A review of biofuels and bioenergy production as a sustainable alternative: opportunities, challenges and future perspectives.

Biofuels and bioenergy production are increasingly being viewed as viable alternatives to conventional energy sources because of their renewable nature and ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Waste products, lignocellulosic materials, and agricultural residues are some of the feedstocks that can be used to create biofuels, including biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas. The production of biofuels not only promotes sustainable energy but also addresses environmental problems.

Artificial intelligence-driven detection of microplastics in food: A comprehensive review of sources, health risks, detection techniques, and emerging artificial intelligence solutions.

Microplastic contamination in food is an escalating concern due to associated environmental and health risks, with a rising global plastic production projected to exceed 2.1 billion tons annually by 2060. This makes it essential to have effective detection and identification of microplastics for determining environmental risk and secure food safety.

Nanoparticle-based detection of foodborne pathogens: Addressing matrix challenges, advances, and future perspectives in food safety.

Foodborne diseases pose significant public health and economic challenges worldwide, with conventional pathogen detection methods, such as culture-based assays and PCR, often hindered by the complex food matrix in categories like dairy, seafood, fresh produce, and processed foods. These matrices, containing fats, proteins, biofilms, and salts, interfere with detection accuracy, reducing the sensitivity and robustness of traditional approaches. Nanoparticle-based detection systems have emerged as transformative tools to overcome these challenges, offering enhanced sensitivity, rapid detection, and adaptability to real-time monitoring.

Advancing food safety with biogenic silver nanoparticles: Addressing antimicrobial resistance, sustainability, and commercial viability.

The escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly among foodborne pathogens such as , , and , necessitates innovative solutions beyond conventional antimicrobials. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have garnered significant attention for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy, ability to target multidrug-resistant strains, and versatile applications across the food sector. This review critically examines AgNPs' integration into food safety strategies, including their roles in antimicrobial food packaging, agricultural productivity enhancement, and livestock disease mitigation.

Gold Nanoparticles in Nanobiotechnology: From Synthesis to Biosensing Applications.

Nanobiotechnology has ushered in a new era of scientific discovery where the unique properties of nanomaterials, such as gold nanoparticles, have been harnessed for a wide array of applications. This review explores gold nanoparticles' synthesis, properties, and multidisciplinary applications, focusing on their role as biosensors. Gold nanoparticles possess exceptional physicochemical attributes, including size-dependent optical properties, biocompatibility, and ease of functionalization, making them promising candidates for the development of biosensing platforms.

Challenges in Emerging Vaccines and Future Promising Candidates against SARS-CoV-2 Variants.

Since the COVID-19 outbreak, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) virus has evolved into variants with varied infectivity. Vaccines developed against COVID-19 infection have boosted immunity, but there is still uncertainty on how long the immunity from natural infection or vaccination will last. The present study attempts to outline the present level of information about the contagiousness and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest and variants of concern (VOCs).

Physical Activity Maintain Immune Response Through TLR-2/TLR-4 Gene Expression in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient at Medan City.

Background: The Increasing in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) needs to solve comprehensively and holistically. Patients with T2DM should have self-coping due to lifestyle modification. Abdominal fat accumulation can release pro-inflammatory cytokine that leads TLR-2 and TLR-4 to the response.

Nanocellulose: A comprehensive review investigating its potential as an innovative material for water remediation.

Rapid growth in industrialization sectors, the wastewater treatment plants become exhausted and potentially not able to give desirable discharge standards. Many industries discharge the untreated effluent into the water bodies which affects the aquatic diversity and human health. The effective disposal of industrial effluents thus has been an imperative requirement.

Microplastic pollution: Understanding microbial degradation and strategies for pollutant reduction.

Microplastics are ubiquitous environmental pollutants with the potential for adverse impacts on ecosystems and human health. These particles originate from the fragmentation of larger plastic items, shedding from synthetic fibers, tire abrasions, and direct release from personal care products and industrial processes. Once released into the environment, microplastics can disrupt ecosystems, accumulate in organisms, cause physical harm, and carry chemical pollutants that pose risks to both wildlife and human health.

