Enhanced recovery protocols and the new frontiers in surgical specialties: emergency and pediatric surgery.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs have been shown, in many types of operations and surgical specialties, to be the gold standard of perioperative patient care. This statement is sustained by strong evidence on the significant reduction of postoperative morbidity, duration of hospitalization, health-related costs, nurse working load, and improved patient satisfaction when the programs are fully implemented. However, in some fields of surgery, the evidence is still moderate because data collection and systematic research has begun few years ago.

Immunocytokines in cancer treatment: A systematic review.

Introduction: Immunocytokines are an emerging class of antibody-cytokine fusion proteins combining the specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the potent immunostimulatory effects of cytokines, potentially enhancing the anti-tumor immune response while reducing systemic toxicity.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines. We performed a comprehensive literature search using PubMed and ClinicalTrials.

Growth performances in cupped oysters (Crassostrea gigas) during pre-fattening stages in the middle Adriatic Sea: Influence of pathogens and environmental factors.

In the last decades, demand for bivalves has significantly increased substantially worldwide. In the Adriatic Sea, offshore bivalve molluscs farming is almost entirely based on mussel farming although some companies started to diversify their production. Growth performance and interaction between host, pathogens and environmental factors were analyzed in different batches of cupped oysters (Crassostrea gigas), during the years 2018 and 2019.

The challenge of molecular selection in liver-limited metastatic colorectal cancer for surgical resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis in the context of current and future approaches.

Objectives: Treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) includes resection of liver metastases (LM), however, no validated biomarker identifies patients most likely to benefit from this procedure. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of the most relevant molecular alterations in cancer-related genes of CRC (i.e.

Clinical Evaluation of Oral Midazolam Containing Cyclodextrin in Pediatric Magnetic Resonance: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Reducing a child's level of anxiety before magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures allows for better behavioral outcomes. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate anxiolytic efficacy of Midazolam/γ-cyclodextrin oral formulation.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 100 medical charts of children who, between 1 February and 31 July 2022, underwent MRI under general anesthesia with or without premedication with midazolam/γ-cyclodextrin.

Ongoing Clinical Trials and Future Research Scenarios of Circulating Tumor DNA for the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Liquid biopsy using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a minimally invasive, timely approach to provide molecular diagnosis and monitor tumor evolution in patients with cancer. Since the molecular landscape of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is substantially heterogeneous and dynamic over space and time, ctDNA holds significant advantages as a biomarker for this disease. Numerous studies have demonstrated that ctDNA broadly recapitulates the molecular profile of the primary tumor and metastases, and have mainly focused on the genotyping of RAS and BRAF, that is propaedeutic for anti-EGFR treatment selection.

Clinicopathological characterisation of alterations in gastrointestinal cancers.

Background: Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is an essential metabolic enzyme in the purine and methionine salvage pathway. In cancer, gene copy number loss ( loss) confers a selective dependency on the related protein arginine methyltransferase 5. The impact of alterations in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers remains unknown although hypothetically druggable.

Circulating Tumor DNA to Drive Treatment in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

In the evolving molecular treatment landscape of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), the identification of druggable alterations is pivotal to achieve the best therapeutic opportunity for each patient. Because the number of actionable targets is expanding, there is the need to timely detect their presence or emergence to guide the choice of different available treatment options. Liquid biopsy, through the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), has proven safe and effective as a complementary method to address cancer evolution while overcoming the limitations of tissue biopsy.

Corrigendum: Case report: mutation is associated with primary resistance to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in metastatic colorectal cancer.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.

Needleless inhaled anesthesia with sevoflurane: Advantages of a simplified approach for children with spinal muscular atrophy undergoing intrathecal administration of nusinersen.

Background: Intrathecal nusinersen administration, a fundamental step in the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy, is challenging in children.

Aims: This retrospective monocentric analysis of prospectively collected data evaluated the feasibility of needleless general anesthesia exclusively with sevoflurane, without imaging guidance, for children undergoing nusinersen administration in a 24-month period.

Methods: Clinical data included demographics, type of spinal muscular atrophy, presence and severity of scoliosis.

DOAC in the treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism: a retrospective cohort study beyond the guidelines.

