Mesenchymal stem cells injections in traumatology and orthopaedics: common practice or still a promising area with many uncertainties?

Purpose: To assess research directions of the Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) injections in traumatology and orthopaedics.

Methods: The study monitored the protocols of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews (SRs) investigating mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) injections for various traumatological and orthopaedic conditions. Relevant RCT protocols were identified through searches of ClinicalTrials.

Genetic landscape of a cohort of children with varicella-zoster virus encephalitis, cerebellitis and stroke.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a neurotropic member of the Herpesviridae family which causes varicella in primary infection and zoster during reactivation but in rare cases can lead to severe neurological complications, such as encephalitis. To identify inborn errors of immunity (IEI) and unravel pathways involved in VZV CNS immune responses and pathogenesis, we performed whole exome sequencing on a cohort of 38 children with neurological manifestations, including VZV encephalitis, cerebellitis, or stroke. We identified a total of 46 rare potentially pathogenic variants predicted to be deleterious, including variants in innate antiviral immunity, inflammation, cell stress responses, and autophagy.

Confined Acoustic Phonons in CsPbI Nanocrystals Explored by Resonant Raman Scattering on Excitons.

Optical properties of the lead halide perovskite nanocrystals are controlled by confined excitons and a rich spectrum of confined acoustic and optical phonons. We study experimentally and theoretically the exciton-phonon interaction in CsPbI perovskite nanocrystals embedded in a glass matrix. Energies of phonon modes allowed by selection rules are detected by resonant Raman scattering for nanocrystals with sizes of 4-13 nm, covering exciton energies of 1.

Erasable laser 3D printing of stable perovskite CsPbBr nanocrystals in fluorophosphate glass.

In this work, perovskite CsPbBr nanocrystals (NCs) were grown using a femtosecond laser (fs) in a transparent fluorophosphate (FP) glass matrix without damage to the material. TEM images showed the formation of CsPbBr quantum dots (QDs) with sizes of 3-4 nm in the glass matrix after fs laser irradiation. Additional low-temperature treatment leads to the growth of NCs (12 nm) and the appearance of luminescence due to the annealing of defects caused by the capture of photoelectrons by the glass matrix.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of ZnO/BiNbO heterojunctions for enhanced hydrogen production.

This work introduces a novel heterojunction between ZnO and BiNbO, prepared through a microwave-assisted technique that significantly reduces time and energy consumption for the synthesis. The used method requires 48 minutes to obtain vertically aligned wurtzite ZnO films and 30 minutes to obtain globular orthorhombic/triclinic BiNbO. The heterojunction exploits the suitable band alignment of ZnO and BiNbO to construct an S-scheme structure, achieving enhanced charge separation and transfer.

Early-life social isolation stress worsens compulsive- and anxiety-like behaviour and alters gene expression in the prefrontal cortex of SAPAP3 knockout mice.

Background: Although stress is a known antecedent of psychiatric illness, the effect of stressors in animal models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has not been comprehensively examined.

Method: We investigated the effects of chronic early-life social isolation stress (SIS) in the SAPAP3 knockout (KO) mouse model of obsessive-compulsive (OC)-like behaviour. We assessed the behavioural responses to 6 weeks of social isolation stress (starting from 5 weeks of age), focusing on measures of anxiety-like and compulsive-like behaviours.

Examining the predictive validity of alcohol-seeking following punishment-imposed abstinence in mice.

Background: A defining feature of alcohol use disorder that has captured the attention of fundamental researchers is "persistent use despite negative consequences." The last two decades have seen the preclinical field adopt the use of punishment to model the adverse consequences associated with alcohol use. However, existing research has focused on rats as the model of choice and alcohol consumption as the prevailing outcome measure.

Celluloepidemiology-A paradigm for quantifying infectious disease dynamics on a population level.

