Enhanced Detection, Using Deep Learning Technology, of Medial Meniscal Posterior Horn Ramp Lesions in Patients with ACL Injury.

Background: Meniscal ramp lesions can impact knee stability, particularly when associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the primary diagnostic tool, its diagnostic accuracy remains suboptimal. We aimed to determine whether deep learning technology could enhance MRI-based ramp lesion detection.

Usefulness of electron density imaging from dual-energy CT for detecting pulmonary thromboembolism in unenhanced CT.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of electron density (ED) imaging in detecting pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) on unenhanced dual-energy CT (UCT) and to analyze stage-dependent changes in ED values.

Materials And Methods: In the in vitro study, venous blood samples were incubated to form thrombi and scanned to assess attenuation and ED changes across different thrombus stages. The in vivo study retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent UCT within 1 day of CT pulmonary angiography, measuring HU and ED values of PTE.

Automated Opportunistic Osteoporosis Screening Using Low-Dose Chest CT among Individuals Undergoing Lung Cancer Screening in a Korean Population.

Opportunistic osteoporosis screening using deep learning (DL) analysis of low-dose chest CT (LDCT) scans is a potentially promising approach for the early diagnosis of this condition. We explored bone mineral density (BMD) profiles across all adult ages and prevalence of osteoporosis using LDCT with DL in a Korean population. This retrospective study included 1915 participants from two hospitals who underwent LDCT during general health checkups between 2018 and 2021.

Electron density dual-energy CT can improve the detection of lumbar disc herniation with higher image quality than standard and virtual non-calcium images.

Objectives: To compare the diagnostic performance and image quality of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) with electron density (ED) image reconstruction with those of DECT with standard CT (SC) and virtual non-calcium (VNCa) image reconstructions, for diagnosing lumbar disc herniation (L-HIVD).

Methods: A total of 59 patients (354 intervertebral discs from T12/L1 to L5/S1; mean age, 60 years; 30 women and 29 men) who underwent DECT with spectral reconstruction and 3-T MRI within 2 weeks were enrolled between March 2021 and February 2022. Four radiologists independently assessed three image sets of randomized ED, SC, and VNCa images to detect L-HIVD at 8-week intervals.

Olecranon bone age assessment in puberty using a lateral elbow radiograph and a deep-learning model.

Objectives: To improve pubertal bone age (BA) evaluation by developing a precise and practical elbow BA classification using the olecranon, and a deep-learning AI model.

Materials And Methods: Lateral elbow radiographs taken for BA evaluation in children under 18 years were collected from January 2020 to June 2022, retrospectively. A novel classification and the olecranon BA were established based on the morphological changes in the olecranon ossification process during puberty.

T2 Black Synovitis in Musculoskeletal MRI: Disease Spectrum and Imaging Characteristics of Joint Diseases.

The synovium may be affected by a wide spectrum of disorders, including inflammatory, infectious, degenerative, traumatic, hemorrhagic, and tumorous conditions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a valuable imaging modality to characterize synovial disorders. Most abnormal lesions appear as areas of nonspecific high signal intensity on T2-weighted images (T2-WI) due to high water content or increased perfusion.

Clinical Validation of an Artificial Intelligence Model for Detecting Distal Radius, Ulnar Styloid, and Scaphoid Fractures on Conventional Wrist Radiographs.

This study aimed to assess the feasibility and performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) model for detecting three common wrist fractures: distal radius, ulnar styloid process, and scaphoid. The AI model was trained with a dataset of 4432 images containing both fractured and non-fractured wrist images. In total, 593 subjects were included in the clinical test.

A Systematic Approach to Diagnosing Arthritis Based on Radiological Imaging.

Radiology plays a key role in the diagnosis of arthritis. We herein suggest an algorithmic approach to diagnosing arthritis. First, the number of joint involvements is reviewed.

Evaluation of Abdominal CT Obtained Using a Deep Learning-Based Image Reconstruction Engine Compared with CT Using Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction.

Purpose: To compare the image quality of CT obtained using a deep learning-based image reconstruction (DLIR) engine with images with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V (AV).

Materials And Methods: Using a phantom, the noise power spectrum (NPS) and task-based transfer function (TTF) were measured in images with different reconstructions (filtered back projection [FBP], AV30, 50, 100, DLIR-L, M, H) at multiple doses. One hundred and twenty abdominal CTs with 30% dose reduction were processed using AV30, AV50, DLIR-L, M, H.

Lumbar Spine Computed Tomography to Magnetic Resonance Imaging Synthesis Using Generative Adversarial Network: Visual Turing Test.

(1) Introduction: Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play an important role in the diagnosis and evaluation of spinal diseases, especially degenerative spinal diseases. MRI is mainly used to diagnose most spinal diseases because it shows a higher resolution than CT to distinguish lesions of the spinal canals and intervertebral discs. When it is inevitable for CT to be selected instead of MR in evaluating spinal disease, evaluation of spinal disease may be limited.

Diagnostic performance of electron-density dual-energy CT in detection of cervical disc herniation in comparison with standard gray-scale CT and virtual non-calcium images.

