[Rhino-sinusal mucormycosis in a solid organ transplant recipient].

We report on a 46-year-old female patient with a recent history of kidney transplantation who presented with acute sinusitis. Further investigation revealed rhino-sinusal mucormycosis. Surgical debridement and a five-month antifungal treatment along with the cessation of the immunosuppressive therapy were needed.

[Guidelines for the basic management of chronic kidney disease].

This article outlines the 2024 KDIGO («Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes») guidelines to slow the progression of chronic kidney disease in adults. Non-pharmacological measures include a healthy diet (Mediterranean or vegetarian), regular physical activity (150 minutes per week), smoking cessation, and weight loss. A low-salt diet (less than 5 g of salt per day) is also recommended.

[International guidelines for the assessment of chronic kidney disease].

The new KDIGO («Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes») 2024 guidelines on chronic kidney disease (CKD) provide significant updates. They reaffirm the importance of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and of the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) for diagnosing and classifying CKD. CKD is defined by a GFR < 60 mL/min/1.

[Hypertension : two European recommendations, two strategies, one clinical challenge].

After the joint publication of hypertension management guidelines in 2003, 2007, 2013, and 2018, the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) decided to issue their recommendations separately - ESH in 2023 and ESC in 2024. Notable differences include the ESC's new blood pressure classification, which significantly impacts patient management. Other variations exist in diagnosis and treatment algorithms, yet both approaches remain complementary.

Procalcitonin levels at hospital admission are increased in cyst infection in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Introduction: The diagnosis of cyst infection in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is difficult. [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging is helpful, but early diagnosis remains challenging. Procalcitonin (PCT), a serum biomarker for bacterial infections, has not been evaluated in ADPKD-related cyst infections.

Kidney transplant injury associated with brain death is mediated by TNFα, independently of renal innervation.

Kidney transplant outcomes depend on various factors, including donor type. Brain death (BD) has been associated with significant kidney injury, with long-term sequelae. Deciphering the impact of BD versus circulatory death on kidney pathophysiology may help to prevent kidney transplant injury.

Simultaneous Ex Situ Normothermic Perfusion of Paired Kidneys in Pigs.

Background: Normothermic Machine Perfusion (NMP) is essential in renal transplantation to improve organ viability before transplantation. This study presents a proof of concept for simultaneous ex situ perfusion of paired porcine kidneys using exogenous creatinine and iohexol clearances to assess renal function, with the primary objective of examining intra-individual differences.

Methods: Five kidney pairs (n = 10) were harvested from pigs, preserved at 4°C for 3 h, and subjected to 6-h NMP.

Impact of corticosteroid withdrawal on bone mineral density after kidney transplantation.

Background: Bone abnormalities are common after kidney transplantation (KTx) and are associated with an increased risk of fractures. The pathophysiology of post-KTx bone disorders is multifactorial, with corticosteroid (CS) therapy being a contributor to the loss of bone mineral density (BMD). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of CS withdrawal versus continued CS therapy on BMD evolution in a kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) cohort.

Non-Steroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists: A Paradigm Shift in the Management of Diabetic Nephropathy.

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease worldwide. The management of DKD relies on controlling glycemia and blood pressure levels, as well as reducing proteinuria. While the traditional renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) and the recently approved type 2 Na+/glucose co-transporter inhibitors (SGLT2i) have significantly improved patient outcomes, residual risks remain unaddressed.

Trabecular bone score to assess bone microarchitecture in end-stage renal disease patients.

Rationale: This study evaluates TBS for estimating bone microarchitecture in ESRD patients using HR-pQCT as the reference technique.

Main Results: TBS correlates significantly with vBMD and bone microarchitecture, unlike aBMD.

Significance: TBS may complement bone health assessment in ESRD patients by offering additional information alongside aBMD.

Characterization of the Cystic Phenotype Associated with Monoallelic ALG8 and ALG9 Pathogenic Variants.