To complement serology as a tool in public health interventions, we introduced the "celluloepidemiology" paradigm where we leveraged pathogen-specific T cell responses at a population level to advance our epidemiological understanding of infectious diseases, using SARS-CoV-2 as a model. Applying flow cytometry and machine learning on data from more than 500 individuals, we showed that the number of T cells with positive expression of functional markers not only could distinguish patients who recovered from COVID-19 from controls and pre-COVID donors but also identify previously unrecognized asymptomatic patients from mild, moderate, and severe recovered patients. The celluloepidemiology approach was uniquely capable to differentiate health care worker groups with different SARS-CoV-2 exposures from each other.

Cellular effects of splenectomy on liver regeneration after 70% resection.

Introduction: Mammalian liver regeneration is a complex process, the regulation of which involves many mechanisms. The immune system has a pronounced influence on the course of reparative processes in mammals. The hepatic portal vein system provides a direct anatomical connection between the liver and the spleen - the largest lymphoid organ in mammals.

Landé -factors of electrons and holes strongly confined in CsPbI perovskite nanocrystals in glass.

The Landé -factor of charge carriers is a key parameter in spin physics controlling spin polarization and spin dynamics. In turn, it delivers information about the electronic band structure in the vicinity of the band gap and its modification in nanocrystals provided by strong carrier confinement. The coherent spin dynamics of electrons and holes are investigated in CsPbI perovskite nanocrystals with sizes varied from 4 to 16 nm by means of time-resolved Faraday ellipticity at the temperature of 6 K.

Identification of Two Novel Recombinant Types of Potato Virus Y from Plants in the Southern Region of Russia.

Potato virus Y (PVY; genus , family ) is one of the most devastating and economically important potato pathogens. Members of the family demonstrate high recombination rates. In nature, five major parental variants of PVY were identified with at least 35 recombinants.

Serotonergic-dependent effects of exercise and elevated stress hormone on small non-coding RNA transcriptomics and proteomics in a mouse model of affective disorders.

Environmental changes may alter gene expression in depression and anxiety disorders through epigenetic regulation, including via small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) and their major subclass, microRNAs (miRNAs). However, underlying mechanisms mediating miRNA regulation in response to changing environmental stimuli are unclear. Using the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) knockout (KO) mouse model of depression/anxiety, this study aimed to compare the effects of voluntary exercise (EX) versus chronic treatment with the stress hormone corticosterone (CT), on hippocampal miRNA transcriptome and proteome in five comparison groups: WT-SH vs.

Temperature dependence of the electron and hole Landé -factors in CsPbI nanocrystals embedded in a glass matrix.

The coherent spin dynamics of electrons and holes in CsPbI perovskite nanocrystals in a glass matrix are studied by the time-resolved Faraday ellipticity technique in magnetic fields up to 430 mT across a temperature range from 6 K to 120 K. The Landé -factors and spin dephasing times are evaluated from the observed Larmor precession of electron and hole spins. The nanocrystal size in the three studied samples varies from about 8 to 16 nm, resulting in exciton transition varying from 1.

Global nuclear reorganization during heterochromatin replication in the giant-genome plant Nigella damascena L.

Among flowering plants, genome size varies remarkably, by >2200-fold, and this variation depends on the loss and gain of noncoding DNA sequences that form distinct heterochromatin complexes during interphase. In plants with giant genomes, most chromatin remains condensed during interphase, forming a dense network of heterochromatin threads called interphase chromonemata. Using super-resolution light and electron microscopy, we studied the ultrastructure of chromonemata during and after replication in root meristem nuclei of Nigella damascena L.

Recognizing microplastic deposits on sandy beaches by altimetric positioning, μ-Raman spectroscopy and multivariate statistical models.

Understanding the extent and implications of microplastic (MP) pollution along the São Paulo State coastline in southeastern Brazil is crucial, considering the significant environmental burden imposed by industrial and port activities in this region. This research aims to understand the complex dynamics of MP deposition on sandy beaches, which poses severe environmental risks to coastal ecosystems, marine organisms, and humans. Using a comprehensive five-step methodology-geodetic surveys, sediment collection, μ-RAMAN spectrometry for polymer identification, and multivariate statistical models-we analyzed the distribution of MPs across six coastal compartments (C1 to C6).

