Development of Privacy-preserving Deep Learning Model with Homomorphic Encryption: A Technical Feasibility Study in Kidney CT Imaging.

. Purpose To evaluate the technical feasibility of implementing homomorphic encryption in deep learning models for privacy-preserving CT image analysis of renal masses. Materials and Methods A privacy-preserving deep learning system was developed through three sequential technical phases: a reference CNN model (Ref-CNN) based on ResNet architecture, modification for encryption compatibility (Approx-CNN) by replacing ReLU with polynomial approximation and max-pooling with averagepooling, and implementation of fully homomorphic encryption (HE-CNN).

Independent Donning and Doffing Robotic Hand System: an Innovative Solution for Stroke Home-Rehabilitation.

Stroke often results in spastic or clenched hands, which presents a considerable obstacle to the independent donning of robotic hand systems. To address these issues, we developed a novel robotic hand system comprising a Hand Setup Station and a Pneumatic Robotic Hand. The system was designed with the objective of facilitating efficient and independent donning and doffing.

Alzheimer's disease drug development pipeline: 2025.

Unlabelled: Clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease (AD) must be registered on clinicaltrials.gov. The registry presents a variety of types of information related to the planned clinical trial.

Development and external validation of a machine learning model to predict bronchopulmonary dysplasia using dynamic factors.

We hypothesized that incorporating postnatal dynamic factors would enhance the prediction accuracy of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants. This retrospective cohort study included neonates born before 32 weeks of gestation at Seoul National University Hospital between 2013 and 2022. The primary outcome was moderate or severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Effect of a Standardized Education Program for Interhospital Transport of Critically Ill Patients on Knowledge and Confidence in South Korea: A Pilot Study.

Critical care transport (CCT) education and training for health care providers are important for patient safety. In this study, a structured education and training program for CCT was implemented as a pilot in South Korea, and the effects of improving knowledge and confidence among health care providers were evaluated. This retrospective observational study analyzed pre- and post-test scores and survey responses from participants in the education program.

Predictors of Post-Hepatectomy Liver Failure in Klatskin Tumors: The Role of Preoperative Glucose, Future Liver Remnant to Spleen Ratio, and Early Bilirubin Monitoring.

: Post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is a serious complication following hepatic resection for Klatskin tumors, significantly affecting patient prognosis. Identifying reliable preoperative and early postoperative predictors of PHLF can help optimize patient outcomes and guide surgical planning. : We conducted a retrospective review of 34 patients who underwent hemi-hepatectomy for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma at Kosin University Gospel Hospital between April 2019 and April 2024, and at Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital between September 2017 and April 2024.

In Situ Formation of an Artificial Lithium Oxalate-Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase on 3D Ni Host for Highly Stable Lithium Metal Batteries.

Li metal, with a high theoretical capacity, is considered the most promising anode for next-generation high-energy-density batteries. However, the commercialization of the Li metal anode is limited owing to its high reactivity, significant volume expansion, continuous solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer degradation caused by undesirable Li deposition, and uncontrollable dendrite growth. This study demonstrates the in situ construction of a LiCO-enriched SEI layer from NiCO nanowires on three-dimensional Ni foam.

Privacy-Preserving Prediction of Postoperative Mortality in Multi-Institutional Data: Development and Usability Study.

Background: To circumvent regulatory barriers that limit medical data exchange due to personal information security concerns, we use homomorphic encryption (HE) technology, enabling computation on encrypted data and enhancing privacy.

Objective: This study explores whether using HE to integrate encrypted multi-institutional data enhances predictive power in research, focusing on the integration feasibility across institutions and determining the optimal size of hospital data sets for improved prediction models.

Methods: We used data from 341,007 individuals aged 18 years and older who underwent noncardiac surgeries across 3 medical institutions.

Non-invasive prediction of massive transfusion during surgery using intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring data.

Objective: Failure to receive prompt blood transfusion leads to severe complications if massive bleeding occurs during surgery. For the timely preparation of blood products, predicting the possibility of massive transfusion (MT) is essential to decrease morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to develop a model for predicting MT 10 min in advance using non-invasive bio-signal waveforms that change in real-time.

Nonthermal Plasma-Stimulated C-N Coupling from CH and N Depends on the Presence of Surface CH and Plasma-Phase CN Species.

Formation of C-N containing compounds from plasma-catalytic coupling of CH and N over various transition metals (Ni, Pd, Cu, Ag, and Au) is investigated using a multimodal spectroscopic approach, combining polarization-modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRAS) and optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Through sequential experiments utilizing CH and N nonthermal plasmas, we minimize plasma-phase reactions and identify key intermediates for C-N coupling on metal surfaces. Results show that simultaneous CH and N exposure with plasma stimulation produces surface C-N species.

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Introduction: New therapies to prevent or delay the onset of symptoms, slow progression, or improve cognitive and behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are needed.

