Exploring the role of diet quality and adiposity in the pain experience: a mediation analysis.

Purpose: Improving diet quality may lower chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) directly or through weight loss. This study examined whether a dietary intervention for weight-loss improved diet quality and CMP in adults with elevated adiposity. It also investigated whether adiposity mediated a relationship between diet quality and pain.

Exploring circadian and meal timing impacts on cortisol during simulated night shifts.

Study Objectives: Cortisol regulates various physiological systems and exhibits a circadian rhythm influenced by sleep-wake and light-dark cycles. The cumulative effects of consecutive night shifts and nighttime eating on cortisol dynamics are not well understood. This sub-study of a larger randomised controlled trial aimed to explore these relationships.

Intermittent fasting for weight loss in night shift workers: a three-arm, superiority randomised clinical trial.

Background: Weight gain and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes are recognised consequences of night shift work. We tested the effectiveness of two modified intermittent fasting (IF) strategies compared with continuous energy restriction (CER) on weight loss and improvements in insulin resistance in night shift workers.

Methods: A parallel group, three-arm randomised superiority clinical trial (Melbourne and Adelaide) recruited night shift workers (aged ≥ 25 and ≤ 65 years) with overweight/obesity.

Impact of dietary cholesterol from eggs and saturated fat on LDL cholesterol levels: a randomized cross-over study.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death. Although dietary cholesterol from eggs has been a focus of dietary guidelines, recent evidence suggests that saturated fat has a greater impact on LDL cholesterol.

Objectives: This study examined the independent effects of dietary cholesterol and saturated fat on LDL concentrations.

Polyphenol-Rich Snack Consumption during Endurance Exercise Training Improves Nitric Oxide Bioavailability but does not Improve Exercise Performance in Male Cyclists: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Background: Antioxidants and nitric oxide (NO) precursors may improve endurance exercise performance by reducing oxidative stress and increasing NO production. Almonds, dried grapes, and cranberries (AGC) are good sources of antioxidants and NO precursors.

Objectives: To determine whether AGC consumption improved physiological responses and endurance cycling time-trial performance in response to training.

Does Medication Status Impact the Effectiveness of Nuts in Altering Blood Pressure and Lipids? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Context: Nut consumption is attributed to improvements in risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), including high blood pressure (BP) and dyslipidemia. However, it is unclear whether these effects are altered with concurrent treatment with BP and lipid-lowering medication.

Objective: We sought to investigate the effects of the consumption of whole tree nuts and peanuts (collectively termed nuts) on BP and lipids, and whether BP and lipid-lowering medication use alters these effects.

Chronotype, temporal patterns of eating and diet composition on work and work-free days.

Temporal patterns of eating and diet composition are influenced by factors including circadian preference (chronotype) and work schedule, yet their combined influence is unknown. We investigated relationships between chronotype, temporal eating patterns (duration of eating window (DEW), time of first (FEO) and last (LEO) eating occasions), and diet composition on workdays (WD) and work-free days (FD). Non-shift workers ( = 39) completed the Chrononutrition Questionnaire (CNQ) (age: 38.

Nut consumption and disability-free survival in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study.

Objectives: The relationship between nut intake and disability-free survival (healthy lifespan) in later life is unclear. The objective was to evaluate the association between nut intake and disability-free survival in a cohort of adults aged ≥70 years, and whether this varied according to overall diet quality.

Methods: This prospective cohort study involved 9916 participants from the ASPREE Longitudinal Study of Older Persons.

Fasting as an intervention to alter the impact of simulated night-shift work on glucose metabolism in healthy adults: a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Aims/hypothesis: Night-shift work causes circadian misalignment and impairs glucose metabolism. We hypothesise that food intake during night shifts may contribute to this phenomenon.

Methods: This open-label, multi-arm, single-site, parallel-group controlled trial involved a 6 day stay at the University of South Australia's sleep laboratory (Adelaide, SA, Australia).

The effects of fasting compared to eating a meal or snack during simulated night shift on changes in metabolism associated with circadian misalignment: a protocol and methods paper.

Study Objectives: This protocol paper outlines the methods that will be used to examine the impact of altering meal timing on metabolism, cognitive performance, and mood during the simulated night shift.

Methods: Participants (male and female) will be recruited according to an a priori selected sample size to complete a 7-day within and between participant's laboratory protocol. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the three conditions: meal at night or snack at night or no meal at night.

Construct validity and test-retest reliability of a chrononutrition questionnaire for shift work and non-shift work populations.

The irregular eating patterns of both shift workers and evening chronotypes adversely affect cardiometabolic health. A tool that conveniently captures temporal patterns of eating alongside an indicator of circadian rhythm such as chronotype will enable researchers to explore relationships with diverse health outcome measures. We aimed to investigate the test-retest reliability and convergent validity of a Chrononutrition Questionnaire (CNQ) that captures temporal patterns of eating and chronotype in the general population (non-shift workers, university students, retirees, unemployed individuals) and shift work population.

The Effect of Commencing Rotating Shift Work on Diet and Body Composition Changes in Graduate Paramedics: A Longitudinal Mixed Methods Study.

Diet quality often changes as shift workers adjust to atypical work schedules, however, limited research exists examining the early effects of starting rotating shift work on diet and body composition. This study explored dietary behavior changes occurring in graduate paramedics during the first year of exposure to rotating shift work, and investigated dietary intake, diet quality and anthropometric changes over two years. Participants from a graduate paramedic cohort in Melbourne, Australia were approached after two years of shift work for study inclusion.

"Mars Bar and a Tin of Red Bull Kept Me and My Patients Alive": Exploring Barriers to Healthy Eating through Facebook Comments of Shiftworkers.

The negative impact of an unhealthy diet on the shiftworker population has been well-documented. However, little evidence exists on the underlying reasons for unhealthy eating behaviours and the existing barriers to healthy eating withinshiftwork environments. This qualitative study investigated the dietary behaviours reported by shiftworkers through Facebook comments.

Dietary Patterns under the Influence of Rotational Shift Work Schedules: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Workers employed in rotating shift schedules are at a higher metabolic risk compared with those in regular day and fixed shift schedules; however, the contribution of diet is unclear. This systematic review aimed to investigate how rotating shift work schedules affect dietary energy intake and dietary patterns compared with regular day and fixed shift schedules. In addition, intraperson energy intake and dietary pattern comparisons within rotating shift schedules were investigated.

The Impact of Meal Timing on Risk of Weight Gain and Development of Obesity: a Review of the Current Evidence and Opportunities for Dietary Intervention.

Purpose Of Review: The aim of this short review is to provide an updated commentary on the current literature examining the impact of meal timing on obesity and weight gain in adults. The potential mechanisms, including novel and emerging factors, behind timing of food intake across the 24-h period in the development of obesity, and dietary strategies manipulating meal timing to ameliorate weight gain are also explored.

Recent Findings: Dietary patterns that feature meal timing outside of the regular daytime hours can contribute to circadian disruption as food is metabolised in opposition to internal daily rhythms and can feedback on the timekeeping mechanisms setting these rhythms.