[Rhino-sinusal mucormycosis in a solid organ transplant recipient].

We report on a 46-year-old female patient with a recent history of kidney transplantation who presented with acute sinusitis. Further investigation revealed rhino-sinusal mucormycosis. Surgical debridement and a five-month antifungal treatment along with the cessation of the immunosuppressive therapy were needed.

Mini-Invasive Pleural Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for Malignant Pleural Effusion Diagnosis.

Introduction: Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) is an optical imaging tool which allows live imaging tissues at cellular level. pCLE proved to be able to discriminate malignant from benign pleura during medical thoracoscopy and can identify malignant cells in pleural fluids. Since pleural fluid cytology has limited sensitivity for malignant pleural effusion diagnosis, we wanted do determine the feasibility, the safety, and the yield of mini-invasive close-blinded pleural pCLE.

Incidence and features of pulmonary track nodules after CT-guided lung biopsy with track sealing using gelatin sponge slurry.

Background: Track sealing (TS) with gelatin sponge slurry (GSS) is efficient in reducing pneumothorax after CT-guided lung biopsy. Nodule appearance along the pulmonary track after TS with GSS is a potential issue that has not been previously evaluated.

Methods: A secondary analysis of two studies evaluating the efficacy of lung TS in 710 patients in reducing post-biopsy pneumothorax was performed.

[Urinary cytology for the detection of urothelial lesions].

Urine cytology is a long-used technique for the detection of high grade neoplastic urothelial lesions. Since 2016, «The Paris System» classification has revolutionized this field by introducing a standardized terminology widely adopted by cytopathologists and urologists. In this article, we explain this classification and discuss its impact on the clinical management of patients with urothelial lesions, as well as its role in the secondary prevention of these lesions.

The Role of in the Etiology of Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome and Premature Ovarian Insufficiency.

Infertility in couples is a common problem, with both female and male factors contributing to similar extents. Severe, congenital disorders affecting fertility are, however, rare. While folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis are generally orchestrated via different mechanisms, some genetic anomalies can impair both female and male gametogenesis.

Endovesical instillation of Cidofovir in the treatment of BK polyomavirus hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Background: Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) with BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a common complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) that may lead to severe discomfort for the patient and significant morbidity (urinary obstruction, increased transfusion requirements and prolonged hospitalization). So far, there is no clear consensus on how to manage this complication.

Patients And Methods: Here, we report a single-center case series of 9 patients (4 children and 5 adults) treated with cidofovir endovesical (EV) instillation(s) for BKPyV-HC after alloHCT.

Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy for pleural malignancies diagnosis.

Background And Objective: Probe based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) is an optical imaging technique allowing live tissue imaging at a cellular level. Currently, this tool remains experimental. Two studies regarding pleural disease have been published and suggest that pCLE could be valuable for pleural disease investigations.

Neutrophil extracellular traps infiltrate the lung airway, interstitial, and vascular compartments in severe COVID-19.

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 is causing a deadly and pandemic disease called coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). While SARS-CoV-2-triggered hyperinflammatory tissue-damaging and immunothrombotic responses are thought to be major causes of respiratory failure and death, how they relate to lung immunopathological changes remains unclear. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can contribute to inflammation-associated lung damage, thrombosis, and fibrosis.

Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis in a Patient on Programmed Death-1 Inhibitor for Advanced Non-small-cell Lung Cancer.

To contribute to a precise and thorough knowledge of immune-related adverse events (irAE) induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and to emphasize the importance of this specific form of toxicity in terms of potential predictive value and long-term effects. We report the first case of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) in a patient treated with an anti-Programmed Death protein-1 (PD-1) antibody for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). After a single dose of this drug the patient showed severe myositis associated with a high anti-PR3 anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody titer.

Fatal alveolar echinococcosis of the lumbar spine.

For the last 10 years, the southern part of Belgium has been recognized as a low-risk area of endemicity for alveolar echinococcosis. This infection, caused by Echinococcus multilocularis, usually induces a severe liver condition and can sometimes spread to other organs. However, alveolar echinococcosis involving bones has been described only very rarely.

Neonatal liver cirrhosis without iron overload caused by gestational alloimmune liver disease.

Gestational alloimmune liver disease has emerged as the major cause of antenatal liver injury and failure. It usually manifests as neonatal liver failure with hepatic and extrahepatic iron overload, a clinical presentation called neonatal hemochromatosis. We report on a newborn in whom fetal hepatomegaly was detected during pregnancy and who presented at birth with liver cirrhosis and mild liver dysfunction.

Adrenal ganglioneuroma.

Background: A 20-year-old man was referred after having been discovered a left adrenal incidentaloma. Characteristics on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested the diagnosis of adrenal ganglioneuroma or carcinoma. Pathological examination after adrenalectomy concluded it was an adrenal ganglioneuroma.