Population Yield by Enhancing Post-Anthesis Nonstructural Carbohydrate Translocation Efficiency in Stem.

The stem nonstructural carbohydrate translocation efficiency could affect crop yield and lodging. However, the relationship between yield, lodging, and nonstructural carbohydrate transportation under high-density planting in rapeseed remains unclear. Therefore, field experiments with six varieties and two densities were conducted in 2020-2022 to investigate the effects of planting density on rapeseed yield, the limiting factors for yield increase under high-density planting, and the photosynthetic carbon metabolism characteristics of typical dense-tolerant materials.

The nonlinear drought response and its critical threshold of Stipa krylovii roshev. typical steppe phenology.

Drought is a significant climatic disturbance in grassland ecosystems, severely impacting the phenology and ecosystem functions of these systems. However, the mechanisms governing how the phenology of typical steppes in semi-arid regions responds to drought, as well as the associated critical thresholds, remain poorly understood. By utilizing ground-based phenological observations of Stipa krylovii Roshev.

[Application of multi-rotor UAV-borne flux observation system in carbon dioxide flux monitoring of reed wetland].

The accurate monitoring of ecosystem carbon flux is the key to scientific assessment of terrestrial carbon sequestration. There is a big challenge for the tower-based eddy covariance system to cover multiple ecosystem types in a region. We introduced a multi-rotor UAV-borne flux observation system, and evaluated its observational accuracy based on the comparison of carbon flux between the multi-rotor UAV-borne flux observation system and the tower-based eddy covariance system within an experiment conducted in the reed wetland of the Liaohe Delta from July 27 to 29, 2023.

Molecular Alchemy: Converting Stress into Resilience via Secondary Metabolites and Calcium Signaling in Rice.

Salt stress impairs plant growth by disrupting osmotic regulation, ion homeostasis, and oxidative stress management. Plants respond by activating defense mechanisms, including the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (SMs) such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and glucosinolates (GSLs). Calcium (Ca⁺) signaling is central to these responses, acting as an early stress signal.

Sulforaphane modulates Na/K homeostasis and hormonal balance in rice under salt stress by regulating OsHKT1 and OsHKT5 expression.

Salinity stress severely impacts agricultural productivity by inhibiting seed germination in rice. Finding plant-derived products that can improve germination under salinity stress offers an environment-friendly approach. This study investigates the protective role of exogenous sulforaphane (SFN) in enhancing rice seed germination under salinity stress.

Wind turbine blade damage detection based on acoustic signals.

In recent years, the size of wind turbine blades has increased, underscoring the critical importance of monitoring their structural health. This study explores the use of noise emitted during wind turbine operation for the assessment of blade structural integrity. During sound acquisition, the wind sound, pneumatic sound and mechanical sound are recorded together to form the wind turbine sound signal.

Soybean nodulation shapes the rhizosphere microbiome to increase rapeseed yield.

Introduction: Crop rotation, a crucial agricultural practice that enhances soil health and crop productivity, is widely used in agriculture worldwide. Soybeans play a crucial role in crop rotation owing to their nitrogen-fixing ability, which is facilitated by symbiotic bacteria in their root systems. The soybean-rapeseed rotation is an effective agricultural practice in the Yangtze River Basin of China.

Efficient Nitrate Formation in Fog Events Implicates Fog Interstitial Aerosols as Significant Drivers of Atmospheric Chemistry.

Clouds and fogs, consisting of tiny water droplets formed by the condensation of water in supersaturated air, are vital in atmospheric chemistry, as they facilitate multiphase reactions. While measuring high-altitude cloud is challenging, fog as ground-level clouds offer a unique opportunity for direct observation. In this study, we explored radiation fogs in the North China Plain using an advanced aerosol-fog sampling system to measure the chemical and physical properties of both inactivated interstitial aerosols and activated fog droplet residues.

Precipitation controls the time-lag and cumulative effects of hydrothermal factors on the end of the growing season in a semi-arid region of China.

Climate change has a substantial influence on the end of the growing season (EOS). The time-lag and cumulative effects are non-negligible phenomena when studying the interactions between climate and vegetation. However, quantification of the temporal effects of climatic factors on the EOS in the context of changing hydrothermal patterns remains scarce.

Biochar addition enhances remediation efficiency and rapeseed yield in copper-contaminated soil.

Introduction: Soil contamination with copper (Cu) threatens ecological security and human health. Rapeseed demonstrates potential in remediating copper-contaminated soil, and biochar-assisted phytoremediation is increasingly being employed to improve remediation efficiency. However, the combined application of them has not been thoroughly studied in terms of the synergistic effects and the mechanisms of their interaction.

Conversion of lipids into carbohydrates rescues energy insufficiency in rapeseed germination under waterlogging stress.