Background: The emerging use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) in the management of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (CAT) is significantly improving therapeutic adherence and quality of life. Despite this, many conditions can restrict the therapeutic index of these drugs. For all these reasons the latest guidelines recommend the use of heparins in the treatment of CAT as the preferred treatment in some clinical settings.

Case Report: mutation is associated with primary resistance to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in metastatic colorectal cancer.

Background: We aim to identify the prevalence and the role of the mutation in predicting resistance to anti-EGFR agents in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed tumor-based next generation sequencing (NGS) results from mCRC patients screened for enrollment in the GO40872/STARTRK-2 clinical trial between July 2019 and March 2021. Then, in patients harboring microsatellite stable (MSS) and wild-type mutant mCRC, we reviewed outcome to treatment with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies.

Children and neonates anesthesia in magnetic resonance environment in Italy: an active call survey.

Background: Pediatric anesthesia care in the Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a challenge for clinicians. The recent debate about the role of anesthetic agent on neural development, encouraged an evaluation of their actual activity in this environment. In this active call survey, the authors sought to delineate the Italian situation regarding national centers, staff involved, monitoring tools available and sedation techniques.

Circulating tumor DNA to guide rechallenge with panitumumab in metastatic colorectal cancer: the phase 2 CHRONOS trial.

Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies are approved for the treatment of RAS wild-type (WT) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), but the emergence of resistance mutations restricts their efficacy. We previously showed that RAS, BRAF and EGFR mutant alleles, which appear in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) during EGFR blockade, decline upon therapy withdrawal. We hypothesized that monitoring resistance mutations in blood could rationally guide subsequent therapy with anti-EGFR antibodies.

Temozolomide Treatment Alters Mismatch Repair and Boosts Mutational Burden in Tumor and Blood of Colorectal Cancer Patients.

Unlabelled: The majority of metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRC) are mismatch repair (MMR) proficient and unresponsive to immunotherapy, whereas MMR-deficient (MMRd) tumors often respond to immune-checkpoint blockade. We previously reported that the treatment of colorectal cancer preclinical models with temozolomide (TMZ) leads to MMR deficiency, increased tumor mutational burden (TMB), and sensitization to immunotherapy. To clinically translate these findings, we designed the ARETHUSA clinical trial whereby O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT)-deficient, MMR-proficient, RAS-mutant mCRC patients received priming therapy with TMZ.

Pneumatosis Intestinalis Induced by Anticancer Treatment: A Systematic Review.

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is a rare condition due to the presence of gas within the bowel wall; it is mainly caused by endoscopic procedures, infections and other gastrointestinal diseases. Oncological therapies have been reported to be a cause of PI as well, but their role is not clearly defined. This systematic review investigates the concurrency of PI and antitumor therapy in cancer patients, considering both solid tumors and onco-hematological ones.

Efficacy of Retreatment with Oxaliplatin-Based Regimens in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients: The RETROX-CRC Retrospective Study.

Background: oxaliplatin with fluoropyrimidine is a "mainstay" regarding the upfront treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). In contrast, the efficacy and safety of oxaliplatin-based regimens in late-care settings have been poorly reported.

Methods: we identified a real-world mCRC patient cohort who were re-treated with oxaliplatin, and in which clinicopathological features were retrospectively analyzed to identify efficacy-predictive determinants (RETROX-CRC study).

The evolving panorama of HER2-targeted treatments in metastatic urothelial cancer: A systematic review and future perspectives.

Purpose: HER2 alterations are potential candidates for targeted treatments in metastatic urothelial/bladder cancer (mUC). ERBB2 gene amplification and mutations are found in around 6% and 4% of mUC, respectively.

Methods: This is a systematic review of clinical trials evaluating HER2-targeting (amplification and mutations) in mUC.

Impaired seroconversion after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in patients with solid tumours receiving anticancer treatment.

Background: Patients with solid tumours have high COVID-19 mortality. Limited and heterogeneous data are available regarding the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in this population.

Methods And Findings: This is a prospective, single-centre cohort study aiming at evaluating seroconversion in terms of anti-spike antibodies in a population of patients with solid tumours undergoing cancer therapy within 2 months before the second vaccine dose, as compared with a cohort of controls.