Germicidal UV Light and Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infection in Long-Term Care for Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Infectious outbreaks of respiratory viruses within long-term care facilities (LTCFs) for older adults are associated with high rates of hospitalization and death. Despite evidence that airborne transmission contributes substantially to the spread of respiratory viruses within residential care for older adults, this mode of transmission has been largely unaddressed by existing infection control practices.

Objective: To determine whether germicidal UV (GUV) appliances reduce acute respiratory infection (ARI) incidence in LTCFs.

Oropharyngeal detection of specific gut-derived Enterobacterales is associated with increased respiratory infection risk in older adults.

Respiratory tract infections (RTI) are a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in later life. RTI risk factors in older populations, including declining general health, altered airway physiology, and increased pharmaceutical exposures, also contribute to changes in the oropharyngeal (OP) microbiota. We sought to investigate whether such changes predict future incidence of RTI.

Direct assessment of airway microbiota in primary ciliary dyskinesia end-stage lung disease.

https://bit.ly/4eV5s0H.

Sputum quality affects assessment of airway microbiology in childhood asthma.

Background: The analysis of sputum is the principal basis for characterising lower airway microbiology in those with chronic respiratory conditions. For such analysis to be informative, samples that poorly reflect the lower airways must be identified and removed. Our cross-sectional study explored the relationship between the quality of sputum samples and their microbiological content.

Bifidobacteria support optimal infant vaccine responses.

Accumulating evidence indicates that antibiotic exposure may lead to impaired vaccine responses; however, the mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood. Here we prospectively followed 191 healthy, vaginally born, term infants from birth to 15 months, using a systems vaccinology approach to assess the effects of antibiotic exposure on immune responses to vaccination. Exposure to direct neonatal but not intrapartum antibiotics was associated with significantly lower antibody titres against various polysaccharides in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and the Haemophilus influenzae type b polyribosylribitol phosphate and diphtheria toxoid antigens in the combined 6-in-1 Infanrix Hexa vaccine at 7 months of age.

Severe Cognitive Decline in Long-term Care Is Related to Gut Microbiome Production of Metabolites Involved in Neurotransmission, Immunomodulation, and Autophagy.

Aging-associated cognitive decline affects more than half of those in long-term residential aged care. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiome-host interactions influence the effects of modifiable risk factors. We investigated the relationship between gut microbiome characteristics and severity of cognitive impairment (CI) in 159 residents of long-term aged care.

Individuals with Cognitive Impairment Entering Long-Term Care: Characteristics and Cumulative Incidence of Dementia after Care Entry.

Objectives: To characterize individuals entering long-term care facilities (LTCFs) with evidence of cognitive impairment and without a diagnosis of dementia, and to ascertain the cumulative incidence of dementia after care entry.

Design: Retrospective cohort study using the Registry of Senior Australians (ROSA) National Historical Cohort.

Setting And Participants: Individuals aged 65 to 105 years who entered LTCFs between 2009 and 2018, received a cognitive evaluation, and had no recorded dementia diagnosis at the time of care entry.

Infection by Clonally Related Isolates: The Role of Drinking Water.

(MABS) group bacteria cause lethal infections in people with chronic lung diseases. Transmission mechanisms remain poorly understood; the detection of dominant circulating clones (DCCs) has suggested the potential for person-to-person transmission. This study aimed to determine the role of drinking water in the transmission of MABS.

Oropharyngeal Staphylococcus aureus is linked to higher mortality in long-term aged care residents.

Background: Biological ageing, healthcare interactions, and pharmaceutical and environmental exposures in later life alter the characteristics of the oropharyngeal (OP) microbiome. These changes, including an increased susceptibility to colonisation by pathobiont species, have been linked with diverse health outcomes.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between OP microbiome characteristics and all-cause mortality in long-term aged care residents.

Steatotic Liver Disease in Younger Adults is Associated With Altered Gut Microbiology.

Background And Aims: Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. As SLD pathogenesis has been linked to gut microbiome alterations, we aimed to identify SLD-associated gut microbiome features early in SLD development by utilising a highly characterised cohort of community-dwelling younger adults.

Methods And Results: At age 27 years, 588 participants of the Raine Study Generation 2 underwent cross-sectional assessment.

Acute urinary tract infection elicits bladder afferent hypersensitivity.

•We explored the neurophysiology underlying painful bladder sensations during UTI.•UTI induces significant bladder afferent hypersensitivity during distension.•Low-threshold afferents elicit exaggerated responses at normal bladder pressures.