Waterlogging stress, particularly during seed germination, significantly affects plant growth and development. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying waterlogging stress responses during rapeseed germination remain unclear. In this study, two rapeseed cultivars, Xiangzayou518 (waterlogging-sensitive) and Dadi199 (waterlogging-tolerant), were used to explore the physiological mechanisms underlying rapeseed response to waterlogging stress during germination.

The 30 m vegetation maps from 1990 to 2020 in the Tibetan Plateau.

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is crucial for global climate change and China's ecological security. Given recent drastic changes in vegetation from climate change and human activities, long-term vegetation monitoring is urgently required. This study produced the vegetation maps of the TP from 1990 to 2020 every ten years using random forest classifier and Landsat imagery.

Spatiotemporal patterns of phenological metrics and their relationships with environmental drivers in grasslands.

Climate-induced changes in plant phenology and physiology are crucial in regulating terrestrial productivity and ecosystem functions. However, the spatiotemporal patterns of grassland phenology and its relationships with environmental factors remain unclear. We extracted phenological metrics from grasslands using the FLUXNET dataset (34 sites and 169 site-year).

Phenological characteristics of net ecosystem carbon exchange of steppe in Inner Mongolia, China and its remote sensing monitoring.

To accurately monitor the phenology of net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) in grasslands with remote sensing, we analyzed the variations in NEE and its phenology in the steppe and discussed the remote sensing vegetation index thresholds for NEE phenology, with the observational data from the Inner Mongolia Xilinhot National Climate Observatory's eddy covariance system and meteorological gradient observation system during 2018-2021, as well as Sentinel-2 satellite data from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021. Results showed that, from 2018 to 2021, NEE exhibited seasonal variations, with carbon sequestration occurring from April to October and carbon emission in other months, resulting in an overall carbon sink. The average Julian days for the start date (SCUP) and the end date (ECUP) of carbon uptake period were the 95 and 259 days, respectively, with an average carbon uptake period lasting 165 days.

Morpho-Physiochemical Indices and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Role of Glucosinolate and Erucic Acid in Response to Drought Stress during Seed Germination of Rapeseed.

The global expansion of rapeseed seed quality has been focused on maintaining glucosinolate (GSL) and erucic acid (EA) contents. However, the influence of seed GSL and EA contents on the germination process under drought stress remains poorly understood. Herein, 114 rapeseed accessions were divided into four groups based on GSL and EA contents to investigate their performance during seed imbibition under drought stress.

Phytoremediation of copper-contaminated soils by rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and underlying molecular mechanisms for copper absorption and sequestration.

High levels of copper released in the soil, mainly from anthropogenic activity, can be hazardous to plants, animals, and humans. The present research aimed to estimate the suitability and effectiveness of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) as a possible soil remediation option and to uncover underlying adaptive mechanisms A pot experiment was conducted to explore the effect of copper stress on agronomic and yield traits for 32 rapeseed genotypes.

Thresholds and extent of temperature effects on maize yield differ in different grain-filling stages.

Temperature is a vital environmental factor affecting grain filling and maize yield. The response of maize yield to temperature at different stages of grain filling, however, remains uncharacterized. This study used "Zhengdan 958" as the test material to analyze the high-temperature threshold and yield sensitivity of grain-filling in different periods without water stress by using the data from staging sowing experiments at agro-meteorological experimental stations in Hebi and Suzhou in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain from 2019 to 2022.

Metabolic Adaptations in Rapeseed: Hemin-Induced Resilience to NaCl Stress by Enhancing Growth, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Defense Ability.

This study aimed to investigate whether presoaking with hemin (5 μmol·L) could alleviate NaCl stress during rapeseed seedlings' growth and its role in the regulation of photosynthesis. In this experiment, 'HUAYOUZA 62 (HYZ 62)' and 'HUAYOUZA 158R (158R)' were used as materials for pot experiments to study the morphology, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant activity, and osmoregulatory factors of seedlings under different salt concentrations, as well as the regulatory effects of hemin-presoaked seeds. Our findings revealed that, compared the control, NaCl stress inhibited the growth of two rapeseed varieties, decreased the seedling emergence rate, and increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the electrolyte leakage rate (EL) and antioxidant enzyme activity.

Severe photochemical pollution formation associated with strong HONO emissions from dew and guttation evaporation.

The unknown daytime source of HONO has been extensively investigated due to unexplained atmospheric oxidation capacity and current modelling bias, especially during cold seasons. In this study, abrupt morning increases in atmospheric HONO at a rural site in the North China Plain (NCP) were observed almost on daily basis, which were closely linked to simultaneous rises in atmospheric water vapor content and NH concentrations. Dew and guttation water formation was frequently observed on wheat leaves, from which water samples were taken and chemically analyzed for the first time.

Regulatory effects of Hemin on prevention and rescue of salt stress in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) seedlings.

Background: Salt stress severely restricts rapeseed growth and productivity. Hemin can effectively alleviate salt stress in plants. However, the regulatory effect of Hemin on rapeseed in salt stress is unclear.