Methods: We interrogated clinicaltrials.gov including all clinical trials assessing pharmaceutical therapies for AD active in on January 1, 2024.

Observation and Characterization of Vibrationally Active Surface Species Accessed with Nonthermal Nitrogen Plasmas.

Polycrystalline Ni, Pd, Cu, Ag, and Au foils exposed to nonthermal plasma (NTP)-activated N are found to exhibit a vibrational feature near 2200 cm in polarization-modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRAS) observations that are not present in the same materials exposed to N under nonplasma conditions. The feature is similar to that reported elsewhere and is typically assigned to chemisorbed N. We employ a combination of temperature-dependent experiments, sequential dosing, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, isotopic labeling, and density functional theory calculations to characterize the feature.

An interpretable Alzheimer's disease oligogenic risk score informed by neuroimaging biomarkers improves risk prediction and stratification.

Introduction: Stratification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients into risk subgroups using Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) presents novel opportunities for the development of clinical trials and disease-modifying therapies. However, the heterogeneous nature of AD continues to pose significant challenges for the clinical broadscale use of PRS. PRS remains unfit in demonstrating sufficient accuracy in risk prediction, particularly for individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and in allowing feasible interpretation of specific genes or SNPs contributing to disease risk.

Protective Effects of Melatonin in High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis via Decreased Intestinal Lipid Absorption and Hepatic Cholesterol Synthesis.

Backgruound: The preventative effect of melatonin on the development of obesity and the progression of fatty liver under a high-fat diet (HFD) has been well elucidated through previous studies. We investigated the mechanism behind this effect regarding cholesterol biosynthesis and regulation of cholesterol levels.

Methods: Mice were divided into three groups: normal chow diet (NCD); HFD; and HFD and melatonin administration group (HFD+M).

Preparation of Remote Plasma Atomic Layer-Deposited HfO Thin Films with High Charge Trapping Densities and Their Application in Nonvolatile Memory Devices.

Optimization of equipment structure and process conditions is essential to obtain thin films with the required properties, such as film thickness, trapped charge density, leakage current, and memory characteristics, that ensure reliability of the corresponding device. In this study, we fabricated metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structure capacitors using HfO thin films separately deposited by remote plasma (RP) atomic layer deposition (ALD) and direct-plasma (DP) ALD and determined the optimal process temperature by measuring the leakage current and breakdown strength as functions of process temperature. Additionally, we analyzed the effects of the plasma application method on the charge trapping properties of HfO thin films and properties of the interface between Si and HfO.

Alzheimer's disease drug development pipeline: 2023.

Introduction: Drugs that prevent the onset, slow progression, or improve cognitive and behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are needed.

Methods: We searched ClinicalTrials.gov for all current Phase 1, 2 and 3 clinical trials for AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) attributed to AD.

CPR5-mediated nucleo-cytoplasmic localization of IAA12 and IAA19 controls lateral root development during abiotic stress.

Plasticity of the root system architecture (RSA) is essential in enabling plants to cope with various environmental stresses and is mainly controlled by the phytohormone auxin. Lateral root development is a major determinant of RSA. Abiotic stresses reduce auxin signaling output, inhibiting lateral root development; however, how abiotic stress translates into a lower auxin signaling output is not fully understood.

Development and Validation of a Prediction Model for Need for Massive Transfusion During Surgery Using Intraoperative Hemodynamic Monitoring Data.

Importance: Massive transfusion is essential to prevent complications during uncontrolled intraoperative hemorrhage. As massive transfusion requires time for blood product preparation and additional medical personnel for a team-based approach, early prediction of massive transfusion is crucial for appropriate management.

Objective: To evaluate a real-time prediction model for massive transfusion during surgery based on the incorporation of preoperative data and intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring data.

Direct Observation of Plasma-Stimulated Activation of Surface Species Using Multimodal In Situ/Operando Spectroscopy Combining Polarization-Modulation Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy, Optical Emission Spectroscopy, and Mass Spectrometry.

Nonthermal plasmas (NTPs) produce reactive chemical environments, including electrons, ions, radicals, and vibrationally excited molecules, that can drive chemistry at temperatures at which such species are thermally inaccessible. There has been growing interest in the integration of conventional catalysis with reactive NTPs to promote novel chemical transformations. Unveiling the full potential of plasma-catalytic processes requires a comprehensive understanding of plasma-catalytic synergies, including characterization of plasma-catalytic surface interactions.

α2δ-1 switches the phenotype of synaptic AMPA receptors by physically disrupting heteromeric subunit assembly.

Many neurological disorders show an increased prevalence of GluA2-lacking, Ca-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs), which dramatically alters synaptic function. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this distinct synaptic plasticity remains enigmatic. Here, we show that nerve injury potentiates postsynaptic, but not presynaptic, CP-AMPARs in the spinal dorsal horn via α2δ-1.