Benchmarking NousNav: quantifying the spatial accuracy and clinical performance of an affordable, open-source neuronavigation system.

Purpose: NousNav is a low-cost, open-source neuronavigation platform built to address the high costs and resource limitations that hinder access to advanced neurosurgical technologies in low-resource settings. The low-cost and accessibility of the system is made possible using consumer-grade optical tracking and open-source software packages. This study aims to assess the performance of these core enabling technologies by quantifying their spatial accuracy and comparing it to a commercial gold standard.

Predictors of Recurrence of Chronic Subdural Hematoma Among Adult Filipinos After Surgery: Developing a Preliminary Model for Prognosis.

Objective: The objective of this study is to develop a preliminary model for prediction of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) recurrence for adult Filipinos who underwent CSDH surgery.

Methods: This study addresses a retrospective cohort of 71 adult patients who underwent CSDH surgery at a tertiary medical center in the Philippines. The outcome of interest was recurrence of CSDH detected on post-operative scans after discharge.

Preoperative tumor embolization via pedicle artery sacrifice for symptomatic spinal aneurysmal bone cysts: illustrative cases.

Background: Spinal aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are challenging to manage due to high vascularity and proximity to critical structures. Two patients with large, symptomatic thoracic ABCs are presented.

Observations: Preoperative tumor embolization via pedicle artery sacrifice was performed prior to planned resection to reduce intraoperative blood loss and the risk of postoperative neurological deficits.

Spatiotemporal Disentanglement of Arteriovenous Malformations in Digital Subtraction Angiography.

Although Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) is the most important imaging for visualizing cerebrovascular anatomy, its interpretation by clinicians remains difficult. This is particularly true when treating arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), where entangled vasculature connecting arteries and veins needs to be carefully identified. The presented method aims to enhance DSA image series by highlighting critical information via automatic classification of vessels using a combination of two learning models: An unsupervised machine learning method based on Independent Component Analysis that decomposes the phases of flow and a convolutional neural network that automatically delineates the vessels in image space.

Unified Brain MR-Ultrasound Synthesis using Multi-Modal Hierarchical Representations.

We introduce MHVAE, a deep hierarchical variational autoencoder (VAE) that synthesizes missing images from various modalities. Extending multi-modal VAEs with a hierarchical latent structure, we introduce a probabilistic formulation for fusing multi-modal images in a common latent representation while having the flexibility to handle incomplete image sets as input. Moreover, adversarial learning is employed to generate sharper images.

Management of moyamoya disease: a review of current and future therapeutic strategies.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is characterized by idiopathic, progressive stenosis of the circle of Willis and the terminal portion of the internal carotid arteries with the development of prominent small collateral vessels and a characteristic moyamoya or puff-of-smoke radiographic appearance. The incidence and prevalence of MMD varies by region, age, and sex, with higher rates in Asian and East Asian populations compared to North American or European populations. There is a bimodal distribution of patients diagnosed with MMD.

Brain AVM surgery without endovascular embolization in a low to middle income country.

We treated a 20-year-old woman in Paraguay with a ruptured intraventricular Spetzler-Martin Grade 3 AVM, and illustrate microsurgical resection without embolization in this video.

Craniocervical dural arteriovenous fistula: Microsurgical clipping and technical nuances with ICG.

A 48-year-old male with progressive congestive myelopathy had a craniocvervical DAVF treated with surgical clipping using ICG to confirm solitary inflow.

Combination endovascular and microsurgical treatment of partially thrombosed ruptured ICA terminus aneurysm, with common carotid artery to MCA bypass via saphenous vein graft and parent vessel sacrifice after coil embolization.

A 63-year-old woman presented with ruptured giant ICA terminus aneurysm, temporized with coil embolization and definitively treated with parent vessel sacrifice and high-flow bypass.

Clinical trial links oncolytic immunoactivation to survival in glioblastoma.

Immunotherapy failures can result from the highly suppressive tumour microenvironment that characterizes aggressive forms of cancer such as recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM). Here we report the results of a first-in-human phase I trial in 41 patients with rGBM who were injected with CAN-3110-an oncolytic herpes virus (oHSV). In contrast to other clinical oHSVs, CAN-3110 retains the viral neurovirulence ICP34.

ReMIND: The Brain Resection Multimodal Imaging Database.

The standard of care for brain tumors is maximal safe surgical resection. Neuronavigation augments the surgeon's ability to achieve this but loses validity as surgery progresses due to brain shift. Moreover, gliomas are often indistinguishable from surrounding healthy brain tissue.

Recurrent Intraventricular Haemorrhage in Cerebral Proliferative Angiopathy - A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Cerebral proliferative angiopathy (CPA) is an entity distinct from that of classical arteriovenous malformations. As such, few reports have considered the long-term follow-up of patients with hemorrhage in CPA. Accordingly, herein the authors present a case of recurrent hemorrhage in CPA with 32 years of follow-up and in so doing summarize the literature of hemorrhagic cases in CPA.

A Tool-free Neuronavigation Method based on Single-view Hand Tracking.

This work presents a novel tool-free neuronavigation method that can be used with a single RGB commodity camera. Compared with freehand craniotomy placement methods, the proposed system is more intuitive and less error prone. The proposed method also has several advantages over standard neuronavigation platforms.

Surgical Management in Herpes Simplex Encephalitis: Illustrative Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common cause of viral encephalitis and can result in refractory seizures. Although HSV encephalitis (HSVE) is treated primarily with acyclovir, surgery can play a role in medically intractable cases.

Objective: To systematically review cases describing surgery for the treatment of severe HSVE.

"Recycling" A Failed Superficial Temporal Artery Indirect Bypass into a Double Barrel Direct Bypass in Moyamoya Disease.

Objectives: Moyamoya disease is an idiopathic cerebrovascular disorder in which patients experience recurrent transient ischemic attacks, ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes, headaches, and seizures from progressive stenosis of the vessels of the anterior circulation. The mainstay of treatment in symptomatic patients is surgical revascularization. Here, we present the case of a moyamoya patient in which a failed encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis, after new strokes, is recycled and converted into a combined "double barrel" direct superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass with included video.