Synthesis and optical properties of perovskite nanocrystals in glass with cationic substitution.

The effect of cadmium ions introduced into fluorophosphate glass on the growth and photoluminescence (PL) of the CsPb1-xCdxBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) is systematically studied. The x-ray diffraction patterns have shown that cadmium ions are really incorporated into the NCs that results in a decrease in the lattice constant from 5.85 (x = 0) to 5.

WES-based screening of 7,000 newborns: A pilot study in Russia.

The effective implementation of whole-exome sequencing- and whole-genome sequencing-based diagnostics in the management of children affected with genetic diseases and the rapid decrease in the cost of next-generation sequencing (NGS) enables the expansion of this method to newborn genetic screening programs. Such NGS-based screening greatly increases the number of diseases that can be detected compared to conventional newborn screening, as the latter is aimed at early detection of a limited number of inborn diseases. Moreover, genetic testing provides new possibilities for family members of the proband, as many variants responsible for adult-onset conditions are inherited from the parents.

Mimicking the cellular environment does not cause monocyte-derived macrophages to become phenotypically similar to Kupffer cells.

Resident macrophages of various mammalian organs are characterized by several distinctive features in their gene expression profile and phenotype, including involvement in the regulation of organ functions, as well as reduced sensitivity to proinflammatory activation factors. The reasons for the formation of such a specific phenotype remain the subject of intensive research. Some papers emphasize the role of the origin of organ macrophages.

Lack of functional TCR-epitope interaction is associated with herpes zoster through reduced downstream T cell activation.

The role of T cell receptor (TCR) diversity in infectious disease susceptibility is not well understood. We use a systems immunology approach on three cohorts of herpes zoster (HZ) patients and controls to investigate whether TCR diversity against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) influences the risk of HZ. We show that CD4 T cell TCR diversity against VZV glycoprotein E (gE) and immediate early 63 protein (IE63) after 1-week culture is more restricted in HZ patients.

Novel Approaches to Possible Targeted Therapies and Prophylaxis of Uterine Fibroids.

Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign tumors in women of childbearing age. They may lead to problems of conception or complications during the gestational period. The methods of treatment include surgical (myomectomy and hysterectomy, embolization of arteries) and therapeutic treatment (ulipristal acetate, leuprolide acetate, cetrorelix, goserelin, mifepristone).

The Temporal and Geographical Dynamics of Potato Virus Y Diversity in Russia.

Potato virus Y, an important viral pathogen of potato, has several genetic variants and geographic distributions which could be affected by environmental factors, aphid vectors, and reservoir plants. PVY is transmitted to virus-free potato plants by aphids and passed on to the next vegetative generations through tubers, but the effects of tuber transmission in PVY is largely unknown. By using high-throughput sequencing, we investigated PVY populations transmitted to potato plants by aphids in different climate zones of Russia, namely the Moscow and Astrakhan regions.

The spleen as a possible source of serine protease inhibitors and migrating monocytes required for liver regeneration after 70% resection in mice.

The role of the immune system in liver repair is fundamentally complex and most likely involves the spleen. The close connection between the two organs via the portal vein enables delivery of splenic cytokines and living cells to the liver. This study evaluates expression of inflammation-related genes and assesses the dynamics of monocyte-macrophage and lymphocyte populations of the spleen during the recovery from 70% hepatectomy in mice.

Recent Advances in DNA Nanomaterials.

Applications of DNA-containing nanomaterials (DNA-NMs) in science and technology are currently attracting increasing attention in the fields of medicine, environment, engineering, etc. Such objects have become important for various branches of science and industries due to their outstanding characteristics such as small size, high controllability, clustering actions, and strong permeability. For these reasons, DNA-NMs deserve a review with respect to their recent advancements.