Large-Scale Analysis of Age and Sex Effects on Corrected QT and JT Intervals: Insights From Hospital-Based Controls and Moxifloxacin-Treated Cases.

The corrected QT (QTc) interval is a critical marker for assessing proarrhythmic potential in drug development, while the corrected JT (JTc) interval provides specific insight into ventricular repolarization. This study quantitatively analyzed the relationships of QTc and JTc intervals with age and sex utilizing a large real-world dataset of hospital-based controls and moxifloxacin-treated patients. This retrospective study analyzed 1,039,550 electrocardiograms and associated clinical data extracted from a previously constructed electrocardiogram database, categorizing cases as hospital-based controls (n = 119,882) or moxifloxacin-treated (n = 1586) based on predefined criteria.

Exploration and exploitation in continual learning.

Continual learning (CL) has received a surge of interest, particularly in parameter isolation approaches, aiming to prevent catastrophic forgetting by assigning a disjoint parameter set to each task. Despite their effectiveness, existing approaches often neglect the task-specific differences, depending on predetermined allocation ratios of parameters. This can lead to suboptimal performance as it disregards the unique requirements of individual task traits.

Enhancement of Energy Absorption Capability of 3D Printed Ti-6Al-4V BCC Lattice Structures by Adding Auxiliary Struts.

Lattice structures, composed of interconnected struts, offer an efficient way to reduce structural weight while maintaining structural integrity. Because of this potential, this work aims to investigate and develop an efficient variant form of a BCC (Body-Centered Cubic) lattice structure to enhance the structural robustness and energy absorption capability, based on the Maxwell stability criterion. And we specifically changed the bending-dominated to stretching-dominated behavior by adding auxiliary struts, according to the theory, and confirmed how this affects the compression behavior of the structure.

Changes in muscle-to-fat ratio are associated with lung function decline and airflow obstruction in the general population.

Background: The long-term relationship between body composition and lung function has not yet been fully demonstrated. We investigated the longitudinal association between muscle-to-fat (MF) ratio and lung function among middle-aged general population.

Methods: Participants were enrolled from a community-based prospective cohort between 2005 and 2014.

Pharmacokinetic interactions between fexuprazan, a potassium-competitive acid blocker, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in healthy males.

Fexuprazan, a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, is expected to be used for the prevention of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induced ulcer. This study aimed to evaluate pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between fexuprazan and NSAIDs in healthy subjects. A randomized, open-label, multicenter, six-sequence, one-way crossover study was conducted in healthy male subjects.

The pharmacokinetic, safety, and tolerability profiles of eslicarbazepine acetate are comparable between Korean and White subjects.

Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is a prodrug antiseizure medication for the treatment of focal seizures. ESL shows a well-established pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamic relationship and has similar extrinsic epilepsy-related factors across ethnicities. This study evaluated and compared ESL safety, tolerability, and PK characteristics between Korean and White subjects.

Changes in the gut microbiome influence the hypoglycemic effect of metformin through the altered metabolism of branched-chain and nonessential amino acids.

Aims: Although metformin has been reported to affect the gut microbiome, the mechanism has not been fully determined. We explained the potential underlying mechanisms of metformin through a multiomics approach.

Methods: An open-label and single-arm clinical trial involving 20 healthy Korean was conducted.

Assessment of Oral Vancomycin-Induced Alterations in Gut Bacterial Microbiota and Metabolome of Healthy Men.

Several classes of antibiotics have reduced the mortality caused by infectious diseases; however, orally administered antibiotics alter the composition of gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis-related disease. Therefore, in this study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing- and metabolomics-based approaches to investigate the effects of oral vancomycin on gut bacterial microbiota and the metabolome in biospecimens collected from healthy men. Samples collected from 11 healthy men were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics.

Current Bioequivalence Study Designs in South Korea: A Comprehensive Analysis of Bioequivalence Study Reports Between 2013 and 2019.

Demonstration of bioequivalence (BE) is mandatory while developing generic drugs. The scientific concept of BE applies equally to different regulatory agencies. However, the application of the concept may differ for each agency, which can affect the design of BE studies.

Effects of vancomycin-induced gut microbiome alteration on the pharmacodynamics of metformin in healthy male subjects.

Metformin is a major treatment for type 2 diabetes. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of gut microbiome dysbiosis on the pharmacokinetics and antihyperglycemic effects of metformin. Healthy adult males aged 19-45 years with no defecation abnormalities were recruited for this 4-period clinical study: baseline; post-metformin (i.

Comparative pharmacokinetics between tenofovir disoproxil phosphate and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in healthy subjects.

Tenofovir is the representative treatment for human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus infection. This study was conducted to assess the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and safety characteristics after a single administration of tenofovir disoproxil phosphate compared to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in healthy male subjects. An open-label, randomized, single administration, two-treatment, two-sequence crossover study was conducted in 37 healthy volunteers.

Pharmacokinetic comparison between tablet of varenicline tartrate and orally disintegrating film of varenicline salicylate in healthy subjects.

Objective: Varenicline is an efficacious aid for smoking cessation. In this study, the pharmacokinetics and safety were compared between film-coated tablets of varenicline tartrate (reference drug) and the newly developed orally disintegrating films of varenicline salicylate (test drug), both of them contained 1 mg of varenicline.