Multi-scale feature fusion-based lightweight dual stream transformer for detection of paddy leaf disease.

Traditionally, rice leaf disease identification relies on a visual examination of abnormalities or an analytical result obtained by growing bacteria in the research lab. This method of visual evaluation is qualitative and error-prone. On the other hand, an artificial neural network system is fast and more accurate.

Assessment of potentially toxic elements in groundwater through interpolation, pollution indices, and chemometric techniques in Dehradun in Uttarakhand State.

Providing safe drinking water for the entire world's population is essential for ensuring sustainable development. The presence of harmful compounds in aquifers, majorly toxic elements, is a serious environmental concern around the globe. This research aimed to quantify for the initial period the amounts of toxic elements in freshwater in the Dehradun Industrial Region of Uttrakhand, India, as well as the associated health risks.

Synthesis of Pectin and Eggshell Biowaste-Mediated Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp), Their Physicochemical Characterizations, and Use as Antibacterial Material.

The current study reports the synthesis of sustainable nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) using a wet chemical precipitation approach. The materials used in the green synthesis of nHAp were obtained from environmental biowastes such as HAp from eggshells and pectin from banana peels. The physicochemical characterization of obtained nHAp was carried out using different techniques.

Perspectives on Usage of Functional Nanomaterials in Antimicrobial Therapy for Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infections.

The clinical applications of nanotechnology are emerging as widely popular, particularly as a potential treatment approach for infectious diseases. Diseases associated with multiple drug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are a global concern of morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains has increased the urgency associated with researching and developing novel bactericidal medicines or unorthodox methods capable of combating antimicrobial resistance.

Toxicity of Nanoscaled Zero-Valent Iron Particles on Tilapia, .

This research effort aims to evaluate the hazardous potential of the redox state (OH) of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) and its histopathological and oxidative stress toward Mozambique tilapia, . X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) validated the nZVI nanoparticles' chemical composition, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that their physical form is round and oval. The exposure to 10 g/mL of nZVI induced the activation of the cellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity.

Biological approaches practised using genetically engineered microbes for a sustainable environment: A review.

Conventional methods used to remediate toxic substances from the environment have failed drastically, and thereby, advancement in newer remediation techniques can be one of the ways to improve the quality of bioremediation. The increased environmental pollution led to the exploration of microorganisms and construction of genetically engineered microbes (GEMs) for pollution abatement through bioremediation. The present review deals with the successful bioremediation techniques and approaches practised using genetically modified or engineered microbes.

Air quality assessment among populous sites of major metropolitan cities in India during COVID-19 pandemic confinement.

The present study aims to determine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic confinement on air quality among populous sites of four major metropolitan cities in India (Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai) from January 1, 2020 to May 31, 2020 by analyzing particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO), ammonia (NH), sulfur dioxide (SO), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone levels. The most prominent pollutant concerning air quality index (AQI) was determined by Pearson's correlation analysis and unpaired Welch's two-sample t test was carried out to measure the statistically significant reduction in average AQI for all the four sites.

Pathview Web: user friendly pathway visualization and data integration.

Pathway analysis is widely used in omics studies. Pathway-based data integration and visualization is a critical component of the analysis. To address this need, we recently developed a novel R package called Pathview.

Biochemical changes induced by fungicides in nitrogen fixing Nostoc sp.

The present study indicates the effect of fungicides (approved by WHO) and their behavior on nitrogen fixer of rice eco system Nostoc sp. Application of plant protecting chemicals at recommended levels braced up the growth of blue green algae thereby enhancing heterocyst formation and nitrogenase activity. Nostoc sp demoed varying degrees of sensitivity to fungicides.

Immediate effect of nostril breathing on memory performance.

The self-control study on thirty normal subjects of both genders (mean age 25.83 +/- 3.41 years) were taken in a self control study group and were tested for three types of Nostril breathing practices and Breath Awareness (BA) effects.