The influence of prenatal exercise modes on resting maternal blood lactate.

Resting lactate concentration in venous blood is a commonly used indicator of metabolic disease risk. Regular exercise during pregnancy improves maternal metabolic health; however, it is unknown if maternal exercise regulates resting lactate concentration. We aimed to elucidate the effects of three different modalities of exercise during pregnancy on blood lactate in pregnant women.

Prenatal exercise regulates influence of parental body mass index on birth outcomes.

Background: Offspring body mass index is often higher in parents with overweight or obesity, thereby increasing the risk of obesity later in life. As data has shown that exercise during pregnancy reduces gestational weight gain and offspring adiposity, we believe the intergenerational risk of obesity could be reduced.

Objective: This study aimed to test the influence of paternal and maternal overweight or obesity on neonatal body mass index and other birth measures, and whether exercise during pregnancy would improve outcomes.

Effect of in utero metformin exposure in gestational diabetes mellitus on infant mesenchymal stem cell metabolism.

Offspring exposed to metformin treatment for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) experience altered growth patterns that increase the risk for developing cardiometabolic diseases later in life. The adaptive cellular mechanisms underlying these patterns remain unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether chronic in utero metformin exposure associated with GDM treatment elicits infant cellular metabolic adaptations.

Paternal obesity decreases infant MSC mitochondrial functional capacity.

Besides the well-recognized influence of maternal health on fetal in utero development, recent epidemiological studies appoint paternal preconception metabolic health as a significant factor in shaping fetal metabolic programming and subsequently offspring metabolic health; however, mechanisms behind these adaptations remain confined to animal models. To elucidate the effects of paternal obesity (P-OB) on infant metabolism in humans, we examined mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which give rise to infant tissue, remain involved in mature tissue maintenance, and resemble the phenotype of the offspring donor. Here, we assessed mitochondrial functional capacity, content, and insulin action in MSC from infants of fathers with overweight [body mass index (BMI: 25-30 kg/m); paternal overweight (P-OW)] or obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m; P-OB) while controlling for maternal intrauterine environment.

Differences in substrate metabolism between African American and Caucasian infants: evidence from mesenchymal stem cells.

Type 2 diabetes is more prevalent in African American (AA) than Caucasian (C) adults. Furthermore, differential substrate utilization has been observed between AA and C adults, but data regarding metabolic differences between races at birth remains scarce. The purpose of the present study was to determine if there are racial differences in substrate metabolism evident at birth using a mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) collected from offspring umbilical cords.

Intrinsic adaptations in OXPHOS power output and reduced tumorigenicity characterize doxorubicin resistant ovarian cancer cells.

Although the development of chemoresistance is multifactorial, active chemotherapeutic efflux driven by upregulations in ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters are commonplace. Chemotherapeutic efflux pumps, like ABCB1, couple drug efflux to ATP hydrolysis and thus potentially elevate cellular demand for ATP resynthesis. Elevations in both mitochondrial content and cellular respiration are common phenotypes accompanying many models of cancer cell chemoresistance, including those dependent on ABCB1.

Infant Mesenchymal Stem Cell Insulin Action Is Associated With Maternal Plasma Free Fatty Acids, Independent of Obesity Status: The Healthy Start Study.

Preclinical rodent and nonhuman primate models investigating maternal obesity have highlighted the importance of the intrauterine environment in the development of insulin resistance in offspring; however, it remains unclear if these findings can be translated to humans. To investigate possible intrauterine effects in humans, we isolated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the umbilical cord tissue of infants born to mothers of normal weight or mothers with obesity. Insulin-stimulated glycogen storage was determined in MSCs undergoing myogenesis in vitro.

Influence of Maternal Exercise on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Offspring Stem Cells: ENHANCED by Mom.

Context: Recent preclinical data suggest exercise during pregnancy can improve the metabolic phenotype not only of the mother, but of the developing offspring as well. However, investigations in human offspring are lacking.

Objective: To characterize the effect of maternal aerobic exercise on the metabolic phenotype of the offspring's mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

The impact of advanced maternal age on pregnancy and offspring health: A mechanistic role for placental angiogenic growth mediators.

The birth rates among women of advanced maternal age (AMA) have risen over the last two decades; yet, pregnancies with AMA are considered high-risk and are associated with a significant increase in pregnancy complications. Although the mechanisms leading to pregnancy complications in women with AMA are not fully understood, it has been well established in the literature that offspring exposed to unfavorable environmental conditions in utero, such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and/or intrauterine growth restriction during the early stages of development are subject to long-term health consequences. Additionally, angiogenic growth mediators, which drive vascular development of the placenta, are imbalanced in pregnancies with AMA.