Materials And Methods: A randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-sequence, two-period crossover study was conducted in healthy male subjects.

Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of LC28-0126, a Novel Necrosis Inhibitor, After Multiple Ascending Doses: A Phase I Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study in Healthy Male Subjects.

Purpose: LC28-0126 is a reactive oxygen species scavenger being developed for the treatment of various conditions caused by oxidative stress, such as oral mucositis, graft-versus-host disease, and lethal reperfusion injury in acute myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to assess the tolerability and pharmacokinetic properties of LC28-0126 with multiple IV administrations in healthy male subjects.

Methods: A dose-block-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple ascending-dose study was conducted.

Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Rosuvastatin/Metformin Sustained-Release (10/1000 mg) and Separate Tablets in Healthy Male Subjects.

Fixed-dose combination (FDC) drugs with various dose combinations for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia are currently in demand. We compared the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of the rosuvastatin/metformin sustained-release (10/1000 mg) FDC and separate tablets and evaluated the effect of food by randomized, open-label, 3-period, 6-sequence crossover studies conducted in healthy male subjects. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: separate tablets of 10 mg rosuvastatin and 1000 mg metformin sustained release in the fed state and the FDC in the fasted and fed states.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a fixed-dose combination of gemigliptin/metformin sustained release 25/500 mg compared to the loose combination in healthy male subjects.

Unlabelled: A fixed-dose combination (FDC) of gemigliptin/metformin can improve the medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of gemigliptin and metformin were compared between FDC and the corresponding loose combination under fasted and fed states. A two-part, randomized, open label, single-dose, two-way crossover study was conducted in healthy male subjects.

A Fixed-Dose Combination Of Gemigliptin And Rosuvastatin Exhibits Similar Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, And Safety Compared To That Of A Loose Combination In Healthy Subjects.

Purpose: Fixed-dose combination (FDC) of gemigliptin and rosuvastatin may improve medication compliance of patients with comorbid type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety of gemigliptin/rosuvastatin 50/20 mg FDC was compared with a loose combination of individual tablets in healthy subjects.

Patients And Methods: A randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-period, two-sequence, two-treatment crossover study was conducted.

Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Fimasartan, Amlodipine, and Hydrochlorothiazide for the Investigation of Drug-Drug Interaction Potentials.

Purpose: To build a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for fimasartan, amlodipine, and hydrochlorothiazide, and to investigate the drug-drug interaction (DDI) potentials.

Methods: The PBPK model of each drug was developed using Simcyp software (Version 15.0), based on the information obtained from literature sources and in vitro studies.

Effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of YH4808, a potassium-competitive acid blocker, after single- and multiple-oral dosing in healthy subjects.

Purpose: YH4808 is a potassium-competitive acid blocker, developed for the treatment of acid-related disorders. Two clinical studies in healthy male subjects were conducted to evaluate the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of YH4808.

Methods: The first study, a randomized, three-treatment, three-period, crossover study, compared pharmacokinetics of YH4808 (300 mg) after a single dose at fed state with a standard or a high-fat meal to those at fasted state.

Structured Kernel Subspace Learning for Autonomous Robot Navigation.

This paper considers two important problems for autonomous robot navigation in a dynamic environment, where the goal is to predict pedestrian motion and control a robot with the prediction for safe navigation. While there are several methods for predicting the motion of a pedestrian and controlling a robot to avoid incoming pedestrians, it is still difficult to safely navigate in a dynamic environment due to challenges, such as the varying quality and complexity of training data with unwanted noises. This paper addresses these challenges simultaneously by proposing a robust kernel subspace learning algorithm based on the recent advances in nuclear-norm and l 1 -norm minimization.

Pairwise Classifier Ensemble with Adaptive Sub-Classifiers for fMRI Pattern Analysis.

The multi-voxel pattern analysis technique is applied to fMRI data for classification of high-level brain functions using pattern information distributed over multiple voxels. In this paper, we propose a classifier ensemble for multiclass classification in fMRI analysis, exploiting the fact that specific neighboring voxels can contain spatial pattern information. The proposed method converts the multiclass classification to a pairwise classifier ensemble, and each pairwise classifier consists of multiple sub-classifiers using an adaptive feature set for each class-pair.

Robust Elastic-Net Subspace Representation.

Recently, finding the low-dimensional structure of high-dimensional data has gained much attention. Given a set of data points sampled from a single subspace or a union of subspaces, the goal is to learn or capture the underlying subspace structure of the data set. In this paper, we propose elastic-net subspace representation, a new subspace representation framework using elastic-net regularization of singular values.

Efficient l1 -norm-based low-rank matrix approximations for large-scale problems using alternating rectified gradient method.

Low-rank matrix approximation plays an important role in the area of computer vision and image processing. Most of the conventional low-rank matrix approximation methods are based on the l2 -norm (Frobenius norm) with principal component analysis (PCA) being the most popular among them. However, this can give a poor approximation for data contaminated by outliers (including missing data), because the l2 -norm exaggerates the negative effect of outliers.

Pattern-based Granger causality mapping in FMRI.

Since its development, the multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) method has been widely used to study high-level cognitive function in the brain. The results of the MVPA indicate that the spatial pattern of functional MRI data contains useful information. In addition to the spatial pattern analysis of the brain functions, effective connectivity can also be analyzed between the spatial pattern-based information.