Key Points: Loss-of-function and variants were enriched in polycystic kidney/liver groups and International Classification of Diseases–coded cystic individuals in population cohorts. The ALG8 and ALG9 kidney phenotypes were usually mild to moderate, and lower eGFR or kidney failure was rare. pathogenic variants sometimes resulted in severe polycystic liver disease.

Characteristics of patients with autosomal polycystic kidney disease reaching kidney failure by age 40.

Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) demonstrates broad genetic and phenotypic variability, with kidney failure (KF) occurring across a wide age spectrum. Despite several predictor tools, there remains a need to identify factors associated with rapid disease progression. This study describes the phenotypic characteristics of a multicentric cohort experiencing early-onset KF by age 40.

Combination of Clinical Frailty Score and Myostatin Concentrations as Mortality Predictor in Hemodialysis Patients.

Objectives: Frailty is common among hemodialysis (HD) patients. Its assessment is usually based on clinical criteria. In the present work, we evaluated the interest of combining clinical frailty score and biomarkers to predict mortality of chronic HD patients.

The Dual-specificity Phosphatase 3 (DUSP3): A Potential Target Against Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.

Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common clinical challenge faced by clinicians in kidney transplantation. I/R is the leading cause of acute kidney injury, and it occurs when blood flow to the kidney is interrupted and subsequently restored. I/R impairs renal function in both short and long terms.

Performance of an interstitial glucose monitoring device in patients with type 1 diabetes during haemodialysis.

Background: The use of interstitial glucose monitoring devices such as flash glucose monitoring has been shown to be beneficial in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, these devices have been little studied in patients with diabetes treated by chronic haemodialysis (HD).

Methods: The goal of this prospective, observational, multicentric study was to evaluate the analytical performance of the FreeStyle Libre 2 (FSL2) sensor in T1DM patients during HD sessions.

Allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cell therapy in kidney transplantation: should repeated human leukocyte antigen mismatches be avoided?

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory properties and are therefore considered promising tools in kidney transplantation. Although most studies have been conducted with autologous MSCs, using allogeneic MSCs as an off-the-shelf product is more feasible in clinical settings. However, allogeneic MSCs could potentially induce an immune response, which might eventually be directed towards the kidney allograft because of shared human leukocyte antigen (HLA) epitope mismatches between the kidney and MSC donor.

[English Title : Treatment of membranous nephropathy].

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. In recent years, many progresses have been made, both in terms of diagnosis and treatment. For diagnosis, the discovery of new antigens and diseases that may be associated with MN led to the establishment of a new classification of MNs.

The uptake of [F]-fluorodeoxyglucose by the renal allograft correlates with the acute Banff scores of cortex inflammation but not with the 1-year graft outcomes.

Introduction: [F]FDG PET/CT noninvasively disproves acute kidney allograft rejection (AR) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with suspected AR. However, the correlation of biopsy-based Banff vs. PET/CT-based scores of acute inflammation remains unknown, as does the prognostic performance of [F]FDG PET/CT at one year suspected AR.

RRAGD-Associated Autosomal Dominant Kidney Hypomagnesemia with Cardiomyopathy: A Review on the Clinical Manifestations and Therapeutic Options.

Background: A hereditary condition primarily affecting the kidneys and heart has newly been identified: the RRAGD-associated autosomal dominant kidney hypomagnesemia with cardiomyopathy (ADKH-RRAGD). This disorder is characterized by renal loss of magnesium and potassium, coupled with varying degrees of cardiac dysfunction. These range from arrhythmias to severe dilated cardiomyopathy, which may require heart transplantation.

[Prevention of preeclampsia and its complications].

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific condition characterized by gestational hypertension associated with proteinuria or organ dysfunction after 20 weeks of gestation. It complicates 2 to 8 % of pregnancies worldwide and represents the leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality in developed countries. The only definitive treatment remains termination of pregnancy and delivery of the placenta.