Objectives: To assess the diagnostic performance of dual-energy CT (DECT) with electron-density (ED) image reconstruction compared with standard CT (SC) and virtual non-calcium (VNCa) image CT reconstruction for detecting cervical disc herniation.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was approved by the IRB. We enrolled 64 patients (336 intervertebral discs from C2/3 to C7/T1; mean age, 55 years; 17 women and 47 men) who underwent DECT with spectral reconstruction and 3-T MRI within 2 weeks between January 2018 and June 2020.

Additive values of pelvic tomosynthesis in comparison to pelvic radiography alone for the diagnosis of sacroiliitis in patients with suspected axial spondyloarthritis.

Objectives: To compare inter-reader agreement and diagnostic confidence in detecting sacroiliitis by the modified New York criteria (mNY) on digital radiography (DR) versus digital pelvic tomosynthesis assisted DR (DR+DPT), and to evaluate changes in the presence of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) according to the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria.

Methods: One hundred and thirty-eight patients who underwent both DR and DPT with suspicious axSpA in our rheumatologic clinic were included from February 2017 to February 2018. Three radiologists independently graded sacroiliitis and confidence level on DR first and then re-graded them on DPT in a paired manner.

The correlation between follow-up MRI findings and laboratory results in pyogenic spondylodiscitis.

Background: Although MRI is the gold-standard imaging method in the diagnosis of spondylodiscitis, role of follow-up imaging is debated and there can be discrepancies with regard to the significance of bony or soft tissue responses to treatment. Purpose of our study is to test whether the MRI changes on follow-up imaging correlate with laboratory findings of treatment response.

Methods: A total of 48 patients with pyogenic spondylodiscitis who underwent baseline and follow-up MRI were retrospectively reviewed.

Imaging appearance of post-arthroscopic radiocarpal chondrolysis: comparison with osteoarthritis associated with scapholunate dissociation.

Background: Since the diagnosis of post-arthroscopic chondrolysis is very difficult, it can be underdiagnosed and confused with other diseases in clinical practice.

Purpose: To propose imaging features of post-arthroscopic radiocarpal chondrolysis (PRCC) and to compare these with osteoarthritis associated with scapholunate dissociation which are the most common misdiagnoses of PRCC.

Material And Methods: To identify missed diagnoses of PRCC, 994 magnetic resonance imaging scans performed in 910 patients were retrospectively reviewed.

Feasibility of postoperative 3-tesla diffusion tensor imaging in cervical spondylotic myelopathy: A comparison of single-shot EPI and multi-shot EPI.

Purpose: To explore the feasibility of postoperative high-tesla DTI in CSM and optimize its acquisition parameters using both single-shot (SS) echo-planar imaging (EPI) and multi-shot (MS) EPI, and to evaluate correlation between image degradation and operative methods.

Method: We enrolled twenty-seven patients with CSM scheduled for MRI at one month after cervical operations who were divided into three groups; 11 patients in group 1; 11 in group 2; and 5 in group 3. The patient in each group underwent two sets of DTI using both SS-EPI and MS-EPI with different diffusion gradient directions.

An intracortical chondromyxoid fibroma in the diaphysis of the metatarsal.

Chondromyxoid fibromas (CMFs) are rare, benign, primary tumors of bones, and occur in the metaphyses of the medullary canals of the long bones. The occurrence of intracortical CMFs is extremely rare. Very few cases of intracortical CMFs located in the long tubular bones have been reported to date.

Metal Artifact Reduction for Orthopedic Implants (O-MAR): Usefulness in CT Evaluation of Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the metal artifact reduction algorithm for orthopedic implants (O-MAR) on CT image quality for patients with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA), with emphasis placed on the evaluation of bone in the vicinity of prostheses.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-five patients who underwent CT scanning after RTSA were enrolled in the study. Two radiologists analyzed the images reconstructed with filtered back projection (FBP) with or without O-MAR processing.

Correlation Between Bile Reflux Gastritis and Biliary Excreted Contrast Media in the Stomach.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between biliary excreted contrast media in the stomach and the presence of bile reflux gastritis.

Methods: Consecutive 111 patients who underwent both gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiography (gadoxetic MRC) and gastric endoscopy were included in this study. We performed a review of the gadoxetic-MRC image sets acquired 60 minutes after intravenous injection of contrast media and endoscopic images.

Fluoroscopically Guided Epidural Injections of the Cervical and Lumbar Spine.

Advances in imaging and the development of injection techniques have enabled spinal intervention to become an important tool in managing chronic spinal pain. Epidural steroid injection (ESI) is one of the most widely used spinal interventions; it directly delivers drugs into the epidural space to relieve pain originating from degenerative spine disorders-central canal stenoses and neural foraminal stenoses-or disk herniations. Knowledge of the normal anatomy of the epidural space is essential to perform an effective and safe ESI and to recognize possible complications.

Predictive Factors of Atelectasis Following Endoscopic Resection.

Background And Aim: Atelectasis is one of the pulmonary complications associated with anesthesia. Little is known about atelectasis following endoscopic procedures under deep sedation. This study evaluated the frequency, risk factors, and clinical course of atelectasis after endoscopic resection.

Lymphoma affecting the breast: a pictorial review of multimodal imaging findings.

Hematological malignancies rarely affect the breast, and the majority of those that do are lymphomas. In this review, we describe the clinical aspects and multimodal imaging findings of breast lymphoma. We also illustrate the key clinical and radiological findings that allow it to be distinguished from various other malignant and benign diseases of the breast.